Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.3362/1755-1986.19-00001
Dani Aoun, Jacques Hendieh, Salam Nakfour
With 13 microfinance institutions (MFIs) operating in Lebanon the sector is witnessing limited growth. This article aims to determine the reasons behind such limited growth using a survey method to...
{"title":"The curse of limited growth among Lebanese microfinance institutions","authors":"Dani Aoun, Jacques Hendieh, Salam Nakfour","doi":"10.3362/1755-1986.19-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.19-00001","url":null,"abstract":"With 13 microfinance institutions (MFIs) operating in Lebanon the sector is witnessing limited growth. This article aims to determine the reasons behind such limited growth using a survey method to...","PeriodicalId":39025,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise Development and Microfinance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47558216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.3362/1755-1986.2019.30-3.ed
J. Donovan
This January will mark my fourth anniversary as editor-in-chief of Enterprise Development and Microfinance (EDM). Before joining EDM as editor, I had had prior engagement with the journal, having c...
{"title":"Editorial: ‘From the editor’","authors":"J. Donovan","doi":"10.3362/1755-1986.2019.30-3.ed","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.2019.30-3.ed","url":null,"abstract":"This January will mark my fourth anniversary as editor-in-chief of Enterprise Development and Microfinance (EDM). Before joining EDM as editor, I had had prior engagement with the journal, having c...","PeriodicalId":39025,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise Development and Microfinance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44774768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.3362/1755-1986.19-00008
M. C. Zuniga, M. Lynn, Elly Kaganzi Mwesigwa, Daniel Norell, V. Sriram, E. Tumusiime
Market-based approaches to food security often increase agricultural productivity and income yet sometimes fail to enhance nutrition. When food security programming combines market and food systems...
{"title":"Better together: improving food security and nutrition by linking market and food systems","authors":"M. C. Zuniga, M. Lynn, Elly Kaganzi Mwesigwa, Daniel Norell, V. Sriram, E. Tumusiime","doi":"10.3362/1755-1986.19-00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.19-00008","url":null,"abstract":"Market-based approaches to food security often increase agricultural productivity and income yet sometimes fail to enhance nutrition. When food security programming combines market and food systems...","PeriodicalId":39025,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise Development and Microfinance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3362/1755-1986.19-00008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46673189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.3362/1755-1986.18-00019
Emilio M. Santandreu, J. L. Pascual
The aim of this research was to inquire if foreign microfinance institutions (MFIs), interested in entering the US microfinance market because of its location advantages, should glocalize their microcredit policies. Research found that women in the USA are a no better risk for microcredit than men, and there are no differences in the repayment of microloans between men and women. The payment behaviour of women and men related to certain specific variables was also investigated. A survey sent to 203 MFIs was used, to which 17.73 per cent responded. Findings show that, in the USA, there are no strong incentives, motivations or external pressures which influence women to pay microcredits better than men. Therefore, international MFIs entering the USA should glocalize their microcredit policies in relation to women as well as their product design and policies for granting microloans.
{"title":"Microfinance institutions in the USA: the glocalization of microcredit policies in relation to gender","authors":"Emilio M. Santandreu, J. L. Pascual","doi":"10.3362/1755-1986.18-00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.18-00019","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to inquire if foreign microfinance institutions (MFIs), interested in entering the US microfinance market because of its location advantages, should glocalize their microcredit policies. Research found that women in the USA are a no better risk for microcredit than men, and there are no differences in the repayment of microloans between men and women. The payment behaviour of women and men related to certain specific variables was also investigated. A survey sent to 203 MFIs was used, to which 17.73 per cent responded. Findings show that, in the USA, there are no strong incentives, motivations or external pressures which influence women to pay microcredits better than men. Therefore, international MFIs entering the USA should glocalize their microcredit policies in relation to women as well as their product design and policies for granting microloans.","PeriodicalId":39025,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise Development and Microfinance","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41871972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.3362/1755-1986.18-00023
E. Wakwabubi, Y. Ahmed, Stephen Omware
Development of agro-pastoral and pastoral entrepreneurship in arid and semi-arid lands (ASAL) of East Africa is constrained by lack of access to financial services, limited technology, and low capacity to engage in high value crop production. This is exacerbated by high risks associated with providing these services to pastoralist communities in ASAL areas in Kenya. The communities’ preference for ethical financial products and services has exacerbated this exclusion. This article presents a new intervention area that addresses these challenges. It argues that bundling ethical financial services with agricultural technology and capacity building positively affects entrepreneurship and income generation among pastoral communities that are transitioning into crop production. This article is based on the Islamic Relief Kenya (IRK) project implementation experience and participatory action and quantitative research conducted with randomly selected members of 180 Alpha Group Savings and Loans Associations (AGSLAs).
{"title":"Developing agro-pastoral entrepreneurship: bundling blended finance and technology","authors":"E. Wakwabubi, Y. Ahmed, Stephen Omware","doi":"10.3362/1755-1986.18-00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.18-00023","url":null,"abstract":"Development of agro-pastoral and pastoral entrepreneurship in arid and semi-arid lands (ASAL) of East Africa is constrained by lack of access to financial services, limited technology, and low capacity to engage in high value crop production. This is exacerbated by high risks associated with providing these services to pastoralist communities in ASAL areas in Kenya. The communities’ preference for ethical financial products and services has exacerbated this exclusion. This article presents a new intervention area that addresses these challenges. It argues that bundling ethical financial services with agricultural technology and capacity building positively affects entrepreneurship and income generation among pastoral communities that are transitioning into crop production. This article is based on the Islamic Relief Kenya (IRK) project implementation experience and participatory action and quantitative research conducted with randomly selected members of 180 Alpha Group Savings and Loans Associations (AGSLAs).","PeriodicalId":39025,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise Development and Microfinance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47025821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.3362/1755-1986.17-00026
K. Ranjani, Poonam Singh
This paper examines the effect of training and capacity building on reciprocity in microfinance institutions (MFI). Borrower loyalty requirements in MFI go beyond financial incentives and capacity building helps in skilling borrowers and securing borrower loyalty. The study proposes training expenditures as a determinant of reciprocity. Using an unbalanced panel data of 211 Indian MFIs, we proxy training expenditures by cost per loan and training services are approximated by offices and borrower per staff member. The paper shows that training expenditure has a positive and significant effect on reciprocity, measured in terms of borrower retention and deposit to loan ratio. We also show the interrelationship between training expenditures and performance measures. Our paper contributes to practice by identifying the positive role of training expenditures in securing borrower loyalty and increase in outreach which, in turn, helps to improve performance of MFIs.
{"title":"Reciprocity, performance, and training expenditure in microfinance institutions: evidence from South Asia","authors":"K. Ranjani, Poonam Singh","doi":"10.3362/1755-1986.17-00026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.17-00026","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effect of training and capacity building on reciprocity in microfinance institutions (MFI). Borrower loyalty requirements in MFI go beyond financial incentives and capacity building helps in skilling borrowers and securing borrower loyalty. The study proposes training expenditures as a determinant of reciprocity. Using an unbalanced panel data of 211 Indian MFIs, we proxy training expenditures by cost per loan and training services are approximated by offices and borrower per staff member. The paper shows that training expenditure has a positive and significant effect on reciprocity, measured in terms of borrower retention and deposit to loan ratio. We also show the interrelationship between training expenditures and performance measures. Our paper contributes to practice by identifying the positive role of training expenditures in securing borrower loyalty and increase in outreach which, in turn, helps to improve performance of MFIs.","PeriodicalId":39025,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise Development and Microfinance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41912002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.3362/1755-1986.2019.30-2.ed
J. Donovan
{"title":"Editorial","authors":"J. Donovan","doi":"10.3362/1755-1986.2019.30-2.ed","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.2019.30-2.ed","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39025,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise Development and Microfinance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47226974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.3362/1755-1986.18-00015
Juliet U. Elu, G. Price, Miesha J. Williams
Among countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Mozambique ranks among the highest with respect to gender inequality. As genderized access to microcredit can be a driver of gender inequality in general, this paper considers how gender conditions access to microcredit and macrocredit in Mozambique. With diary data on financial activities among individuals in Mozambican smallholder households, we estimate the quantile treatment effect of being a woman on the receipt of microcredit. Methodologically, our quantile treatment framework enables an analysis of loan size based upon the actual size distribution of monetary loans among smallholder households in Mozambique. Parameter estimates reveal that being a woman in Mozambique has a positive treatment effect on two types of informal loans in the top quantiles of the loan size distribution. This suggests that in Mozambique, to the extent that loans in the top quantiles are made to entereprenuers, microcredit can potentially catalyse gender-inclusive economic growth and development.
{"title":"Gender and microcredit in Sub-Saharan Africa: The case of Mozambican smallholder households","authors":"Juliet U. Elu, G. Price, Miesha J. Williams","doi":"10.3362/1755-1986.18-00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.18-00015","url":null,"abstract":"Among countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Mozambique ranks among the highest with respect to gender inequality. As genderized access to microcredit can be a driver of gender inequality in general, this paper considers how gender conditions access to microcredit and macrocredit in Mozambique. With diary data on financial activities among individuals in Mozambican smallholder households, we estimate the quantile treatment effect of being a woman on the receipt of microcredit. Methodologically, our quantile treatment framework enables an analysis of loan size based upon the actual size distribution of monetary loans among smallholder households in Mozambique. Parameter estimates reveal that being a woman in Mozambique has a positive treatment effect on two types of informal loans in the top quantiles of the loan size distribution. This suggests that in Mozambique, to the extent that loans in the top quantiles are made to entereprenuers, microcredit can potentially catalyse gender-inclusive economic growth and development.","PeriodicalId":39025,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise Development and Microfinance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3362/1755-1986.18-00015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43597496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.3362/1755-1986.17-00023
N. Mori, E. Richard, Mary C. Swai
This article examines the effect of credit officers’ demographic features on risk management in microfinance institutions (MFIs). The paper utilizes a dataset of 200 credit officers from 20 MFIs in Tanzania. Descriptive analyses and econometric models are used for analysis. Credit officers’ work experience, age, and education level influence credit risk management as measured by portfolio at risk. Based on the information asymmetry theory, the study observed that the gender, marital status, and the location of MFIs do not influence credit risk management. MFIs should consider the demographic profile of their credit officers and employ educated, skilled, and experienced personnel for screening and monitoring the use of the loan to reduce the risk of the loan not being repaid. The study contributes to the theory by showing that experience and education matter in terms of organizations’ ability to reduce information asymmetry problems, which in turn helps risk management.
{"title":"Demographic characteristics of credit officers and risk management in MFIs in Tanzania","authors":"N. Mori, E. Richard, Mary C. Swai","doi":"10.3362/1755-1986.17-00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.17-00023","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the effect of credit officers’ demographic features on risk management in microfinance institutions (MFIs). The paper utilizes a dataset of 200 credit officers from 20 MFIs in Tanzania. Descriptive analyses and econometric models are used for analysis. Credit officers’ work experience, age, and education level influence credit risk management as measured by portfolio at risk. Based on the information asymmetry theory, the study observed that the gender, marital status, and the location of MFIs do not influence credit risk management. MFIs should consider the demographic profile of their credit officers and employ educated, skilled, and experienced personnel for screening and monitoring the use of the loan to reduce the risk of the loan not being repaid. The study contributes to the theory by showing that experience and education matter in terms of organizations’ ability to reduce information asymmetry problems, which in turn helps risk management.","PeriodicalId":39025,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise Development and Microfinance","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69467161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.3362/1755-1986.18-00018
R. Leite, Jamil Civitarese
We show that there is no causal relation between the percentage of female borrowers in an MFI portfolio and MFI financial outcomes, by using two Latin American samples. Moreover, we present evidence that MFIs are motivated agents that increase their percentage of female borrowers in order to help a segment of the population that is largely neglected. We also show the important role of non-profit MFIs in this regard.
{"title":"MFIs as motivated agents or financial maximizers? Latin American evidence from female portfolio share","authors":"R. Leite, Jamil Civitarese","doi":"10.3362/1755-1986.18-00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.18-00018","url":null,"abstract":"We show that there is no causal relation between the percentage of female borrowers in an MFI portfolio and MFI financial outcomes, by using two Latin American samples. Moreover, we present evidence that MFIs are motivated agents that increase their percentage of female borrowers in order to help a segment of the population that is largely neglected. We also show the important role of non-profit MFIs in this regard.","PeriodicalId":39025,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise Development and Microfinance","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69467205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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