This study examines the evolution of Czechoslovak foreign policy towards selected actors of Arab-Israeli conflict in 1948–1967. Once very friendly relations of Czechoslovakia with Israel were soon replaced by a gradually developing cooperation with some Arab actors. However, even this partnership encountered several difficult moments. Despite long-term ideological disputes with Arab nationalist leaders, Czechoslovakia demonstrated unconditional support for the Arab coalition in the Six-Day War (1967), and the pro-Arab orientation had become the unquestionable line of Czechoslovak Middle East policy in the Cold War. Since the article is based on the New Cold War History approach, in addition to the previously unpublished information from the archival documents it also aims to offer a partial interpretation of Czechoslovakia’s diplomatic position as a satellite state of the Soviet Union with regard to its foreign policy strategies towards selected Middle Eastern Third world countries in the first two decades of the Cold War.
{"title":"Proměny přístupu československé diplomacie k arabsko-izraelskému konfliktu v letech 1948–1967","authors":"Eva Taterová","doi":"10.32422/mv-cjir.1795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32422/mv-cjir.1795","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the evolution of Czechoslovak foreign policy towards selected actors of Arab-Israeli conflict in 1948–1967. Once very friendly relations of Czechoslovakia with Israel were soon replaced by a gradually developing cooperation with some Arab actors. However, even this partnership encountered several difficult moments. Despite long-term ideological disputes with Arab nationalist leaders, Czechoslovakia demonstrated unconditional support for the Arab coalition in the Six-Day War (1967), and the pro-Arab orientation had become the unquestionable line of Czechoslovak Middle East policy in the Cold War. Since the article is based on the New Cold War History approach, in addition to the previously unpublished information from the archival documents it also aims to offer a partial interpretation of Czechoslovakia’s diplomatic position as a satellite state of the Soviet Union with regard to its foreign policy strategies towards selected Middle Eastern Third world countries in the first two decades of the Cold War.","PeriodicalId":39183,"journal":{"name":"Mezinarodni Vztahy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42695934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A non-traditional candidate, an unprecedented president? Why did Americans elect such a controversial figure as the head of their country? What were the causes and context for electing Donald Trump as the American president and which strategies and topics gained him voter support? This book aims to describe and analyze the steps Donald Trump took to exploit the fissures in the socio-economic and cultural cohesion of Americans in order to win the elections. The deeper, contextual understanding and the chessboard of the 2016 election background presented in this book make it easier for the Czech readership to understand Trump’s steps more deeply than as flashed through his media portrait.
{"title":"Jan Hornát – Lucie Kýrová ed.: America First: Příčiny a kontext volebního vítězství Donalda Trumpa","authors":"Michal Himmer","doi":"10.32422/mv-cjir.1856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32422/mv-cjir.1856","url":null,"abstract":"A non-traditional candidate, an unprecedented president? Why did Americans elect such a controversial figure as the head of their country? What were the causes and context for electing Donald Trump as the American president and which strategies and topics gained him voter support? This book aims to describe and analyze the steps Donald Trump took to exploit the fissures in the socio-economic and cultural cohesion of Americans in order to win the elections. The deeper, contextual understanding and the chessboard of the 2016 election background presented in this book make it easier for the Czech readership to understand Trump’s steps more deeply than as flashed through his media portrait.","PeriodicalId":39183,"journal":{"name":"Mezinarodni Vztahy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41627455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jak bude vypadat svět po koronavirové pandemii? A nežijeme v něm již nějakou dobu? Neučinila pandemie jen zřejmějšími dlouhodobé trendy? Jak by se měly na ekonomickou krizi v době deglobalizace připravit národní státy a jak Evropská unie? Ivan Krastev vyvolal na vrcholu koronavirové krize celosvětový zájem svým článkem o vlivu pandemie na budoucí společenské změny. Nyní navazuje esejí, ve které zkoumá politické a kulturní důsledky Covidu-19 jako laboratorního sociálního experimentu. Brilantně a provokativně analyzuje sociální dopady karanténní dystopie, návrat vládních intervencí, uzavírání hranic národních států, roli odborníků a krizového řízení v demokratických a autoritářských státech (big data government), etické otázky zdravotnických a ekonomických opatření, mezigenerační a mezinárodní solidaritu. Politologické analýzy a data z výzkumů historických pandemií kombinuje s příklady literárních zpracování či filozofických pojednání a ukazuje paradoxy proměněného světa, pro jehož obyvatele je pandemie základní společnou zkušeností.
{"title":"Ivan Krastev: Už je zítra? Aneb jak pandemie mění Evropu","authors":"David Jágr","doi":"10.32422/mv-cjir.1857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32422/mv-cjir.1857","url":null,"abstract":"Jak bude vypadat svět po koronavirové pandemii? A nežijeme v něm již nějakou dobu? Neučinila pandemie jen zřejmějšími dlouhodobé trendy? Jak by se měly na ekonomickou krizi v době deglobalizace připravit národní státy a jak Evropská unie? Ivan Krastev vyvolal na vrcholu koronavirové krize celosvětový zájem svým článkem o vlivu pandemie na budoucí společenské změny. Nyní navazuje esejí, ve které zkoumá politické a kulturní důsledky Covidu-19 jako laboratorního sociálního experimentu. Brilantně a provokativně analyzuje sociální dopady karanténní dystopie, návrat vládních intervencí, uzavírání hranic národních států, roli odborníků a krizového řízení v demokratických a autoritářských státech (big data government), etické otázky zdravotnických a ekonomických opatření, mezigenerační a mezinárodní solidaritu. Politologické analýzy a data z výzkumů historických pandemií kombinuje s příklady literárních zpracování či filozofických pojednání a ukazuje paradoxy proměněného světa, pro jehož obyvatele je pandemie základní společnou zkušeností.","PeriodicalId":39183,"journal":{"name":"Mezinarodni Vztahy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48629761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present book reveals and compares the ways in which hierarchies of power are created in postcolonial societies. At the same time, it tries to deconstruct these hierarchies, ie to reveal their initial assumptions and consequences. Thus, it shows that the postcolonial context is still a relevant factor that co-shapes events in Asian countries. The book specifically focuses on case studies on China, India, Japan, Central Asia and Madagascar as entities with strong Asian influences. Although the book is primarily rooted in Asian studies, its approach is interdisciplinary. In the analysis, it uses perspectives based on political science and international relations, anthropology, media studies or cultural and literary studies. The key categories for the analysis of hierarchies and their practices and discourses are (real and symbolic) boundaries, (intersubjectively formed) identity and (political and social) norms.
{"title":"Blanka Knotková-Čapková, Aleš Karmazin a kol. Asijské hierarchie v postkoloniálním kontextu. Politické, sociální a kulturní dimenze.","authors":"Zdeňka P. Kyselová","doi":"10.32422/mv-cjir.1855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32422/mv-cjir.1855","url":null,"abstract":"The present book reveals and compares the ways in which hierarchies of power are created in postcolonial societies. At the same time, it tries to deconstruct these hierarchies, ie to reveal their initial assumptions and consequences. Thus, it shows that the postcolonial context is still a relevant factor that co-shapes events in Asian countries. \u0000The book specifically focuses on case studies on China, India, Japan, Central Asia and Madagascar as entities with strong Asian influences. Although the book is primarily rooted in Asian studies, its approach is interdisciplinary. In the analysis, it uses perspectives based on political science and international relations, anthropology, media studies or cultural and literary studies. The key categories for the analysis of hierarchies and their practices and discourses are (real and symbolic) boundaries, (intersubjectively formed) identity and (political and social) norms.","PeriodicalId":39183,"journal":{"name":"Mezinarodni Vztahy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45419996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main aim of this study is to verify whether the current international monetary system shows a transposition into a multipolar monetary arrangement. The study is aimed at analysing the prospects of three key currencies (the American dollar, the Euro, the Chinese renminbi) in the context of their transposition to a multipolar monetary system. For these currencies, the values of monetary concentration and those of the potential of monetary internationalization were analysed. We used a new approach for assessing the measurement potential of currency internationalization: the fuzzy-logic model. This approach includes economic and political factors. The prospects of the selected currencies are examined in this study in the context of the great economic lockdown. The conclusions confirm the existence of a trend of transposition into a multipolar monetary arrangement.
{"title":"Přechod k multipolárnímu měnovému uspořádání? Trendy v měnové koncentraci a internacionalizaci dolaru, eura a renminbi","authors":"Vojtěch Sadil, Juraj Sipko","doi":"10.32422/mv-cjir.1788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32422/mv-cjir.1788","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this study is to verify whether the current international monetary system shows a transposition into a multipolar monetary arrangement. The study is aimed at analysing the prospects of three key currencies (the American dollar, the Euro, the Chinese renminbi) in the context of their transposition to a multipolar monetary system. For these currencies, the values of monetary concentration and those of the potential of monetary internationalization were analysed. We used a new approach for assessing the measurement potential of currency internationalization: the fuzzy-logic model. This approach includes economic and political factors. The prospects of the selected currencies are examined in this study in the context of the great economic lockdown. The conclusions confirm the existence of a trend of transposition into a multipolar monetary arrangement.","PeriodicalId":39183,"journal":{"name":"Mezinarodni Vztahy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48918823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
What is care and who is paying for it? Valuing care and care work does not simply mean attributing care work more monetary value. To really achieve change, we must go so much further.As the world becomes seemingly more uncaring, the calls for people to be more compassionate and empathetic towards one another—in short, to care more—become ever-more vocal. The Care Crisis challenges the idea that people ever stopped caring, but also that the deep and multi-faceted crises of our time will be solved by simply (re)instilling the virtues of empathy. There is no easy fix.In this groundbreaking book, Emma Dowling charts the multi-faceted nature of care in the modern world, from the mantras of self-care and what they tell us about our anxieties, to the state of the social care system. She examines the relations of power that play profitability and care off in against one another in a myriad of ways, exposing the devastating impact of financialisation and austerity.The Care Crisis enquires into the ways in which the continued off-loading of the cost of care onto the shoulders of underpaid and unpaid realms of society, untangling how this off-loading combines with commodification, marketisation and financialisation to produce the mess we are living in. The Care Crisis charts the current experiments in short-term fixes to the care crisis that are taking place within Britain, with austerity as the backdrop. It maps the economy of abandonment, raising the question: to whom care is afforded? What would it mean to seriously value care?
{"title":"Emma Dowling: The Care Crisis: What Caused It and How Can We End It?","authors":"Tereza Butková","doi":"10.32422/mv-cjir.1812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32422/mv-cjir.1812","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000What is care and who is paying for it? \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Valuing care and care work does not simply mean attributing care work more monetary value. To really achieve change, we must go so much further.As the world becomes seemingly more uncaring, the calls for people to be more compassionate and empathetic towards one another—in short, to care more—become ever-more vocal. The Care Crisis challenges the idea that people ever stopped caring, but also that the deep and multi-faceted crises of our time will be solved by simply (re)instilling the virtues of empathy. There is no easy fix.In this groundbreaking book, Emma Dowling charts the multi-faceted nature of care in the modern world, from the mantras of self-care and what they tell us about our anxieties, to the state of the social care system. She examines the relations of power that play profitability and care off in against one another in a myriad of ways, exposing the devastating impact of financialisation and austerity.The Care Crisis enquires into the ways in which the continued off-loading of the cost of care onto the shoulders of underpaid and unpaid realms of society, untangling how this off-loading combines with commodification, marketisation and financialisation to produce the mess we are living in. The Care Crisis charts the current experiments in short-term fixes to the care crisis that are taking place within Britain, with austerity as the backdrop. It maps the economy of abandonment, raising the question: to whom care is afforded? What would it mean to seriously value care? \u0000","PeriodicalId":39183,"journal":{"name":"Mezinarodni Vztahy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43304057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An emerging literature has shown concerns about the impact of the pandemic on the proliferation of digital surveillance. Contributing to these debates, in this paper we demonstrate how the pandemic facilitates digital surveillance in three ways: (1) By shifting everyday communication to digital means it contributes to the generation of extensive amounts of data susceptible to surveillance. (2) It motivates the development of new digital surveillance tools. (3) The pandemic serves as a perfect justification for governments to prolong digital surveillance. We provide empirical anecdotes for these three effects by examining reports by the Global Digital Policy Incubator at Stanford University. Building on our argument, we conclude that we might be on the verge of a dangerous normalization of digital surveillance. Thus, we call on scholars to consider the full effects of public health crises on politics and suggest scrutinizing sources of digital data and the complex relationships between the state, corporate actors, and the sub-contractors behind digital surveillance.
{"title":"Long-term Prescription? Digital Surveillance is Here to Stay","authors":"Žilvinas Švedkauskas, Ahmed Maati","doi":"10.32422/mv-cjir.1821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32422/mv-cjir.1821","url":null,"abstract":"An emerging literature has shown concerns about the impact of the pandemic on the proliferation of digital surveillance. Contributing to these debates, in this paper we demonstrate how the pandemic facilitates digital surveillance in three ways: (1) By shifting everyday communication to digital means it contributes to the generation of extensive amounts of data susceptible to surveillance. (2) It motivates the development of new digital surveillance tools. (3) The pandemic serves as a perfect justification for governments to prolong digital surveillance. We provide empirical anecdotes for these three effects by examining reports by the Global Digital Policy Incubator at Stanford University. Building on our argument, we conclude that we might be on the verge of a dangerous normalization of digital surveillance. Thus, we call on scholars to consider the full effects of public health crises on politics and suggest scrutinizing sources of digital data and the complex relationships between the state, corporate actors, and the sub-contractors behind digital surveillance.","PeriodicalId":39183,"journal":{"name":"Mezinarodni Vztahy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47241927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on framing as a social movement’s transnational strategy. Applying the cultural approach to framing analysis, it investigates how the Gülen movement, as a social group with restricted access to national gatekeepers, uses discourse to internationalise a domestic power struggle with a powerful opponent. Moving the struggle to the international arena presents a discursive opportunity that determines which ideas become visible and legitimate both internationally and nationally. The importance of such internationalization increases in times of conflict and the media play a vital role in this process. The paper argues that the editors of the pro-Gülen movement foreign online platforms established after the movement was forced into exile following the failed 2016 coup, use strategic framing to tailor their frames for the host context and culture. That increases the resonance of their frames and the potential of the discursive opportunity. The article confirms the previous findings that media are a crucial resource for transnational social movements because policymakers are sensitive to public opinion, which is shaped by media frames.
{"title":"Framing as a Social Movement’s Transnational Strategy: The Gülen Movement’s EU-Turkey Discourses in the Post-2016 Online Media","authors":"Lucie Tungul","doi":"10.32422/mv-cjir.1769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32422/mv-cjir.1769","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on framing as a social movement’s transnational strategy. Applying the cultural approach to framing analysis, it investigates how the Gülen movement, as a social group with restricted access to national gatekeepers, uses discourse to internationalise a domestic power struggle with a powerful opponent. Moving the struggle to the international arena presents a discursive opportunity that determines which ideas become visible and legitimate both internationally and nationally. The importance of such internationalization increases in times of conflict and the media play a vital role in this process. The paper argues that the editors of the pro-Gülen movement foreign online platforms established after the movement was forced into exile following the failed 2016 coup, use strategic framing to tailor their frames for the host context and culture. That increases the resonance of their frames and the potential of the discursive opportunity. The article confirms the previous findings that media are a crucial resource for transnational social movements because policymakers are sensitive to public opinion, which is shaped by media frames.","PeriodicalId":39183,"journal":{"name":"Mezinarodni Vztahy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43160282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the Covid-19 pandemic dominating the agenda, it seems almost natural that it be associated with another buzzword: populism. As the pandemic advances, it seems that the prediction of populism surviving the pandemic due to its own diversity has been proved right, given the variation in responses by populists around the world. One common denominator stands out though: populists across the political spectrum understood the benefits of performing the Covid-19 crisis as a tool to strengthen their political positions. They tried to politicize the pandemic to increase the antagonism between the people and the elites. In this article, I introduce the notion of crisis as both a construct and a performance, and as a useful concept to analyze populist reactions to the pandemic. I argue that notwithstanding the attempts to politicize the pandemic, the Covid-19 crisis ended up imposing its own reality. In other words: the crisis could not be owned by politics.
{"title":"Pandemics as Crisis Performance: How Populists Tried to Take Ownership of the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"E. Resende","doi":"10.32422/mv-cjir.1822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32422/mv-cjir.1822","url":null,"abstract":"With the Covid-19 pandemic dominating the agenda, it seems almost natural that it be associated with another buzzword: populism. As the pandemic advances, it seems that the prediction of populism surviving the pandemic due to its own diversity has been proved right, given the variation in responses by populists around the world. One common denominator stands out though: populists across the political spectrum understood the benefits of performing the Covid-19 crisis as a tool to strengthen their political positions. They tried to politicize the pandemic to increase the antagonism between the people and the elites. In this article, I introduce the notion of crisis as both a construct and a performance, and as a useful concept to analyze populist reactions to the pandemic. I argue that notwithstanding the attempts to politicize the pandemic, the Covid-19 crisis ended up imposing its own reality. In other words: the crisis could not be owned by politics.","PeriodicalId":39183,"journal":{"name":"Mezinarodni Vztahy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42439615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This contribution reviews and comments on recent scholarship on the politics of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on how vulnerability was constructed and studied. We reflect on the various meanings of vulnerability and suggest political science should go beyond individualized and identity-based approaches and see the pandemic conditions as shared and embedded within the already existing social, political, and economic structures. We also examine how our previously identified discursive frames of science and security work in the context of the later pandemic stages and the vaccination rollout and note how these frames continue to render certain lives ungrievable. Our contribution is intended to add to the growing interest in using the concepts of vulnerability, precariousness, and precarity in studies of politics and international relations, as well as in critical studies of public health and the coronavirus pandemic.
{"title":"On the Forms of Vulnerability and Ungrievability in the Pandemic","authors":"Pavol Hardoš, Zuzana Maďarová","doi":"10.32422/mv-cjir.1819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32422/mv-cjir.1819","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution reviews and comments on recent scholarship on the politics of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on how vulnerability was constructed and studied. We reflect on the various meanings of vulnerability and suggest political science should go beyond individualized and identity-based approaches and see the pandemic conditions as shared and embedded within the already existing social, political, and economic structures. We also examine how our previously identified discursive frames of science and security work in the context of the later pandemic stages and the vaccination rollout and note how these frames continue to render certain lives ungrievable. Our contribution is intended to add to the growing interest in using the concepts of vulnerability, precariousness, and precarity in studies of politics and international relations, as well as in critical studies of public health and the coronavirus pandemic.","PeriodicalId":39183,"journal":{"name":"Mezinarodni Vztahy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45583183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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