Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.3362/1755-1986.19-00012
D. Choudhary, N. Khanal, Shriniwas Gautam, A. Beshir, H. K. Shrestha, D. Kc, J. Donovan
In Nepal, expanding the production of hybrid maize seed has been prioritized by the government to meet the country’s growing demand for maize grain. Over the past 15 years, Nepal has released seven new hybrid maize varieties, but only two varieties were commercialized until 2019. This article takes a value chain perspective to assess how a hybrid maize seed system can be developed in Nepal. We collected data from 415 maize-growing households, 11 seed producing businesses, 95 seed retailers, 15 service providers, and 21 end-use industries. Findings showed that the seed companies lacked capacity in production, business operations, and marketing while agro-dealers and farmers have depended on imported varieties. Upgrading the chain will require the provision of technical and financial services and a supportive regulatory environment. For seed businesses, this means improved access to parental lines and increased capacity to build demand for new hybrids in a competitive market place.
{"title":"Building a viable maize hybrid value chain in Nepal: recent successes and the road ahead","authors":"D. Choudhary, N. Khanal, Shriniwas Gautam, A. Beshir, H. K. Shrestha, D. Kc, J. Donovan","doi":"10.3362/1755-1986.19-00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.19-00012","url":null,"abstract":"In Nepal, expanding the production of hybrid maize seed has been prioritized by the government to meet the country’s growing demand for maize grain. Over the past 15 years, Nepal has released seven new hybrid maize varieties, but only two varieties were commercialized until 2019. This article takes a value chain perspective to assess how a hybrid maize seed system can be developed in Nepal. We collected data from 415 maize-growing households, 11 seed producing businesses, 95 seed retailers, 15 service providers, and 21 end-use industries. Findings showed that the seed companies lacked capacity in production, business operations, and marketing while agro-dealers and farmers have depended on imported varieties. Upgrading the chain will require the provision of technical and financial services and a supportive regulatory environment. For seed businesses, this means improved access to parental lines and increased capacity to build demand for new hybrids in a competitive market place.","PeriodicalId":39025,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise Development and Microfinance","volume":"31 1","pages":"92-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47577924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.3362/1755-1986.20-00007
C. Florey
Digital technologies range from ‘low-tech’ tools such as mobile phones and computers to more ‘high-tech’ solutions such as blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence. Digital technologies can help smallholder farmers increase their yields and incomes if they are effectively targeted to facilitate agriculture as a ‘pathway out of poverty’. For digital agriculture to deliver on its promise, it is critical not only to design digital agriculture interventions that consider the target populations’ needs, constraints, and appropriateness, but also to ensure that digital technologies do not exacerbate social and economic inequalities. Cognizance of these risks is essential if practitioners are to ensure that digital agriculture fulfils its potential and makes significant contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). We use the example of a digital agriculture decision support tool, Rice Crop Manager (RCM), to illustrate the challenges of designing, targeting, and scaling digital tools to support rural development.
{"title":"Digital agriculture and pathways out of poverty: the need for appropriate design, targeting, and scaling","authors":"C. Florey","doi":"10.3362/1755-1986.20-00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.20-00007","url":null,"abstract":"Digital technologies range from ‘low-tech’ tools such as mobile phones and computers to more ‘high-tech’ solutions such as blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence. Digital technologies can help smallholder farmers increase their yields and incomes if they are effectively targeted to facilitate agriculture as a ‘pathway out of poverty’. For digital agriculture to deliver on its promise, it is critical not only to design digital agriculture interventions that consider the target populations’ needs, constraints, and appropriateness, but also to ensure that digital technologies do not exacerbate social and economic inequalities. Cognizance of these risks is essential if practitioners are to ensure that digital agriculture fulfils its potential and makes significant contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). We use the example of a digital agriculture decision support tool, Rice Crop Manager (RCM), to illustrate the challenges of designing, targeting, and scaling digital tools to support rural development.","PeriodicalId":39025,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise Development and Microfinance","volume":"31 1","pages":"126-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42954960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.3362/1755-1986.19-00005
Seema Sahai
Informal sector enterprises constitute about 50 per cent of informal sector employment. If these enterprises can grow then poverty can be impacted substantially. Microcredit was visualized as a support to help micro-enterprises generate income and impact poverty. Studies across the globe suggest that the impact created by microcredit is not substantial. This mixed-method, two-phase study aims to identify the reason for lack of impact. Findings of the first phase exploratory study suggest that there are a few determinants of growth which are as critical as credit for growth. These determinants are market location, value chain, gender of the entrepreneur, investment, cluster, and entrepreneurship of the entrepreneur. In Phase 2 these determinants are confirmed through multinomial regression of data from a larger sample size in a different location. Credit is the control variable. All determinants except entrepreneurship are statistically significant in explaining the role of these determinants in the growth of micro-enterprises. These findings can inform policy about the components of enabling conditions for micro-enterprises.
{"title":"Determinants of growth for the informal sector micro-enterprises: an empirical study in India","authors":"Seema Sahai","doi":"10.3362/1755-1986.19-00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.19-00005","url":null,"abstract":"Informal sector enterprises constitute about 50 per cent of informal sector employment. If these enterprises can grow then poverty can be impacted substantially. Microcredit was visualized as a support to help micro-enterprises generate income and impact poverty. Studies across the globe suggest that the impact created by microcredit is not substantial. This mixed-method, two-phase study aims to identify the reason for lack of impact. Findings of the first phase exploratory study suggest that there are a few determinants of growth which are as critical as credit for growth. These determinants are market location, value chain, gender of the entrepreneur, investment, cluster, and entrepreneurship of the entrepreneur. In Phase 2 these determinants are confirmed through multinomial regression of data from a larger sample size in a different location. Credit is the control variable. All determinants except entrepreneurship are statistically significant in explaining the role of these determinants in the growth of micro-enterprises. These findings can inform policy about the components of enabling conditions for micro-enterprises.","PeriodicalId":39025,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise Development and Microfinance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47669531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.3362/1755-1986.19-00020
L. Jones
This paper examines gender inclusion and women’s empowerment with a market systems lens. It draws on an earlier gender inclusion framework for market systems commissioned by the M4P Hub and published as a Springfield Paper in 2012 as well as an updated and expanded version of the framework published by the BEAM Exchange in 2016. This paper provides a brief background on the M4P context for gender inclusion, explores the evolution of intentional gender inclusion in economic market systems programming since 2008, outlines proven approaches to influence and facilitate private sector engagement, and describes supplementary time-bound approaches to promote and support inclusive market systems change that benefits women. It concludes with a set of guiding principles for inclusive market systems, presenting concepts that are fundamental to our understanding of gender inclusion.
{"title":"Gender inclusion in market systems programming","authors":"L. Jones","doi":"10.3362/1755-1986.19-00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.19-00020","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines gender inclusion and women’s empowerment with a market systems lens. It draws on an earlier gender inclusion framework for market systems commissioned by the M4P Hub and published as a Springfield Paper in 2012 as well as an updated and expanded version of the framework published by the BEAM Exchange in 2016. This paper provides a brief background on the M4P context for gender inclusion, explores the evolution of intentional gender inclusion in economic market systems programming since 2008, outlines proven approaches to influence and facilitate private sector engagement, and describes supplementary time-bound approaches to promote and support inclusive market systems change that benefits women. It concludes with a set of guiding principles for inclusive market systems, presenting concepts that are fundamental to our understanding of gender inclusion.","PeriodicalId":39025,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise Development and Microfinance","volume":"31 1","pages":"43-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43284586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.3362/1755-1986.20-00003
H. Scott
M4P or ‘Making Markets Work better for the Poor’ is a market systems approach to economic development that seeks to understand how poor people interact with market systems, and therefore how change can take place within those systems to benefit them. Challenge funds, when used as a tool for private sector development, are typically a mechanism to incentivize and support the private sector to invest in ways which both assist businesses to grow as well as provide wider development benefits. Although challenge funds typically act on only part of the M4P ‘doughnut’ and generally support only one type of market actor (i.e. the private sector and not government or civil society), they can and have worked to achieve systemic change. This paper explores lessons learned on how the design and implementation of challenge funds can be adapted to maximize their impact on market systems and, ultimately, poor people
{"title":"‘Starting races’: bringing about market systems change using challenge funds","authors":"H. Scott","doi":"10.3362/1755-1986.20-00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.20-00003","url":null,"abstract":"M4P or ‘Making Markets Work better for the Poor’ is a market systems approach to economic development that seeks to understand how poor people interact with market systems, and therefore how change can take place within those systems to benefit them. Challenge funds, when used as a tool for private sector development, are typically a mechanism to incentivize and support the private sector to invest in ways which both assist businesses to grow as well as provide wider development benefits. Although challenge funds typically act on only part of the M4P ‘doughnut’ and generally support only one type of market actor (i.e. the private sector and not government or civil society), they can and have worked to achieve systemic change. This paper explores lessons learned on how the design and implementation of challenge funds can be adapted to maximize their impact on market systems and, ultimately, poor people","PeriodicalId":39025,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise Development and Microfinance","volume":"31 1","pages":"3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47808110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.3362/1755-1986.2020.31-1.ed
Thomas W. Dichter
{"title":"Guest editorial","authors":"Thomas W. Dichter","doi":"10.3362/1755-1986.2020.31-1.ed","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.2020.31-1.ed","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39025,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise Development and Microfinance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47257384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.3362/1755-1986.19-00011
M. Omeke, Pascal Ngoboka, I. Nkote, I. Kayongo
The study examines the relationship between dynamic capabilities and institutional size of financial cooperatives. A mixed research design was adopted to study 269 savings and credit cooperatives (SACCOs) in Uganda. Structural equation modelling and content analysis were carried out. The results indicate that dynamic capabilities and institutional size of financial cooperatives are significant and positively related. Further, the constructs of dynamic capability of coordination, learning, and competitive response contribute to the increase in membership, capital base, returns to members, and portfolio quality of SACCOs. The study concludes that the size and development of financial cooperatives depends heavily on the institutional and managerial capabilities for coordination, learning, and competitive responses to the environment. The study’s contribution is to highlight the complexity of the environment in which the financial cooperatives operate and the importance of dynamic capabilities to succeed.
{"title":"Dynamic capabilities and institutional size of financial cooperatives","authors":"M. Omeke, Pascal Ngoboka, I. Nkote, I. Kayongo","doi":"10.3362/1755-1986.19-00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.19-00011","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the relationship between dynamic capabilities and institutional size of financial cooperatives. A mixed research design was adopted to study 269 savings and credit cooperatives (SACCOs) in Uganda. Structural equation modelling and content analysis were carried out. The results indicate that dynamic capabilities and institutional size of financial cooperatives are significant and positively related. Further, the constructs of dynamic capability of coordination, learning, and competitive response contribute to the increase in membership, capital base, returns to members, and portfolio quality of SACCOs. The study concludes that the size and development of financial cooperatives depends heavily on the institutional and managerial capabilities for coordination, learning, and competitive responses to the environment. The study’s contribution is to highlight the complexity of the environment in which the financial cooperatives operate and the importance of dynamic capabilities to succeed.","PeriodicalId":39025,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise Development and Microfinance","volume":"31 1","pages":"11-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44327804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.3362/1755-1986.19-00014
Calvin J. Miller, Clara Yoon
This article provides a framework, with supporting examples, for addressing finance for smallholder investment for innovation. Smallholder households function in interconnected ‘systems’ radiating outwards from the household unit: livelihoods, agricultural market systems, community and society, and infrastructure and policy. An inclusive livelihoods model analyses what would need to be true for uptake of innovations by women, men, and youth, and what financial and non-financial products are needed. ‘Customer centric’ integrated value chain financing solutions are tailored to smallholder market segments along eight pathways for growth. A roadmap for facilitating innovation and change using priority pathways, yet grounded in proven financial and development principles, is recommended. Tools and approaches include: value chain facilitation and capacity development – aggregation, market linkages, and private–public partnerships; financial tools – transaction-based financing, flexible products, and risk mitigators; and innovations in service delivery – digital and ICT applications.
{"title":"Fostering smallholder investment and innovation through inclusive financial services","authors":"Calvin J. Miller, Clara Yoon","doi":"10.3362/1755-1986.19-00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.19-00014","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a framework, with supporting examples, for addressing finance for smallholder investment for innovation. Smallholder households function in interconnected ‘systems’ radiating outwards from the household unit: livelihoods, agricultural market systems, community and society, and infrastructure and policy. An inclusive livelihoods model analyses what would need to be true for uptake of innovations by women, men, and youth, and what financial and non-financial products are needed. ‘Customer centric’ integrated value chain financing solutions are tailored to smallholder market segments along eight pathways for growth. A roadmap for facilitating innovation and change using priority pathways, yet grounded in proven financial and development principles, is recommended. Tools and approaches include: value chain facilitation and capacity development – aggregation, market linkages, and private–public partnerships; financial tools – transaction-based financing, flexible products, and risk mitigators; and innovations in service delivery – digital and ICT applications.","PeriodicalId":39025,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise Development and Microfinance","volume":"31 1","pages":"28-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46303083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3362/1755-1986.19-00009
C. V. Dullemen
{"title":"Micro pensions in developing countries: a case study of the Solomon Islands","authors":"C. V. Dullemen","doi":"10.3362/1755-1986.19-00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.19-00009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39025,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise Development and Microfinance","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69467211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.3362/1755-1986.20-00001
J. Tomecko
Several years ago, Rob Hitchins, Aly Miehlbradt, and myself were running a small workshop on market development at a Swiss Development Corporation event in Nottwil, Switzerland organized by SDC’s I...
几年前，Rob Hitchins、Aly Miehlbradt和我在瑞士开发公司(Swiss development Corporation)在瑞士Nottwil举办的一个小型市场开发研讨会上，由SDC的I…
{"title":"Just good development: why it took us so long to get there","authors":"J. Tomecko","doi":"10.3362/1755-1986.20-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.20-00001","url":null,"abstract":"Several years ago, Rob Hitchins, Aly Miehlbradt, and myself were running a small workshop on market development at a Swiss Development Corporation event in Nottwil, Switzerland organized by SDC’s I...","PeriodicalId":39025,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise Development and Microfinance","volume":"30 1","pages":"298-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47887153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：