P. Barbosa, C. Cardoso-Martins, Catharine H. Echols
{"title":"Child-Directed Speech and Its Impact on Early Vocabulary Acquisition: Evidence From Brazilian Portuguese.","authors":"P. Barbosa, C. Cardoso-Martins, Catharine H. Echols","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"45 1","pages":"326-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75940930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this theoretical article is to characterize the viewpoint of the “experiencing self,” as described in dual information processing theory, and apply it to a wide variety of diverse and important psychological and philosophical conundrums including stress and anxiety, identity, free will, duality, and the origins of insight. It first describes “two selves theory.” In it the rational-cognitive system relies on concepts, memory, and symbols as its raw materials. The experiential system relies on percepts, images, and present-moment experience. Because the experiential system intelligently processes percepts, and humans can only consciously understand concepts, its functioning has been hidden from our grasp. Using its defining characteristics, this paper will attempt to recreate and understand its view. Epstein’s “experiencing self” fits the characteristics of a self that only processes percepts. The reality it perceives meets criteria for a psychological unconscious. A fundamental cause of anxiety may originate from the stressful differences between what’s perceived and what’s conceived. The experiential information processing system may be inherently monist because perceptual reality has not yet been differentiated by language (conceptualized). Any considerations of stress must include comparison between perceptual and conceptual views; resolution of important psychological and philosophical conundrums may also be resolved using this approach. Psychological treatments and educational efforts aimed at uncovering, understanding, and accounting for the existence of both views may have beneficial effect on individuals and society.
{"title":"Implications of the differences between our perceptual and conceptual views.","authors":"S. Pashko","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000055","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this theoretical article is to characterize the viewpoint of the “experiencing self,” as described in dual information processing theory, and apply it to a wide variety of diverse and important psychological and philosophical conundrums including stress and anxiety, identity, free will, duality, and the origins of insight. It first describes “two selves theory.” In it the rational-cognitive system relies on concepts, memory, and symbols as its raw materials. The experiential system relies on percepts, images, and present-moment experience. Because the experiential system intelligently processes percepts, and humans can only consciously understand concepts, its functioning has been hidden from our grasp. Using its defining characteristics, this paper will attempt to recreate and understand its view. Epstein’s “experiencing self” fits the characteristics of a self that only processes percepts. The reality it perceives meets criteria for a psychological unconscious. A fundamental cause of anxiety may originate from the stressful differences between what’s perceived and what’s conceived. The experiential information processing system may be inherently monist because perceptual reality has not yet been differentiated by language (conceptualized). Any considerations of stress must include comparison between perceptual and conceptual views; resolution of important psychological and philosophical conundrums may also be resolved using this approach. Psychological treatments and educational efforts aimed at uncovering, understanding, and accounting for the existence of both views may have beneficial effect on individuals and society.","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"10 1","pages":"267-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83629748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Arteche, F. Vivian, Bruno Parada Y. Dalpiaz, Roberta Salvador-Silva
To date, research on infant face processing has focused on the appraisal of physical features, but investigations of the effects of sex and parental status on infant emotional expressions have been less prevalent. The present study sought to fill this gap by investigating the effects of sex and parental status on the assessment of infant emotional faces using a community sample of 105 participants (55 female) who were split into 2 groups according to parental status: 53 parents (28 female) comprised those who had a child aged (cid:2) 10 years, and 52 nonparents (27 female) comprised those who did not have children and did not work in a childcare environment. A total of 116 infant faces were presented under 5 emotional conditions (positive, muted positive, neutral, muted negative, and negative). The participants were instructed to rate each facial expression with regard to 3 aspects: pleasure, activation, and intensity. The results revealed a significant effect of group, with nonparents perceiving happy and sad infant faces as more intense than parents. We hypothesize that because parents are frequently exposed to intense emotions of their children, their range of intensity may be wider. Therefore, the parents tend to assign a lower intensity to infant emotional faces. In addition, no differences were found between men and women, regardless of parental status, in any of the aspects that were evaluated (pleasure, activation, and intensity) for any emotional expressions (sad, happy, and neutral). This corroborates findings that mothers and fathers are also often more similar than different in their cognitive responses to children.
{"title":"Effects of sex and parental status on the assessment of infant faces.","authors":"A. Arteche, F. Vivian, Bruno Parada Y. Dalpiaz, Roberta Salvador-Silva","doi":"10.1037/H0101552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0101552","url":null,"abstract":"To date, research on infant face processing has focused on the appraisal of physical features, but investigations of the effects of sex and parental status on infant emotional expressions have been less prevalent. The present study sought to fill this gap by investigating the effects of sex and parental status on the assessment of infant emotional faces using a community sample of 105 participants (55 female) who were split into 2 groups according to parental status: 53 parents (28 female) comprised those who had a child aged (cid:2) 10 years, and 52 nonparents (27 female) comprised those who did not have children and did not work in a childcare environment. A total of 116 infant faces were presented under 5 emotional conditions (positive, muted positive, neutral, muted negative, and negative). The participants were instructed to rate each facial expression with regard to 3 aspects: pleasure, activation, and intensity. The results revealed a significant effect of group, with nonparents perceiving happy and sad infant faces as more intense than parents. We hypothesize that because parents are frequently exposed to intense emotions of their children, their range of intensity may be wider. Therefore, the parents tend to assign a lower intensity to infant emotional faces. In addition, no differences were found between men and women, regardless of parental status, in any of the aspects that were evaluated (pleasure, activation, and intensity) for any emotional expressions (sad, happy, and neutral). This corroborates findings that mothers and fathers are also often more similar than different in their cognitive responses to children.","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"25 1","pages":"176-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75416072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Idalina de Paiva-Silva, M. K. Pontes, Juliana Silva Rocha Aguiar, W. C. D. Souza
The adequate interpretation of facial expressions of emotion is crucial for social functioning and human interaction. New methods are being applied, and a review of the methods that are used to evaluate facial emotion recognition is timely for the field. An extensive review was conducted using the Web of Science, PsycINFO, and PubMed databases. The following keywords were used to identify articles that were published within the past 20 years: emotion recognition, face, expression, and assessment. The initial search yielded 291 articles. After applying the exclusion criteria, 115 articles were included in this review. Articles were analyzed using 3 different approaches: (a) non-behavior-dependent methodologies (MRI and electroencephalography [EEG]), (b) behavioral instruments that were used to assess facial emotion recognition, and (c) instruments or methods that were used to assess facial recognition impairment in health conditions. The behavioral instruments were further subdivided into 7 groups. Static human face stimuli were the most frequently used method, although there are some criticisms concerning the ecological validity of these types of stimuli. Nonvalidated instruments were also commonly used, especially in psychopathological studies. Computer-based morphing has been used to develop new visual stimuli, and brief videos are also being applied. Drawings, which may have lower validity, were often used for assessment in children. Research that uses functional and structural MRI or EEG as methodological alternatives has increased in the last decade. This is a rapidly changing field, and more studies are needed to compare methodologies that are used to explore impairments in facial emotion recognition.
对面部表情的充分解读对于社会功能和人际交往至关重要。新的方法正在被应用，对用于评估面部情感识别的方法进行回顾对该领域是及时的。使用Web of Science, PsycINFO和PubMed数据库进行了广泛的审查。使用以下关键词来识别过去20年内发表的文章:情感识别，面部，表情和评估。最初的搜索产生了291篇文章。应用排除标准后，115篇文章被纳入本综述。文章使用3种不同的方法进行分析:(a)非行为依赖方法(MRI和脑电图[EEG])， (b)用于评估面部情绪识别的行为工具，以及(c)用于评估健康状况下面部识别障碍的工具或方法。行为工具进一步细分为7组。静态人脸刺激是最常用的方法，尽管存在一些关于这些类型刺激的生态有效性的批评。未经验证的仪器也经常被使用，特别是在精神病理学研究中。基于计算机的变形已被用于开发新的视觉刺激，简短的视频也被应用。图画，可能有较低的效度，经常用于评估儿童。在过去十年中，使用功能和结构核磁共振成像或脑电图作为替代方法的研究有所增加。这是一个快速变化的领域，需要更多的研究来比较用于探索面部情感识别障碍的方法。
{"title":"How do we evaluate facial emotion recognition","authors":"Ana Idalina de Paiva-Silva, M. K. Pontes, Juliana Silva Rocha Aguiar, W. C. D. Souza","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000047","url":null,"abstract":"The adequate interpretation of facial expressions of emotion is crucial for social functioning and human interaction. New methods are being applied, and a review of the methods that are used to evaluate facial emotion recognition is timely for the field. An extensive review was conducted using the Web of Science, PsycINFO, and PubMed databases. The following keywords were used to identify articles that were published within the past 20 years: emotion recognition, face, expression, and assessment. The initial search yielded 291 articles. After applying the exclusion criteria, 115 articles were included in this review. Articles were analyzed using 3 different approaches: (a) non-behavior-dependent methodologies (MRI and electroencephalography [EEG]), (b) behavioral instruments that were used to assess facial emotion recognition, and (c) instruments or methods that were used to assess facial recognition impairment in health conditions. The behavioral instruments were further subdivided into 7 groups. Static human face stimuli were the most frequently used method, although there are some criticisms concerning the ecological validity of these types of stimuli. Nonvalidated instruments were also commonly used, especially in psychopathological studies. Computer-based morphing has been used to develop new visual stimuli, and brief videos are also being applied. Drawings, which may have lower validity, were often used for assessment in children. Research that uses functional and structural MRI or EEG as methodological alternatives has increased in the last decade. This is a rapidly changing field, and more studies are needed to compare methodologies that are used to explore impairments in facial emotion recognition.","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"31 1","pages":"153-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77597620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Letícia Ribeiro, Cristiane Batassini, R. Silvestrin, L. Bizarro, T. M. Souza, A. Oliveira
{"title":"Epicatechin improves proprioception without preventing neuronal death in the 6-hydroxydopamine’s Parkinsonism model.","authors":"Letícia Ribeiro, Cristiane Batassini, R. Silvestrin, L. Bizarro, T. M. Souza, A. Oliveira","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"13 4 1","pages":"282-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90234767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristin Stedal, M. Rose, Rosie Jonsson, Lucy Harvey, B. Lask
{"title":"Female adolescents’ performance on the Hayling test.","authors":"Kristin Stedal, M. Rose, Rosie Jonsson, Lucy Harvey, B. Lask","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"13 1","pages":"255-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89049643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Construction and validation of the White, Pardo, and Black Children Picture Set (BIC-Multicolor).","authors":"A. Sacco, M. C. D. P. Couto, S. Koller","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"27 1","pages":"68-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86818452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. M. Oliveira, D. Mograbi, Iasmin Andrade Gabrig, Helenice Charchat-Fichman
This work presents normative data for Brazilian children on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), and Stroop test (ST). The effects of age were evaluated. The patterns of results were compared with the literature, and validity was assessed using cluster analysis.
{"title":"Normative Data and Evidence of Validity for the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Verbal Fluency Test, and Stroop Test With Brazilian Children","authors":"R. M. Oliveira, D. Mograbi, Iasmin Andrade Gabrig, Helenice Charchat-Fichman","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000041","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents normative data for Brazilian children on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), and Stroop test (ST). The effects of age were evaluated. The patterns of results were compared with the literature, and validity was assessed using cluster analysis.","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"74 1","pages":"54-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86592900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helena Vellinho Corso, J. Cromley, T. M. Sperb, J. F. Salles
{"title":"Modeling the relationship among reading comprehension, intelligence, socioeconomic status, and neuropsychological functions: The mediating role of executive functions","authors":"Helena Vellinho Corso, J. Cromley, T. M. Sperb, J. F. Salles","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"47 1","pages":"32-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78154972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cyntia Diógenes Ferreira, M. C. D. Souza, Bernardino Fernández-Calvo, J. P. MACHADO-DE-SOUSA, J. Hallak, Nelson Torro-Alves
{"title":"Neurocognitive functions in schizophrenia: A systematic review of the effects of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs.","authors":"Cyntia Diógenes Ferreira, M. C. D. Souza, Bernardino Fernández-Calvo, J. P. MACHADO-DE-SOUSA, J. Hallak, Nelson Torro-Alves","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"11 1","pages":"12-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88608570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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