Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2023-01-19DOI: 10.1177/19433875231151317
Daniel Delgado-Piedra, Guillermina Castillo Ham, Mario A Téliz, Fabiola Salgado-Chavarría, Paola García-Vázquez
Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Objective: The prevalence and etiology of facial fractures differ in each country. The aim of this study was to determine the patterns, trauma mechanism, and treatment of midface and mandible fractures in a government hospital in Mexico City. Methods: A three-year cross-sectional study was done at Balbuena General Hospital in Mexico City. The variables of interest were age, gender, place of origin, fracture site, trauma mechanism, and treatment. Between 2016 and 2019, physical and electronic data records of patients that exhibited facial fractures were included. Statistical analyses performed included descriptive analysis and a chi-square test. Results: A total of 490 cases of fractures in the maxillofacial region were reviewed, of which 237 (47%) cases presented fractures in the midface. A higher male ratio (M: F 12:1) was observed. The age range varied between 18 and 80 years, with a mean of 35.58 ± 14 years. The most frequent diagnosis was a zygomatic complex fracture, 37.97%. (n = 90). The most frequent trauma mechanism was interpersonal violence at 55.93% (n = 132) in both places of origin (P = .06). Conservative treatment was more frequent at 71.67% in intrapersonal violence (P = .019). Interpersonal violence was more frequent in males at 61.64%, and motor vehicle accident was more frequent in female at 61.11% (P = .028). Conclusions: The analysis provides information that can help to focus preventive measures regarding facial fractures, especially on efforts to reduce interpersonal violence.
{"title":"Patterns of Midface and Mandible Fractures in a Government Hospital.","authors":"Daniel Delgado-Piedra, Guillermina Castillo Ham, Mario A Téliz, Fabiola Salgado-Chavarría, Paola García-Vázquez","doi":"10.1177/19433875231151317","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19433875231151317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Study Design:</b> Cross-sectional study. <b>Objective:</b> The prevalence and etiology of facial fractures differ in each country. The aim of this study was to determine the patterns, trauma mechanism, and treatment of midface and mandible fractures in a government hospital in Mexico City. <b>Methods:</b> A three-year cross-sectional study was done at Balbuena General Hospital in Mexico City. The variables of interest were age, gender, place of origin, fracture site, trauma mechanism, and treatment. Between 2016 and 2019, physical and electronic data records of patients that exhibited facial fractures were included. Statistical analyses performed included descriptive analysis and a chi-square test. <b>Results:</b> A total of 490 cases of fractures in the maxillofacial region were reviewed, of which 237 (47%) cases presented fractures in the midface. A higher male ratio (M: F 12:1) was observed. The age range varied between 18 and 80 years, with a mean of 35.58 ± 14 years. The most frequent diagnosis was a zygomatic complex fracture, 37.97%. (n = 90). The most frequent trauma mechanism was interpersonal violence at 55.93% (n = 132) in both places of origin (<i>P</i> = .06). Conservative treatment was more frequent at 71.67% in intrapersonal violence (<i>P</i> = .019). Interpersonal violence was more frequent in males at 61.64%, and motor vehicle accident was more frequent in female at 61.11% (<i>P</i> = .028). <b>Conclusions:</b> The analysis provides information that can help to focus preventive measures regarding facial fractures, especially on efforts to reduce interpersonal violence.</p>","PeriodicalId":39157,"journal":{"name":"Shiraz E Medical Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"194-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11423362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89539224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masoumeh Akbari, Seyed Ahmad Bathaei, Iman Khahan Yazdi, Alireza Mirbagherigam
Background: The main problems endangering patient safety are errors and accidents caused by healthcare providers, mainly due to their unfavorable patient safety attitudes. Objective: This research aims to investigate the attitudes of healthcare professionals and internship students toward patient safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Using the convenience sampling method, 232 healthcare professionals and students under training and internships were selected in intestinal care units, general wards, and operating room departments in 3 teaching hospitals affiliated with Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. Data gathering was performed during August and September 2021, when the majority of visits to the hospitals were related to patients with COVID-19. The inclusion criteria included medical staff and students with at least six months of work experience in hospitals admitting COVID-19 patients. The exclusion criteria were unwillingness to participate, withdrawal from the study, and not completing the research. The Data collection tool was the Safety Attitude Questionnaire. Results: Most of the study participants were nurses (73.27%), women (55.60%), married (56.47%), and with lower incomes than expenses (50%). The mean safety attitude score of the participants was 99.07± 16.31. Average scores of safety attitude in groups of nurses, nursing internship, operating room nurses, and operating room internship were 98.69, 100.26, 108.16, and 96.40, respectively. Pearson correlation test showed no significant correlation between the safety attitude scores of healthcare professionals and their age (P = 0.652) and work experience (P = 0.441). Based on the Kruskal-Wallis test, the income status perception of the study participants was significantly correlated with their safety attitude scores (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic had not a significant effect on the attitude of healthcare professionals in comparison with previous studies. However, in this study, the attitudes of the healthcare professionals and interns were inappropriate. It is recommended that specialized training courses on how to deal with crises such as pandemics be planned and held for healthcare providers.
{"title":"Attitudes of Healthcare Professionals and Internship Students Toward Patient Safety During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Qom, Iran, 2021","authors":"Masoumeh Akbari, Seyed Ahmad Bathaei, Iman Khahan Yazdi, Alireza Mirbagherigam","doi":"10.5812/semj-135573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/semj-135573","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The main problems endangering patient safety are errors and accidents caused by healthcare providers, mainly due to their unfavorable patient safety attitudes. Objective: This research aims to investigate the attitudes of healthcare professionals and internship students toward patient safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Using the convenience sampling method, 232 healthcare professionals and students under training and internships were selected in intestinal care units, general wards, and operating room departments in 3 teaching hospitals affiliated with Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. Data gathering was performed during August and September 2021, when the majority of visits to the hospitals were related to patients with COVID-19. The inclusion criteria included medical staff and students with at least six months of work experience in hospitals admitting COVID-19 patients. The exclusion criteria were unwillingness to participate, withdrawal from the study, and not completing the research. The Data collection tool was the Safety Attitude Questionnaire. Results: Most of the study participants were nurses (73.27%), women (55.60%), married (56.47%), and with lower incomes than expenses (50%). The mean safety attitude score of the participants was 99.07± 16.31. Average scores of safety attitude in groups of nurses, nursing internship, operating room nurses, and operating room internship were 98.69, 100.26, 108.16, and 96.40, respectively. Pearson correlation test showed no significant correlation between the safety attitude scores of healthcare professionals and their age (P = 0.652) and work experience (P = 0.441). Based on the Kruskal-Wallis test, the income status perception of the study participants was significantly correlated with their safety attitude scores (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic had not a significant effect on the attitude of healthcare professionals in comparison with previous studies. However, in this study, the attitudes of the healthcare professionals and interns were inappropriate. It is recommended that specialized training courses on how to deal with crises such as pandemics be planned and held for healthcare providers.","PeriodicalId":39157,"journal":{"name":"Shiraz E Medical Journal","volume":"121 34","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: One of the most common reasons for the referrals of patients to the trauma center is blunt chest injury. Objectives: To determine and compare the diagnostic value of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) and computed tomography (CT) scans in detecting rib fractures and their complications in patients with blunt chest wall trauma. Methods: The current cross-sectional study (October 2017-March 2018) was conducted in Shahid Rajaei Hospital, Shiraz, southern Iran. Convenient non-random sampling was employed. Patients with stable vital signs underwent ultra-sonography and later were evaluated by computed tomography (CT) scan for fractures and related complications. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPP), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and accuracy were calculated and compared between the two procedures. Results: A total of 113 patients with a mean ± SD age of 44.07 ± 20.07 years were enrolled, of whom 75 (66.3%) and 62 (54.9%) patients had at least one broken rib based on CT scan and sonography, respectively. The frequency of double fractures was higher than other conditions in both CT scans and ultrasound (35.53% and 37.10%). The overall sensitivity of ultrasound was calculated to be 81.58%, and with an increasing number of broken ribs, the sensitivity of ultrasound also increased (73.08% for identifying patients with one damaged rib versus 100% for detecting patients with five or more broken ribs). None of the 13 definite cases of pneumothorax were detected on ultrasound, while the sensitivity of ultrasound was appropriate for hemothorax and subperiosteal hematoma (85.71% and 80.23%, respectively). Conclusions: Ultrasound offers high sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic power in diagnosing fractures and their complications, but considering the setting of our study, care should be taken when generalizing the findings of this study.
{"title":"Diagnosis of Rib Fracture and Related Complications in Patients with Blunt Chest Wall Trauma Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound vs. Computed Tomography Scan","authors":"Najeh Zarei Jelyani, Razieh Sadat Mousavi-Roknabadi, Roshanak Mohammadi, Seyed Rouhollah Hosseini-Marvast, Fazel Goudarzi, Afsane Dehbozorgi","doi":"10.5812/semj-138379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/semj-138379","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the most common reasons for the referrals of patients to the trauma center is blunt chest injury. Objectives: To determine and compare the diagnostic value of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) and computed tomography (CT) scans in detecting rib fractures and their complications in patients with blunt chest wall trauma. Methods: The current cross-sectional study (October 2017-March 2018) was conducted in Shahid Rajaei Hospital, Shiraz, southern Iran. Convenient non-random sampling was employed. Patients with stable vital signs underwent ultra-sonography and later were evaluated by computed tomography (CT) scan for fractures and related complications. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPP), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and accuracy were calculated and compared between the two procedures. Results: A total of 113 patients with a mean ± SD age of 44.07 ± 20.07 years were enrolled, of whom 75 (66.3%) and 62 (54.9%) patients had at least one broken rib based on CT scan and sonography, respectively. The frequency of double fractures was higher than other conditions in both CT scans and ultrasound (35.53% and 37.10%). The overall sensitivity of ultrasound was calculated to be 81.58%, and with an increasing number of broken ribs, the sensitivity of ultrasound also increased (73.08% for identifying patients with one damaged rib versus 100% for detecting patients with five or more broken ribs). None of the 13 definite cases of pneumothorax were detected on ultrasound, while the sensitivity of ultrasound was appropriate for hemothorax and subperiosteal hematoma (85.71% and 80.23%, respectively). Conclusions: Ultrasound offers high sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic power in diagnosing fractures and their complications, but considering the setting of our study, care should be taken when generalizing the findings of this study.","PeriodicalId":39157,"journal":{"name":"Shiraz E Medical Journal","volume":" 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135290781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Its Potential Applications to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Mehran Rostami, Mohammad Jalilian","doi":"10.5812/semj-139784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/semj-139784","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":39157,"journal":{"name":"Shiraz E Medical Journal","volume":"306 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135475453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the Potential of Chatbots in Medical Education","authors":"Masomeh Kalantarion, Babak Sabet, Amin Habibi","doi":"10.5812/semj-139465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/semj-139465","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":39157,"journal":{"name":"Shiraz E Medical Journal","volume":"2 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135272167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elham Basiratnia, Mohammad Ali Mirshekar, Hamed Fanaei, Saiedeh Arabmoazzen
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the development and physiological function of the brain and causes memory impairment. Objectives: Due to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant role of levothyroxine (L-T4) on myelin production and adult cerebral function, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of L-T4 on the improvement of cognitive deficits and cerebral inflammation. Methods: Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: (1) sham, (2) L-T4, (3) MS, (4) MS receiving L-T4, and (5) Betaferon. For MS induction, lysolecithin was injected into the CA1 of the hippocampus. Rats received L-T4 intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 μg/kg in the second and fourth groups. The shuttle box and Morris water maze tests were used to investigate passive avoidance and spatial memory, respectively. Also, the hippocampal concentrations of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and c-reactive protein (CRP) were measured to investigate molecular changes. Results: Path length (P < 0.001, P = 0.0015, and P = 0.002 on days 1 to 3, respectively) and latency time (P < 0.001 on the second and third days) increased, but the speed of movements (P < 0.001) and time spent in goal quarter decreased in MS-induced groups (P < 0.001). Treatment with L-T4 for 14 days significantly reversed path length and speed (P < 0.001 and P = 0.0315 on the second and third days), latency time (P < 0.01), speed (P < 0.001 and P = 0.0038 on the second and third days), and time spent in goal quarter (P = 0.1203) in the MS group. The hippocampal concentrations of MDA (P = 0.0010), TNF-α (P = 0.0251), and CRP (P = 0.0065) were significantly lower in the MS group treated with L-T4 than in the MS group. Also, the hippocampal concentration of TAC was significantly increased (P = 0.0375) in the MS group receiving L-T4. Conclusions: It seems that treatment with L-T4 can prevent cognitive impairment caused by MS induction. Ameliorative effects of L-T4 may be due to the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, L-T4 can be used as an effective agent in the treatment of MS.
{"title":"Effects of Levothyroxine on Behavior and Cognitive Decline in a Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis: A Biochemical Study","authors":"Elham Basiratnia, Mohammad Ali Mirshekar, Hamed Fanaei, Saiedeh Arabmoazzen","doi":"10.5812/semj-138014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/semj-138014","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the development and physiological function of the brain and causes memory impairment. Objectives: Due to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant role of levothyroxine (L-T4) on myelin production and adult cerebral function, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of L-T4 on the improvement of cognitive deficits and cerebral inflammation. Methods: Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: (1) sham, (2) L-T4, (3) MS, (4) MS receiving L-T4, and (5) Betaferon. For MS induction, lysolecithin was injected into the CA1 of the hippocampus. Rats received L-T4 intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 μg/kg in the second and fourth groups. The shuttle box and Morris water maze tests were used to investigate passive avoidance and spatial memory, respectively. Also, the hippocampal concentrations of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and c-reactive protein (CRP) were measured to investigate molecular changes. Results: Path length (P < 0.001, P = 0.0015, and P = 0.002 on days 1 to 3, respectively) and latency time (P < 0.001 on the second and third days) increased, but the speed of movements (P < 0.001) and time spent in goal quarter decreased in MS-induced groups (P < 0.001). Treatment with L-T4 for 14 days significantly reversed path length and speed (P < 0.001 and P = 0.0315 on the second and third days), latency time (P < 0.01), speed (P < 0.001 and P = 0.0038 on the second and third days), and time spent in goal quarter (P = 0.1203) in the MS group. The hippocampal concentrations of MDA (P = 0.0010), TNF-α (P = 0.0251), and CRP (P = 0.0065) were significantly lower in the MS group treated with L-T4 than in the MS group. Also, the hippocampal concentration of TAC was significantly increased (P = 0.0375) in the MS group receiving L-T4. Conclusions: It seems that treatment with L-T4 can prevent cognitive impairment caused by MS induction. Ameliorative effects of L-T4 may be due to the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, L-T4 can be used as an effective agent in the treatment of MS.","PeriodicalId":39157,"journal":{"name":"Shiraz E Medical Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136158016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam Tollabzadeh, Ali Reza Rezvani, Sareh Behzadipour
Background: Diagnosis of cancer and its long and hard treatment process induce great stress and anxiety in patients. Cancer patients may also suffer from severe pain due to their primary disease, metastases, or the received treatments. However, the patients’ chief physical complaint is the main aspect that physicians pay attention to, and the mental health of these patients is usually neglected. Objectives: This study aimed to predict the effect of music therapy (MT) on pain, perceived stress, anxiety, and biochemical parameters in patients with cancer. Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted on cancer patients referring to the Oncology Clinic at Amir Hospital in Shiraz (affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences) from April to September 2016. A total number of sixty cancer patients were recruited using a random sampling method and divided into two groups of control and intervention. Patients in the intervention group listened to light music for at least 20 minutes for 8 weeks (two continuous sessions weekly). After the intervention group, a follow-up test and questionnaires were conducted on both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using the t-test, chi-square test, and paired t-test. Results: The results of this study showed that the control group had no significant difference regarding the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) (P-value = 0.797), cortisol (P-value = 0.841), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (P-value = 0.001) variables before and after the study, but it had a significant increase in the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (P-value = 0.026). Our findings indicated a significant difference in the MPQ, BAI, and cortisol variables in the MT group (P-value ≤ 0.001). In general, the PSS showed no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that MT for eight weeks, selected by patients from a list, could significantly reduce patients’ anxiety, pain, and perceived stress. Therefore, we recommend the inclusion of this intervention in the routine care of patients with cancer.
{"title":"The Effect of Music Therapy on Pain, Anxiety, Perceived Stress, and Biochemical Parameters in Hospitals Among Patients with Cancer","authors":"Maryam Tollabzadeh, Ali Reza Rezvani, Sareh Behzadipour","doi":"10.5812/semj-137504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/semj-137504","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diagnosis of cancer and its long and hard treatment process induce great stress and anxiety in patients. Cancer patients may also suffer from severe pain due to their primary disease, metastases, or the received treatments. However, the patients’ chief physical complaint is the main aspect that physicians pay attention to, and the mental health of these patients is usually neglected. Objectives: This study aimed to predict the effect of music therapy (MT) on pain, perceived stress, anxiety, and biochemical parameters in patients with cancer. Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted on cancer patients referring to the Oncology Clinic at Amir Hospital in Shiraz (affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences) from April to September 2016. A total number of sixty cancer patients were recruited using a random sampling method and divided into two groups of control and intervention. Patients in the intervention group listened to light music for at least 20 minutes for 8 weeks (two continuous sessions weekly). After the intervention group, a follow-up test and questionnaires were conducted on both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using the t-test, chi-square test, and paired t-test. Results: The results of this study showed that the control group had no significant difference regarding the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) (P-value = 0.797), cortisol (P-value = 0.841), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (P-value = 0.001) variables before and after the study, but it had a significant increase in the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (P-value = 0.026). Our findings indicated a significant difference in the MPQ, BAI, and cortisol variables in the MT group (P-value ≤ 0.001). In general, the PSS showed no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that MT for eight weeks, selected by patients from a list, could significantly reduce patients’ anxiety, pain, and perceived stress. Therefore, we recommend the inclusion of this intervention in the routine care of patients with cancer.","PeriodicalId":39157,"journal":{"name":"Shiraz E Medical Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136135257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: This study explains learning and study strategies in virtual education among medical students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and analyzes its relationship with their academic performance. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 298 medical students in preclinical disciplines in the medical curriculum at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran. The data were collected from students who completed the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) within 2 weeks, from the 10th of June 2021 to the 24th of June 2021. This questionnaire measures three variables related to skill, self-regulation, and will. The data were analyzed using independent t-test, correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey post hoc tests by SPSS software (version 23). Results: The highest and lowest mean scores of the LASSI questionnaire were related to information processing (28.54 ± 4.10) and study aids (22.41 ± 4.07), respectively. Each scale’s possible score range was from 8 to 40 points. The results indicated significant statistical differences between different genders of students in anxiety, attitude, motivation, time management, and self-testing (P < 0.05). In all areas of the LASSI, except self-testing and study aids, the students’ mean scores with a grade point average (GPA) - range of 0 to 20 - higher than 17.5 were significantly higher than those with GPAs lower than 14.85 and those with GPAs between 14.86 to 17.50 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Since learning and studying strategies contribute to student’s academic success and facilitate the learning process, they can be improved using educational involvement. Embedding learning and study strategies interventions in curriculum design and learning content could help promote academic performance.
{"title":"Opening the Black Box of Virtual Education: Medical Students’ Learning and Study Strategies","authors":"Haniye Mastour, Maryam Moghadasin, AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf","doi":"10.5812/semj-135860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/semj-135860","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study explains learning and study strategies in virtual education among medical students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and analyzes its relationship with their academic performance. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 298 medical students in preclinical disciplines in the medical curriculum at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran. The data were collected from students who completed the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) within 2 weeks, from the 10th of June 2021 to the 24th of June 2021. This questionnaire measures three variables related to skill, self-regulation, and will. The data were analyzed using independent t-test, correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey post hoc tests by SPSS software (version 23). Results: The highest and lowest mean scores of the LASSI questionnaire were related to information processing (28.54 ± 4.10) and study aids (22.41 ± 4.07), respectively. Each scale’s possible score range was from 8 to 40 points. The results indicated significant statistical differences between different genders of students in anxiety, attitude, motivation, time management, and self-testing (P < 0.05). In all areas of the LASSI, except self-testing and study aids, the students’ mean scores with a grade point average (GPA) - range of 0 to 20 - higher than 17.5 were significantly higher than those with GPAs lower than 14.85 and those with GPAs between 14.86 to 17.50 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Since learning and studying strategies contribute to student’s academic success and facilitate the learning process, they can be improved using educational involvement. Embedding learning and study strategies interventions in curriculum design and learning content could help promote academic performance.","PeriodicalId":39157,"journal":{"name":"Shiraz E Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136135401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dina Saginova, Elyarbek Tashmetov, Berik Tuleubaev, Yevgeniy Kamyshanskiy, Sherzad Davanov
Background: An effective technique for inducing bone formation without using an autograft has yet to be established. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which can be obtained easily from whole blood, contains substantial growth factors (GFs) that can facilitate bone regeneration and growth. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PRP combined with a Marburg bone bank-prepared bone graft in a rabbit bone defect model. Methods: This study utilized 32 rabbits (n = 16 in each group). Bone defects were intentionally made in the femur, and the bone allograft used was the human femoral head prepared according to the Marburg bone bank. Rabbits were divided into Marburg bone graft (MBG) and MBG+PRP groups. Histopathological and histomorphometric analyses were conducted 14 and 30 days post-surgery. Results: A greater new bone formation was detected in both groups on the 14th and 30th days (P = 0.001). Furthermore, more pronounced angiogenesis was found in the MBG+PRP group than in the MBG group (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The MBG-PRP complex significantly enhanced bone tissue repair in bone defects. The inclusion of PRP was found to promote angiogenesis and stimulate the formation of new bone tissue, further supporting the beneficial effects of this combination in the healing process.
{"title":"Effect of Platelet-rich Plasma Combined with Marburg Bone Bank-prepared Bone Graft in Rabbit Bone Defect Model","authors":"Dina Saginova, Elyarbek Tashmetov, Berik Tuleubaev, Yevgeniy Kamyshanskiy, Sherzad Davanov","doi":"10.5812/semj-136960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/semj-136960","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An effective technique for inducing bone formation without using an autograft has yet to be established. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which can be obtained easily from whole blood, contains substantial growth factors (GFs) that can facilitate bone regeneration and growth. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PRP combined with a Marburg bone bank-prepared bone graft in a rabbit bone defect model. Methods: This study utilized 32 rabbits (n = 16 in each group). Bone defects were intentionally made in the femur, and the bone allograft used was the human femoral head prepared according to the Marburg bone bank. Rabbits were divided into Marburg bone graft (MBG) and MBG+PRP groups. Histopathological and histomorphometric analyses were conducted 14 and 30 days post-surgery. Results: A greater new bone formation was detected in both groups on the 14th and 30th days (P = 0.001). Furthermore, more pronounced angiogenesis was found in the MBG+PRP group than in the MBG group (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The MBG-PRP complex significantly enhanced bone tissue repair in bone defects. The inclusion of PRP was found to promote angiogenesis and stimulate the formation of new bone tissue, further supporting the beneficial effects of this combination in the healing process.","PeriodicalId":39157,"journal":{"name":"Shiraz E Medical Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135197551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: In order to analyze the relative success of countries in combating COVID-19, it is imperative to establish a set of criteria for measuring success in this domain. Subsequently, a consensus must be reached on the specific aspects and indicators that define success. Therefore this disease swiftly escalated into a global pandemic, impacting all facets of society and leaving a lasting historical imprint. This study presents a framework for assessing the performance of various countries in their battle against the COVID-19 crisis across four dimensions: healthcare system, crisis management, societal response, and historical perspective. By comparing indicators within each dimension for individual countries separately, we can assess and compare their respective crisis management capabilities while evaluating overall success. However, it is essential to acknowledge that a dichotomy often exists between health-focused solutions and those about economics and politics. Therefore, instead of pursuing an absolute solution or outcome, striving for an optimal balance point is essential. While cross-sectional assessments are necessary during the COVID-19 crisis evaluation process, comprehensive evaluations of the aforementioned dimensions can ultimately determine success levels and identify countries with superior performance.
{"title":"Comprehensive Assessment Framework for Evaluating the Response of Countries to COVID-19","authors":"Masoud Ferdosi, Zahra Salehi, Mohammad Mohseni","doi":"10.5812/semj-136203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/semj-136203","url":null,"abstract":": In order to analyze the relative success of countries in combating COVID-19, it is imperative to establish a set of criteria for measuring success in this domain. Subsequently, a consensus must be reached on the specific aspects and indicators that define success. Therefore this disease swiftly escalated into a global pandemic, impacting all facets of society and leaving a lasting historical imprint. This study presents a framework for assessing the performance of various countries in their battle against the COVID-19 crisis across four dimensions: healthcare system, crisis management, societal response, and historical perspective. By comparing indicators within each dimension for individual countries separately, we can assess and compare their respective crisis management capabilities while evaluating overall success. However, it is essential to acknowledge that a dichotomy often exists between health-focused solutions and those about economics and politics. Therefore, instead of pursuing an absolute solution or outcome, striving for an optimal balance point is essential. While cross-sectional assessments are necessary during the COVID-19 crisis evaluation process, comprehensive evaluations of the aforementioned dimensions can ultimately determine success levels and identify countries with superior performance.","PeriodicalId":39157,"journal":{"name":"Shiraz E Medical Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135590553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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