The present paper wants to contribute to the knowledge of the tunnel effects on driving performance and safety using the advanced technology of driving simulator. Specifically this study presents the first results of a wider research aimed at establishing how drivers behave inside road tunnel as well as approaching it and exiting from it. Moreover the study verifies a correlation between accident rates and an advanced indicator of simulation computed inside tunnel sections. A highway scenario with eight existing tunnels is reproduced in CRISS driving simulator and several driving parameters are recorded among a sample of twenty-five drivers. Tunnel scenario (TS) data are processed and compared with those of a control scenario (CS), characterized by the same road geometries and alignment of the first one, but without any tunnels. Results confirm previous findings of naturalistic and simulator driving studies about drivers performance inside road tunnels, with significant differences of longitudinal speeds, acceleration and lateral position recorded along the TS and the CS. Moreover the literature safety indicator of driving simulation Pathologic Discomfort (PD) is computed in order to 1) assess the length of approaching and exiting sections of road tunnel and 2) verify PD correlation with the accident rate recorded inside each tunnel. Simulator limitations and future directions of the research are discussed in order to provide guidelines for practical application to road tunnel design and safety measures, taking in account driving performance.
{"title":"A Study of the Effects of Road Tunnel on Driver Behavior and Road Safety Using Driving Simulator","authors":"A. Calvi, F. D’Amico","doi":"10.4399/97888548611764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4399/97888548611764","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper wants to contribute to the knowledge of the tunnel effects on driving performance and safety using the advanced technology of driving simulator. Specifically this study presents the first results of a wider research aimed at establishing how drivers behave inside road tunnel as well as approaching it and exiting from it. Moreover the study verifies a correlation between accident rates and an advanced indicator of simulation computed inside tunnel sections. A highway scenario with eight existing tunnels is reproduced in CRISS driving simulator and several driving parameters are recorded among a sample of twenty-five drivers. Tunnel scenario (TS) data are processed and compared with those of a control scenario (CS), characterized by the same road geometries and alignment of the first one, but without any tunnels. Results confirm previous findings of naturalistic and simulator driving studies about drivers performance inside road tunnels, with significant differences of longitudinal speeds, acceleration and lateral position recorded along the TS and the CS. Moreover the literature safety indicator of driving simulation Pathologic Discomfort (PD) is computed in order to 1) assess the length of approaching and exiting sections of road tunnel and 2) verify PD correlation with the accident rate recorded inside each tunnel. Simulator limitations and future directions of the research are discussed in order to provide guidelines for practical application to road tunnel design and safety measures, taking in account driving performance.","PeriodicalId":39032,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Transportation Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":"59-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4399/97888548611764","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70745197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study developed a nonlinear family of car-following models that emulate driving behavior in congested freeway traffic conditions. The study developed separate sub-models for acceleration and deceleration responses. The study calibrated these models using individual vehicle trajectory data for "automobile following automobile" collected on a segment of Interstate 101 in Los Angeles, California. The study used nonlinear regression with robust standard errors to estimate the model parameters and to obtain their distributions across drivers. The stimulus response thresholds that delimited the acceleration and deceleration responses were determined based on Signal Detection Theory. The results indicated that the average driver's response time lag was lower for the deceleration response than for the acceleration response. This result was expected, since deceleration response is related to safety, therefore, drivers tend to respond faster than for acceleration response. The acceleration response is related to drivers' desire to attain maximum speed, which is a less critical need than deceleration response. Due to similar reasons, the results also showed that the average stimulus response threshold was lower for deceleration response than acceleration response. Furthermore, the deceleration response had higher magnitude of parameters than the acceleration response, which further indicated that, on the average, drivers were more aggressive when required to decelerate than when they wanted to accelerate. Additionally, drivers' response to negative stimuli is sometimes further aided by the activation of brake lights for a leading vehicle that is braking.
{"title":"Nonlinear Acceleration and Deceleration Response Behavior in Stimulus-Response Car-Following Models","authors":"Saidi Siuhi, M. Kaseko","doi":"10.4399/97888548663246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4399/97888548663246","url":null,"abstract":"This study developed a nonlinear family of car-following models that emulate driving behavior in congested freeway traffic conditions. The study developed separate sub-models for acceleration and deceleration responses. The study calibrated these models using individual vehicle trajectory data for \"automobile following automobile\" collected on a segment of Interstate 101 in Los Angeles, California. The study used nonlinear regression with robust standard errors to estimate the model parameters and to obtain their distributions across drivers. The stimulus response thresholds that delimited the acceleration and deceleration responses were determined based on Signal Detection Theory. The results indicated that the average driver's response time lag was lower for the deceleration response than for the acceleration response. This result was expected, since deceleration response is related to safety, therefore, drivers tend to respond faster than for acceleration response. The acceleration response is related to drivers' desire to attain maximum speed, which is a less critical need than deceleration response. Due to similar reasons, the results also showed that the average stimulus response threshold was lower for deceleration response than acceleration response. Furthermore, the deceleration response had higher magnitude of parameters than the acceleration response, which further indicated that, on the average, drivers were more aggressive when required to decelerate than when they wanted to accelerate. Additionally, drivers' response to negative stimuli is sometimes further aided by the activation of brake lights for a leading vehicle that is braking.","PeriodicalId":39032,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Transportation Studies","volume":"31 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4399/97888548663246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70745252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Yannis, A. Laiou, S. Vardaki, E. Papadimitriou, Anastasios Dragomanovits, G. Kanellaidis
This article reports on a study of motorcycle helmet use in Greece. The authors remind readers that wearing a helmet is the single most effective way of reducing head injuries and fatalities resulting from motorcycle crashes. They conducted an on-site observational survey and then developed a binary logistic regression model to analyze the data. The independent variables used were time of the day, motorcycle type, road type and riders’ characteristics (gender, age and position on the motorcycle, i.e., driver or passenger). Pseudo-elasticity values for all variables were calculated in order to quantify the impact of each variable on helmet use. The authors found low rates of helmet use. However, the rates were higher in rural than in urban areas and higher for drivers of large motorcycles. The authors conclude that motorcycle helmet wearing should be rigorously enforced at a population level. Community education campaigns for motorcyclists should also be promoted and public awareness of the crash risk associated with riding without a helmet should be increased.
{"title":"A Statistical Analysis of Motorcycle Helmet Wearing in Greece","authors":"G. Yannis, A. Laiou, S. Vardaki, E. Papadimitriou, Anastasios Dragomanovits, G. Kanellaidis","doi":"10.4399/97888548486725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4399/97888548486725","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports on a study of motorcycle helmet use in Greece. The authors remind readers that wearing a helmet is the single most effective way of reducing head injuries and fatalities resulting from motorcycle crashes. They conducted an on-site observational survey and then developed a binary logistic regression model to analyze the data. The independent variables used were time of the day, motorcycle type, road type and riders’ characteristics (gender, age and position on the motorcycle, i.e., driver or passenger). Pseudo-elasticity values for all variables were calculated in order to quantify the impact of each variable on helmet use. The authors found low rates of helmet use. However, the rates were higher in rural than in urban areas and higher for drivers of large motorcycles. The authors conclude that motorcycle helmet wearing should be rigorously enforced at a population level. Community education campaigns for motorcyclists should also be promoted and public awareness of the crash risk associated with riding without a helmet should be increased.","PeriodicalId":39032,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Transportation Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4399/97888548486725","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70745138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this research is to create an overall picture of pedestrians' road safety in European countries, to identify factors associated with increased pedestrian fatality risk, and to propose countermeasures for the improvement of pedestrians road safety in Europe. In particular, data on pedestrians' fatalities for the period 1997-2006 from 19 EU countries, extracted from the EU CARE database, are associated with basic road safety factors like pedestrian's age and gender (with particular focus on children and the elderly), lighting conditions, area type (inside / outside urban area) as well as seasonality. Both overall trends and countries comparisons are examined, whereas pedestrians' accident risk rates (fatalities per population) are also estimated. The results suggest that, although pedestrian fatalities in Europe present a decreasing trend, pedestrian fatality rates are still increased in Southern European countries, as well as in the new Member States. Moreover, pedestrian fatalities are increased inside urban areas, at night-time and during the winter, whereas children and the elderly remain the most vulnerable groups. These results are further discussed in relation to pedestrians risk exposure. Finally, a review of various road safety measures from the international experience is carried out and specific areas of action are proposed in the light of these results. Keywords - pedestrians, risk factors, road safety, Europe Language: en
{"title":"About Pedestrian Safety in Europe","authors":"G. Yannis, E. Papadimitriou, P. Evgenikos","doi":"10.4399/97888548415121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4399/97888548415121","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research is to create an overall picture of pedestrians' road safety in European countries, to identify factors associated with increased pedestrian fatality risk, and to propose countermeasures for the improvement of pedestrians road safety in Europe. In particular, data on pedestrians' fatalities for the period 1997-2006 from 19 EU countries, extracted from the EU CARE database, are associated with basic road safety factors like pedestrian's age and gender (with particular focus on children and the elderly), lighting conditions, area type (inside / outside urban area) as well as seasonality. Both overall trends and countries comparisons are examined, whereas pedestrians' accident risk rates (fatalities per population) are also estimated. The results suggest that, although pedestrian fatalities in Europe present a decreasing trend, pedestrian fatality rates are still increased in Southern European countries, as well as in the new Member States. Moreover, pedestrian fatalities are increased inside urban areas, at night-time and during the winter, whereas children and the elderly remain the most vulnerable groups. These results are further discussed in relation to pedestrians risk exposure. Finally, a review of various road safety measures from the international experience is carried out and specific areas of action are proposed in the light of these results. Keywords - pedestrians, risk factors, road safety, Europe Language: en","PeriodicalId":39032,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Transportation Studies","volume":"24 1","pages":"5-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70745171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bener, A. Yousif, M. A. Al-Malki, I. El-Jack, M. Bener
Number of vehicles registered and population growth are predictors for traffic injuries and fatalities. Qatar has witnessed during the last two decades considerable increase both in terms of population growth and vehicle registration. Ever since 1940s many researchers have tried to define a model that could be implemented to predict road traffic fatalities anywhere in the world. To this date there is no universal model that could accurately predict traffic fatalities in any country due to the existence of difference in environmental and infrastructures. The objective of this paper was to estimate the road traffic fatalities using regression analyses formula and compare the results with Smeed's equation for estimating fatalities. The study also aimed to examine the relationship between economic growth and traffic fatalities. We have used the data on Gross Domestic Product, vehicles, population and fatalities during the period from 1990 to 2006 of the State of Qatar and analysed the data for fatalities estimate using both the equations of regression and Smeed to find the error. The results of this study show that Smeed's formula leads to a remarkably higher estimation of road traffic fatalities in Qatar than the estimate fatality by regression. The fatality estimate has been consistently rising over the past two decades. The figure shows that there is a positive association between the economic growth and traffic fatalities. In conclusion, the current study has shown that the regression analysis estimate gives better and reliable road traffic fatalities than Smeed's fatality estimation in Qatar. In Qatar, it appeared that GDP growth is associated with a rise in traffic deaths.
{"title":"Is Road Traffic Fatalities Affected by Economic Growth and Urbanization Development","authors":"A. Bener, A. Yousif, M. A. Al-Malki, I. El-Jack, M. Bener","doi":"10.4399/97888548388648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4399/97888548388648","url":null,"abstract":"Number of vehicles registered and population growth are predictors for traffic injuries and fatalities. Qatar has witnessed during the last two decades considerable increase both in terms of population growth and vehicle registration. Ever since 1940s many researchers have tried to define a model that could be implemented to predict road traffic fatalities anywhere in the world. To this date there is no universal model that could accurately predict traffic fatalities in any country due to the existence of difference in environmental and infrastructures. The objective of this paper was to estimate the road traffic fatalities using regression analyses formula and compare the results with Smeed's equation for estimating fatalities. The study also aimed to examine the relationship between economic growth and traffic fatalities. We have used the data on Gross Domestic Product, vehicles, population and fatalities during the period from 1990 to 2006 of the State of Qatar and analysed the data for fatalities estimate using both the equations of regression and Smeed to find the error. The results of this study show that Smeed's formula leads to a remarkably higher estimation of road traffic fatalities in Qatar than the estimate fatality by regression. The fatality estimate has been consistently rising over the past two decades. The figure shows that there is a positive association between the economic growth and traffic fatalities. In conclusion, the current study has shown that the regression analysis estimate gives better and reliable road traffic fatalities than Smeed's fatality estimation in Qatar. In Qatar, it appeared that GDP growth is associated with a rise in traffic deaths.","PeriodicalId":39032,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Transportation Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"89-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70745119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of route diversion for reducing the real-time crash risk along a typical urban freeway. The PARAMICS micro-simulation software package was used to simulate the Interstate-4 corridor in Florida. The crash risk along the freeway was determined using models created by the authors that yielded values of both the rear-end and lane-change crash risks using real-time loop detector data. Route diversion was applied at different network loading levels to determine the effects of diverting vehicles at different levels of congestion. The study shows that route diversion is an effective crash prevention strategy when the freeway is operating in uncongested conditions. In this situation, the crash risk decreases between the locations where vehicles are diverted from and where the diverted vehicles re-enter the freeway. In general, diverting more vehicles and diverting vehicles further downstream serves to improve the overall safety benefits experienced. The only downside to diverting more vehicles or diverting them further downstream is the increased overall travel time; however, the travel time increase encountered in this study was within acceptable limits of about 5% during the uncongested conditions.
{"title":"Using Traffic Micro-Simulation to Test Route Diversion as a Real-Time Crash Prevention Strategy on Freeways","authors":"M. Abdel-Aty, V. Gayah","doi":"10.4399/97888548388642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4399/97888548388642","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of route diversion for reducing the real-time crash risk along a typical urban freeway. The PARAMICS micro-simulation software package was used to simulate the Interstate-4 corridor in Florida. The crash risk along the freeway was determined using models created by the authors that yielded values of both the rear-end and lane-change crash risks using real-time loop detector data. Route diversion was applied at different network loading levels to determine the effects of diverting vehicles at different levels of congestion. The study shows that route diversion is an effective crash prevention strategy when the freeway is operating in uncongested conditions. In this situation, the crash risk decreases between the locations where vehicles are diverted from and where the diverted vehicles re-enter the freeway. In general, diverting more vehicles and diverting vehicles further downstream serves to improve the overall safety benefits experienced. The only downside to diverting more vehicles or diverting them further downstream is the increased overall travel time; however, the travel time increase encountered in this study was within acceptable limits of about 5% during the uncongested conditions.","PeriodicalId":39032,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Transportation Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70745354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We applied the cross-nested logit (CNL) model to home-based trips reported in the 2001 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) database to explain individuals' choices of trip type and mode to use. We also compared the CNL model results to those from the nested-logit (NL) model and the network Generalized Extreme Value (Network GEV) model. Alternative modes (private, public, walk and other) are available to each of the four trip purposes (home-based work, home-based shopping, home-based recreational, and homebased other), namely the nests. The results indicated that the CNL model conveniently models decisions on trip type and mode to use made by individual travelers. Its results are comparable to those of the network GEV model. The models identify the impact of individuals' socioeconomics and alternative attributes on trip type and mode choices. The presence of children in a household increases the probability of choosing a private mode while it decreases the probability of using public transport or walk. Private mode and public transport were more attractive to travelers than walking when considering the combined trip distance and travel time. Individuals from households with higher income prefer private mode to public transportation. However, income is not a significant factor on a decision to walk. Since the data used is a national-wide database, a study in which a different data set collected locally is recommended. The NHTS data set may suffer from spatial variation among the travelers and hence produce inconclusive results.
{"title":"A Cross-Nested Logit Model for Trip Type-Mode Choice: An Application","authors":"Valerian Kwigizile, D. Chimba, T. Sando","doi":"10.4399/97888548388643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4399/97888548388643","url":null,"abstract":"We applied the cross-nested logit (CNL) model to home-based trips reported in the 2001 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) database to explain individuals' choices of trip type and mode to use. We also compared the CNL model results to those from the nested-logit (NL) model and the network Generalized Extreme Value (Network GEV) model. Alternative modes (private, public, walk and other) are available to each of the four trip purposes (home-based work, home-based shopping, home-based recreational, and homebased other), namely the nests. The results indicated that the CNL model conveniently models decisions on trip type and mode to use made by individual travelers. Its results are comparable to those of the network GEV model. The models identify the impact of individuals' socioeconomics and alternative attributes on trip type and mode choices. The presence of children in a household increases the probability of choosing a private mode while it decreases the probability of using public transport or walk. Private mode and public transport were more attractive to travelers than walking when considering the combined trip distance and travel time. Individuals from households with higher income prefer private mode to public transportation. However, income is not a significant factor on a decision to walk. Since the data used is a national-wide database, a study in which a different data set collected locally is recommended. The NHTS data set may suffer from spatial variation among the travelers and hence produce inconclusive results.","PeriodicalId":39032,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Transportation Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"29-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70745520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ming-Heng Wang, R. Benekohal, H. Ramezani, H. Nassiri, J. C. Medina, Ali Hajbabaie
This paper investigated the headway distribution of platooning vehicles in work zones with and without automated Speed Photo Enforcement (SPE). Data from two work zones were collected and analyzed. The portion of vehicles traveling with a very short headway (less than 0.7 sec) was also examined. In addition, the behavior of vehicles near the law enforcement vehicles was analyzed in terms of applying brakes and changing lane in one of the work zones. The results indicated that the mean headway of cars in the median lane significantly increased in both work zones when the SPE van was present compared to the base condition. For trucks, the mean headway increase was significant only in the shoulder lane when the SPE was present. This is a beneficial effect and indicates that drivers had a longer time to react to the lead vehicles. It was also found that the proportion of cars traveling with a very short headway in the median lane significantly decreased when a SPE van was present at one work zone (I-64). In the shoulder lane, no very short headway was observed when SPE was implemented. The difference in braking behavior was not significant when SPE was compared to police car presence. However, lane changing behavior was significantly different for cars traveling in the median lane and also for trucks traveling in the shoulder lane. The proportion of cars changing lanes was 5 percent with a police car present and increased to 8 percent when the SPE van was present. A significant number of trucks changed lanes from the shoulder to the median when the police car was present to comply with state law.
{"title":"Safety and Headway Characteristics in Highway Work Zones with Automated Speed Enforcement","authors":"Ming-Heng Wang, R. Benekohal, H. Ramezani, H. Nassiri, J. C. Medina, Ali Hajbabaie","doi":"10.4399/97888548388646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4399/97888548388646","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigated the headway distribution of platooning vehicles in work zones with and without automated Speed Photo Enforcement (SPE). Data from two work zones were collected and analyzed. The portion of vehicles traveling with a very short headway (less than 0.7 sec) was also examined. In addition, the behavior of vehicles near the law enforcement vehicles was analyzed in terms of applying brakes and changing lane in one of the work zones. The results indicated that the mean headway of cars in the median lane significantly increased in both work zones when the SPE van was present compared to the base condition. For trucks, the mean headway increase was significant only in the shoulder lane when the SPE was present. This is a beneficial effect and indicates that drivers had a longer time to react to the lead vehicles. It was also found that the proportion of cars traveling with a very short headway in the median lane significantly decreased when a SPE van was present at one work zone (I-64). In the shoulder lane, no very short headway was observed when SPE was implemented. The difference in braking behavior was not significant when SPE was compared to police car presence. However, lane changing behavior was significantly different for cars traveling in the median lane and also for trucks traveling in the shoulder lane. The proportion of cars changing lanes was 5 percent with a police car present and increased to 8 percent when the SPE van was present. A significant number of trucks changed lanes from the shoulder to the median when the police car was present to comply with state law.","PeriodicalId":39032,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Transportation Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"67-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70745434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current geometric design policies use passenger cars as design vehicles, while truck operational and dynamic characteristics are not included or not addressed consistently. Furthermore, critical geometric design parameters such as horizontal curves radii are determined without consideration of the effect of vertical alignment. The objective of this work is to investigate whether critical road sections such as reverse horizontal curves with spiral curves, can accommodate typical heavy vehicles with safety. The analysis was focused on rural and suburban two-lane roads with undivided pavement that produce the largest accident rates. By means of "road - driver - vehicle" simulation system developed in TruckSim, the vehicle dynamic response to inputs from the immediate environment is analyzed, while same kind of outputs that might be measured with physical tests involving instrumented vehicles are calculated and plotted. Results indicated that horizontal curves minimum radii that are implemented according to several design criteria, can not be used in conjunction with the allowed interval of grades, and that the table of minimum radii must comprehend a limitation for the applicable grade. Otherwise, exclusively speed limits depending on the road geometry or larger radii must be used in order to adequately accommodate heavy vehicles.
{"title":"Assessment of the design of reverse horizontal curves to accommodate heavy vehicles based on simulation","authors":"Evanthia Kazagli, B. Psarianos","doi":"10.4399/97888548388641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4399/97888548388641","url":null,"abstract":"Current geometric design policies use passenger cars as design vehicles, while truck operational and dynamic characteristics are not included or not addressed consistently. Furthermore, critical geometric design parameters such as horizontal curves radii are determined without consideration of the effect of vertical alignment. The objective of this work is to investigate whether critical road sections such as reverse horizontal curves with spiral curves, can accommodate typical heavy vehicles with safety. The analysis was focused on rural and suburban two-lane roads with undivided pavement that produce the largest accident rates. By means of \"road - driver - vehicle\" simulation system developed in TruckSim, the vehicle dynamic response to inputs from the immediate environment is analyzed, while same kind of outputs that might be measured with physical tests involving instrumented vehicles are calculated and plotted. Results indicated that horizontal curves minimum radii that are implemented according to several design criteria, can not be used in conjunction with the allowed interval of grades, and that the table of minimum radii must comprehend a limitation for the applicable grade. Otherwise, exclusively speed limits depending on the road geometry or larger radii must be used in order to adequately accommodate heavy vehicles.","PeriodicalId":39032,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Transportation Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"5-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70745326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents an innovative research on the pedestrian safety on multi-lane high-speed arterials based on a case example of US 19 in Pinellas County, Florida. The corridor's crash data and infrastructure information were collected and reviewed in detail, after which recommendations were made to reduce crashes involving pedestrians along the corridor. A correlation analysis was conducted to reveal the relationship between the pedestrian crash and access density, transit stop density, and lighting level. Countermeasure recommendations included innovative approaches to pedestrian safety based on a comprehensive review of recent national and international studies. The countermeasures included engineering, enforcement, and human behavior modification tactics. It is expected that the countermeasures identified for this high speed and multi-lane corridor shall be applicable along the remainder of US 19 and similar principal arterials in other regions.
{"title":"A case study of pedestrian safety on multi-lane high-speed arterials","authors":"Huaguo Zhou, Damian Miller, P. Hsu","doi":"10.4399/97888548388647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4399/97888548388647","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an innovative research on the pedestrian safety on multi-lane high-speed arterials based on a case example of US 19 in Pinellas County, Florida. The corridor's crash data and infrastructure information were collected and reviewed in detail, after which recommendations were made to reduce crashes involving pedestrians along the corridor. A correlation analysis was conducted to reveal the relationship between the pedestrian crash and access density, transit stop density, and lighting level. Countermeasure recommendations included innovative approaches to pedestrian safety based on a comprehensive review of recent national and international studies. The countermeasures included engineering, enforcement, and human behavior modification tactics. It is expected that the countermeasures identified for this high speed and multi-lane corridor shall be applicable along the remainder of US 19 and similar principal arterials in other regions.","PeriodicalId":39032,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Transportation Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"77-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70745064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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