Loch Mhòr in Scotland is the upper reservoir of the Foyers pumped storage hydro-electric scheme. The reservoir has operated below its storage capacity for some time. A project was initiated to develop options to increase the storage capacity and remove existing restrictions on the scheme due to leakage and seepage experienced at the main spillweir. The project evolved to include satisfying a Measure to be taken in the Interests Of Safety (MIOS) associated with the spillweir, which was issued under the Reservoirs (Scotland) Act 2011 (HMG, 2011) – hereinafter referred to as the Act. As a nation the effort and work to achieve Net Zero is progressing. In the case of Loch Mhòr, the impact of the project on a national scale is small; however, it remains a step forward in achieving the Net Zero goal.
{"title":"Maintaining our Dams and Contributing Towards Net Zero","authors":"M. Jack","doi":"10.1680/jdare.22.00098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jdare.22.00098","url":null,"abstract":"Loch Mhòr in Scotland is the upper reservoir of the Foyers pumped storage hydro-electric scheme. The reservoir has operated below its storage capacity for some time. A project was initiated to develop options to increase the storage capacity and remove existing restrictions on the scheme due to leakage and seepage experienced at the main spillweir. The project evolved to include satisfying a Measure to be taken in the Interests Of Safety (MIOS) associated with the spillweir, which was issued under the Reservoirs (Scotland) Act 2011 (HMG, 2011) – hereinafter referred to as the Act. As a nation the effort and work to achieve Net Zero is progressing. In the case of Loch Mhòr, the impact of the project on a national scale is small; however, it remains a step forward in achieving the Net Zero goal.","PeriodicalId":39070,"journal":{"name":"Dams and Reservoirs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49538953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Welsh Government enacted an amendment to the Reservoirs Act 1975 reducing the qualifying capacity of large raised reservoirs to 10,000m3 from 25,000m3. This led to an increase in the number of reservoirs falling within the Reservoirs Act in Wales. In 2019, Natural Resources Wales (NRW) appointed Arcadis to undertake the production of a suite of reservoir inundation maps for over 180 reservoirs across Wales using the Environment Agency's Reservoir Flood Mapping specification. Following production of these maps an opinion on the risk designation was provided. Throughout the project several Arcadis teams collaborated to produce project specific documentation, develop tools for automation, run hydraulic models and produce the mapping, in line with the specification requirements. Upon request by NRW, modelling of the cascades was modified, allowing cascade reservoirs to breach due to a fluvial scenario. Following this modification, it became apparent some cascade reservoirs were being incorrectly triggered. Therefore, further changes to how cascade reservoirs were modelled were made to ensure they were triggered correctly.
{"title":"Managing the dam breach modelling and mapping of reservoirs in Wales","authors":"Emma Bullen","doi":"10.1680/jdare.22.00095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jdare.22.00095","url":null,"abstract":"The Welsh Government enacted an amendment to the Reservoirs Act 1975 reducing the qualifying capacity of large raised reservoirs to 10,000m3 from 25,000m3. This led to an increase in the number of reservoirs falling within the Reservoirs Act in Wales. In 2019, Natural Resources Wales (NRW) appointed Arcadis to undertake the production of a suite of reservoir inundation maps for over 180 reservoirs across Wales using the Environment Agency's Reservoir Flood Mapping specification. Following production of these maps an opinion on the risk designation was provided. Throughout the project several Arcadis teams collaborated to produce project specific documentation, develop tools for automation, run hydraulic models and produce the mapping, in line with the specification requirements. Upon request by NRW, modelling of the cascades was modified, allowing cascade reservoirs to breach due to a fluvial scenario. Following this modification, it became apparent some cascade reservoirs were being incorrectly triggered. Therefore, further changes to how cascade reservoirs were modelled were made to ensure they were triggered correctly.","PeriodicalId":39070,"journal":{"name":"Dams and Reservoirs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44026879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grassholme Reservoir is a large impounding reservoir commissioned in 1914 in the Lunedale Valley of County Durham. The most recent statutory inspection in 2016 resulted in a ‘Measures in the Interests of Safety’ (MIOS) recommendation to investigate and rectify a suspected unstable embankment slope between the reservoir and an adjacent watercourse. In November 2021, the stability works were completed to the satisfaction of the Qualified Civil Engineer and the MIOS recommendation discharged. A total of around 20,000 m³ of selected clay fill was used to construct a reinforced earth slope with an interlocking concrete block wall at the toe. As a consequence of stabilising the northern embankment, the adjacent Carl Beck was diverted through a buried pipe until realigned in spring 2022. The aim of this paper is to summarise and illustrate the various complexities associated with stabilising the northern embankment and realigning the existing watercourse, such as mitigating the loss of ancient woodland, managing complex ecological constraints and mitigating land access delays from the offset.
{"title":"Grassholme Reservoir: northern embankment stabilisation works","authors":"I. Hutchinson","doi":"10.1680/jdare.22.00094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jdare.22.00094","url":null,"abstract":"Grassholme Reservoir is a large impounding reservoir commissioned in 1914 in the Lunedale Valley of County Durham. The most recent statutory inspection in 2016 resulted in a ‘Measures in the Interests of Safety’ (MIOS) recommendation to investigate and rectify a suspected unstable embankment slope between the reservoir and an adjacent watercourse. In November 2021, the stability works were completed to the satisfaction of the Qualified Civil Engineer and the MIOS recommendation discharged. A total of around 20,000 m³ of selected clay fill was used to construct a reinforced earth slope with an interlocking concrete block wall at the toe. As a consequence of stabilising the northern embankment, the adjacent Carl Beck was diverted through a buried pipe until realigned in spring 2022. The aim of this paper is to summarise and illustrate the various complexities associated with stabilising the northern embankment and realigning the existing watercourse, such as mitigating the loss of ancient woodland, managing complex ecological constraints and mitigating land access delays from the offset.","PeriodicalId":39070,"journal":{"name":"Dams and Reservoirs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45983968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Barpi, Valter Pascucci, Carlo Ricciardi, P. Salandin, G. Scarpelli
The paper describes the Italian technical regulations for dams and barrages issued in 2014 by the Minister of Infrastructure and Transport, where substantial changes in the existing rules are introduced by suggesting a design approach based on the semi-probabilistic method at limit states. The paper highlights the most innovative aspects as well as the critical issues, suggests some improvements and underlines the need for further updating of the legislation.
{"title":"Recent developments in the Italian technical rules for dams and barrages","authors":"F. Barpi, Valter Pascucci, Carlo Ricciardi, P. Salandin, G. Scarpelli","doi":"10.1680/jdare.22.00096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jdare.22.00096","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the Italian technical regulations for dams and barrages issued in 2014 by the Minister of Infrastructure and Transport, where substantial changes in the existing rules are introduced by suggesting a design approach based on the semi-probabilistic method at limit states. The paper highlights the most innovative aspects as well as the critical issues, suggests some improvements and underlines the need for further updating of the legislation.","PeriodicalId":39070,"journal":{"name":"Dams and Reservoirs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47363849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1680/jdare.2022.32.1.1
{"title":"Editorial","authors":"","doi":"10.1680/jdare.2022.32.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jdare.2022.32.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39070,"journal":{"name":"Dams and Reservoirs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48493631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1680/jdare.2022.32.1.2
Alan Brown, A. Courtnadge, J. Gosden
This paper describes key issues relating to the Ministerial Direction to prepare flood plans, issued in April 2021, and how and why the interpretation of the authors differs from that of the Environment Agency Reservoir Safety Team.
{"title":"Flood plans in England","authors":"Alan Brown, A. Courtnadge, J. Gosden","doi":"10.1680/jdare.2022.32.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jdare.2022.32.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes key issues relating to the Ministerial Direction to prepare flood plans, issued in April 2021, and how and why the interpretation of the authors differs from that of the Environment Agency Reservoir Safety Team.","PeriodicalId":39070,"journal":{"name":"Dams and Reservoirs","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41318244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 2020 Binnie lecture delivered to the British Dam Society on 5th October 2020 is being published in two parts. This first part is a description of three significant projects that were important in my early development and maturing as a dam engineer, drawing out some of the lessons I have leaned on through the rest of my career. One of my underlying thoughts in selecting this theme, was to show how access to such a variety of experiences made it far easier to acquire the knowledge and experience required of a panel engineer when I started, than it is today. The second part presents some views on the development of our current reservoir inspection practice, which may be helpful in the light of the reducing numbers of All Reservoirs Panel engineers.
{"title":"Binnie lecture 2020: 45 years of dam engineering, part 1","authors":"J. Gosden","doi":"10.1680/jdare.21.00099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jdare.21.00099","url":null,"abstract":"The 2020 Binnie lecture delivered to the British Dam Society on 5th October 2020 is being published in two parts. This first part is a description of three significant projects that were important in my early development and maturing as a dam engineer, drawing out some of the lessons I have leaned on through the rest of my career. One of my underlying thoughts in selecting this theme, was to show how access to such a variety of experiences made it far easier to acquire the knowledge and experience required of a panel engineer when I started, than it is today. The second part presents some views on the development of our current reservoir inspection practice, which may be helpful in the light of the reducing numbers of All Reservoirs Panel engineers.","PeriodicalId":39070,"journal":{"name":"Dams and Reservoirs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43264263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Defining shear strengths of concrete–rock contacts is extremely important for designing concrete structures such as arch and gravity concrete dams that are constructed on rock. Assessment of 34 large-scale in situ direct shear tests conducted on concrete–rock contacts of various roughnesses is presented in this paper. Evaluation of the peak strength results at moderate-to-low stress ranges, indicates that a non-linear trend with maximum at moderate roughness (joint roughness coefficient, JRC = 11–12) can reasonably represent relationships between peak and apparent shear strengths, shear stiffness and shear displacement relationships with respect to JRC. Apparent residual strength parameters appear to show a more linear Mohr–Coulomb to slightly non-linear trend with JRC and applied normal stress.
{"title":"Assessment of concrete–rock contact shear behaviour based on in situ shear tests","authors":"M. Zoorabadi, T. G. Carter","doi":"10.1680/jdare.21.00006a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jdare.21.00006a","url":null,"abstract":"Defining shear strengths of concrete–rock contacts is extremely important for designing concrete structures such as arch and gravity concrete dams that are constructed on rock. Assessment of 34 large-scale in situ direct shear tests conducted on concrete–rock contacts of various roughnesses is presented in this paper. Evaluation of the peak strength results at moderate-to-low stress ranges, indicates that a non-linear trend with maximum at moderate roughness (joint roughness coefficient, JRC = 11–12) can reasonably represent relationships between peak and apparent shear strengths, shear stiffness and shear displacement relationships with respect to JRC. Apparent residual strength parameters appear to show a more linear Mohr–Coulomb to slightly non-linear trend with JRC and applied normal stress.","PeriodicalId":39070,"journal":{"name":"Dams and Reservoirs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47871489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 2020 Binnie lecture delivered to the British Dam Society on 5th October 2020 is being published in two parts. The first part is a description of three significant projects that were important in my early development and maturing as a dam engineer. In the light of the reducing numbers of All Reservoirs Panel Engineers I had hoped to include some thoughts on the training of current day dam engineers, but time constraints have restricted my consideration to how they might be assisted with some suggested changes to practice in relation to my second theme. This second part presents some views on the development of our current reservoir inspection practice and how we might take this forward in a manner which can provide greater consistency, particularly in a world where Inspecting Engineers are unlikely to have had the richness of experience that was available to previous generations.
{"title":"Binnie Lecture 2020: 45 years of Dam Engineering, Part 2","authors":"J. Gosden","doi":"10.1680/jdare.21.00079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jdare.21.00079","url":null,"abstract":"The 2020 Binnie lecture delivered to the British Dam Society on 5th October 2020 is being published in two parts. The first part is a description of three significant projects that were important in my early development and maturing as a dam engineer. In the light of the reducing numbers of All Reservoirs Panel Engineers I had hoped to include some thoughts on the training of current day dam engineers, but time constraints have restricted my consideration to how they might be assisted with some suggested changes to practice in relation to my second theme. This second part presents some views on the development of our current reservoir inspection practice and how we might take this forward in a manner which can provide greater consistency, particularly in a world where Inspecting Engineers are unlikely to have had the richness of experience that was available to previous generations.","PeriodicalId":39070,"journal":{"name":"Dams and Reservoirs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45407918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In carrying out maintenance and rehabilitation investigations of three large overseas dams, there was a need to address the issue of providing up-to-date technology versus sustainability. The dams were built in the 1970s and used proven technology from that period. As a result of reduced investment, maintenance had been neglected for some time, resulting in much of the dam equipment being relegated from automatic to manual operation; in some cases, relying on operator knowledge and use of ‘work-arounds’. The challenge for the investigation was to return the dam equipment to full functionality and take advantage of developments in technology, while providing a sustainable solution. The balance between a state-of-the-art technical solution that meets accepted international standards and practices and operational sustainability can be difficult to attain, particularly in developing countries. The experience and knowledge of engineers who design or manage dams can encourage the use of innovative solutions, which may be at odds with the knowledge and training of those maintaining the dam, and availability of spare parts and service support. This paper will discuss how the balance of sustainability, reliability and redundancy affect the choice of design and, through examples, why there may not always be a single solution.
{"title":"Upgrading Mechanical & Electrical Systems","authors":"James Smith","doi":"10.1680/jdare.21.00089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jdare.21.00089","url":null,"abstract":"In carrying out maintenance and rehabilitation investigations of three large overseas dams, there was a need to address the issue of providing up-to-date technology versus sustainability. The dams were built in the 1970s and used proven technology from that period. As a result of reduced investment, maintenance had been neglected for some time, resulting in much of the dam equipment being relegated from automatic to manual operation; in some cases, relying on operator knowledge and use of ‘work-arounds’. The challenge for the investigation was to return the dam equipment to full functionality and take advantage of developments in technology, while providing a sustainable solution. The balance between a state-of-the-art technical solution that meets accepted international standards and practices and operational sustainability can be difficult to attain, particularly in developing countries. The experience and knowledge of engineers who design or manage dams can encourage the use of innovative solutions, which may be at odds with the knowledge and training of those maintaining the dam, and availability of spare parts and service support. This paper will discuss how the balance of sustainability, reliability and redundancy affect the choice of design and, through examples, why there may not always be a single solution.","PeriodicalId":39070,"journal":{"name":"Dams and Reservoirs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43465050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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