{"title":"Anxiety: Involvement of cannabinergic signaling and cross-talk with serotonergic and opioidergic pathways.","authors":"Timothy G. Freels, M. Cook","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"191 1","pages":"465-489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83460012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The brain of the psychopath: A systematic review of structural neuroimaging studies.","authors":"Eduardo J. Santana","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"237 1","pages":"420-443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72684486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Learning to read involves cross-modal binding processes, that is, the association between visual and phonological information in the mapping of written forms (graphemes) to phonological codes. The present study examined visual-phonological binding in a memory binding task, comparing a group of children with dyslexia with a control group of typical readers, matched for age, grade, and sex. Children were required to memorize the association between 8 shapes and nonwords presented in association for 4 times, placed either in fixed or variable spatial locations across trials. The results showed that children with dyslexia have deficits in cross-modal memory binding and are not able to use spatial location as an effective cue to bind information, as it was observed for control children. In addition, children with dyslexia made more phonological errors and binding errors than the control group. A purely phonological deficit in dyslexia does not explain the overall pattern of results, and dyslexia may involve deficits in 1 or more types of processes, including the capacity to bind visual to phonological information. Thus, assessment of binding processes may have implications both for diagnosis and treatment.
{"title":"Deficits in working memory visual-phonological binding in children with dyslexia.","authors":"Donatella Albano, R. B. Garcia, C. Cornoldi","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000066","url":null,"abstract":"Learning to read involves cross-modal binding processes, that is, the association between visual and phonological information in the mapping of written forms (graphemes) to phonological codes. The present study examined visual-phonological binding in a memory binding task, comparing a group of children with dyslexia with a control group of typical readers, matched for age, grade, and sex. Children were required to memorize the association between 8 shapes and nonwords presented in association for 4 times, placed either in fixed or variable spatial locations across trials. The results showed that children with dyslexia have deficits in cross-modal memory binding and are not able to use spatial location as an effective cue to bind information, as it was observed for control children. In addition, children with dyslexia made more phonological errors and binding errors than the control group. A purely phonological deficit in dyslexia does not explain the overall pattern of results, and dyslexia may involve deficits in 1 or more types of processes, including the capacity to bind visual to phonological information. Thus, assessment of binding processes may have implications both for diagnosis and treatment.","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"33 1","pages":"411-419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73292789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Introzzi, María Laura Andrés, L. Canet‐Juric, Florencia Stelzer, M. M. Richard’s
{"title":"The relationship between the rumination style and perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral inhibition.","authors":"I. Introzzi, María Laura Andrés, L. Canet‐Juric, Florencia Stelzer, M. M. Richard’s","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"26 1","pages":"444-456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88006271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui de Moraes, L. Kauffmann, S. Fukusima, J. Faubert
{"title":"Behavioral evidence for a predominant and nonlateralized coarse-to-fine encoding for face categorization.","authors":"Rui de Moraes, L. Kauffmann, S. Fukusima, J. Faubert","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"13 1","pages":"399-410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90414794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The recall modality affects the source-space effective connectivity in the θ-band during the retention of visual information.","authors":"K. A. Absatova, A. Kurgansky, R. Machinskaya","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"26 1","pages":"344-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77386935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aphasia literature frequently states that Wernicke’s area is responsible for language understanding. The aim of this study was to pinpoint the core function of Wernicke’s area. Neuroimaging and clinical data indicate that Wernicke’s area participates in phonological and lexical recognition. A mu
{"title":"The role of Wernicke's area in language comprehension.","authors":"A. Ardila, B. Bernal, M. Rosselli","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000060","url":null,"abstract":"The aphasia literature frequently states that Wernicke’s area is responsible for language understanding. The aim of this study was to pinpoint the core function of Wernicke’s area. Neuroimaging and clinical data indicate that Wernicke’s area participates in phonological and lexical recognition. A mu","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"54 1","pages":"340-343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89262756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Barbosa, C. Cardoso-Martins, Catharine H. Echols
{"title":"Child-Directed Speech and Its Impact on Early Vocabulary Acquisition: Evidence From Brazilian Portuguese.","authors":"P. Barbosa, C. Cardoso-Martins, Catharine H. Echols","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"45 1","pages":"326-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75940930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this theoretical article is to characterize the viewpoint of the “experiencing self,” as described in dual information processing theory, and apply it to a wide variety of diverse and important psychological and philosophical conundrums including stress and anxiety, identity, free will, duality, and the origins of insight. It first describes “two selves theory.” In it the rational-cognitive system relies on concepts, memory, and symbols as its raw materials. The experiential system relies on percepts, images, and present-moment experience. Because the experiential system intelligently processes percepts, and humans can only consciously understand concepts, its functioning has been hidden from our grasp. Using its defining characteristics, this paper will attempt to recreate and understand its view. Epstein’s “experiencing self” fits the characteristics of a self that only processes percepts. The reality it perceives meets criteria for a psychological unconscious. A fundamental cause of anxiety may originate from the stressful differences between what’s perceived and what’s conceived. The experiential information processing system may be inherently monist because perceptual reality has not yet been differentiated by language (conceptualized). Any considerations of stress must include comparison between perceptual and conceptual views; resolution of important psychological and philosophical conundrums may also be resolved using this approach. Psychological treatments and educational efforts aimed at uncovering, understanding, and accounting for the existence of both views may have beneficial effect on individuals and society.
{"title":"Implications of the differences between our perceptual and conceptual views.","authors":"S. Pashko","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000055","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this theoretical article is to characterize the viewpoint of the “experiencing self,” as described in dual information processing theory, and apply it to a wide variety of diverse and important psychological and philosophical conundrums including stress and anxiety, identity, free will, duality, and the origins of insight. It first describes “two selves theory.” In it the rational-cognitive system relies on concepts, memory, and symbols as its raw materials. The experiential system relies on percepts, images, and present-moment experience. Because the experiential system intelligently processes percepts, and humans can only consciously understand concepts, its functioning has been hidden from our grasp. Using its defining characteristics, this paper will attempt to recreate and understand its view. Epstein’s “experiencing self” fits the characteristics of a self that only processes percepts. The reality it perceives meets criteria for a psychological unconscious. A fundamental cause of anxiety may originate from the stressful differences between what’s perceived and what’s conceived. The experiential information processing system may be inherently monist because perceptual reality has not yet been differentiated by language (conceptualized). Any considerations of stress must include comparison between perceptual and conceptual views; resolution of important psychological and philosophical conundrums may also be resolved using this approach. Psychological treatments and educational efforts aimed at uncovering, understanding, and accounting for the existence of both views may have beneficial effect on individuals and society.","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"10 1","pages":"267-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83629748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Arteche, F. Vivian, Bruno Parada Y. Dalpiaz, Roberta Salvador-Silva
To date, research on infant face processing has focused on the appraisal of physical features, but investigations of the effects of sex and parental status on infant emotional expressions have been less prevalent. The present study sought to fill this gap by investigating the effects of sex and parental status on the assessment of infant emotional faces using a community sample of 105 participants (55 female) who were split into 2 groups according to parental status: 53 parents (28 female) comprised those who had a child aged (cid:2) 10 years, and 52 nonparents (27 female) comprised those who did not have children and did not work in a childcare environment. A total of 116 infant faces were presented under 5 emotional conditions (positive, muted positive, neutral, muted negative, and negative). The participants were instructed to rate each facial expression with regard to 3 aspects: pleasure, activation, and intensity. The results revealed a significant effect of group, with nonparents perceiving happy and sad infant faces as more intense than parents. We hypothesize that because parents are frequently exposed to intense emotions of their children, their range of intensity may be wider. Therefore, the parents tend to assign a lower intensity to infant emotional faces. In addition, no differences were found between men and women, regardless of parental status, in any of the aspects that were evaluated (pleasure, activation, and intensity) for any emotional expressions (sad, happy, and neutral). This corroborates findings that mothers and fathers are also often more similar than different in their cognitive responses to children.
{"title":"Effects of sex and parental status on the assessment of infant faces.","authors":"A. Arteche, F. Vivian, Bruno Parada Y. Dalpiaz, Roberta Salvador-Silva","doi":"10.1037/H0101552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0101552","url":null,"abstract":"To date, research on infant face processing has focused on the appraisal of physical features, but investigations of the effects of sex and parental status on infant emotional expressions have been less prevalent. The present study sought to fill this gap by investigating the effects of sex and parental status on the assessment of infant emotional faces using a community sample of 105 participants (55 female) who were split into 2 groups according to parental status: 53 parents (28 female) comprised those who had a child aged (cid:2) 10 years, and 52 nonparents (27 female) comprised those who did not have children and did not work in a childcare environment. A total of 116 infant faces were presented under 5 emotional conditions (positive, muted positive, neutral, muted negative, and negative). The participants were instructed to rate each facial expression with regard to 3 aspects: pleasure, activation, and intensity. The results revealed a significant effect of group, with nonparents perceiving happy and sad infant faces as more intense than parents. We hypothesize that because parents are frequently exposed to intense emotions of their children, their range of intensity may be wider. Therefore, the parents tend to assign a lower intensity to infant emotional faces. In addition, no differences were found between men and women, regardless of parental status, in any of the aspects that were evaluated (pleasure, activation, and intensity) for any emotional expressions (sad, happy, and neutral). This corroborates findings that mothers and fathers are also often more similar than different in their cognitive responses to children.","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"25 1","pages":"176-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75416072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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