Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.1027/1192-5604/a000153
E. Capelli, Serena Grumi, Eleonora Fullone, E. Rinaldi, L. Provenzi
Abstract. Recent research suggests that early physical touch provided by caregivers may play a critical role in cognitive and affective development. The discovery of the C-tactile fibers – which selectively respond to low-speed physical stimulations, such as maternal affectionate touch and caresses – opened a promising field of research into the physiological bases of human togetherness. Notably, C-tactile fiber stimulation is primarily elaborated in a specific brain area (i.e., the insula), which is involved in affective and socio-cognitive skills as well as in the development of an individual’s body image. In the present study, we provide a narrative overview of the research conducted so far on the role of maternal affectionate touch in infants’ cognitive and emotional development, and we highlight potential implications for clinical practice with children and adults.
{"title":"An Update on Social Touch","authors":"E. Capelli, Serena Grumi, Eleonora Fullone, E. Rinaldi, L. Provenzi","doi":"10.1027/1192-5604/a000153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000153","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Recent research suggests that early physical touch provided by caregivers may play a critical role in cognitive and affective development. The discovery of the C-tactile fibers – which selectively respond to low-speed physical stimulations, such as maternal affectionate touch and caresses – opened a promising field of research into the physiological bases of human togetherness. Notably, C-tactile fiber stimulation is primarily elaborated in a specific brain area (i.e., the insula), which is involved in affective and socio-cognitive skills as well as in the development of an individual’s body image. In the present study, we provide a narrative overview of the research conducted so far on the role of maternal affectionate touch in infants’ cognitive and emotional development, and we highlight potential implications for clinical practice with children and adults.","PeriodicalId":39365,"journal":{"name":"Rorschachiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77544618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.1027/1192-5604/a000152
S. Christman
Abstract. The Rorschach Test has evolved from an idiosyncratic projective personality test to an evidence-based performance test used widely in forensic settings. The current paper argues that Rorschach researchers should consider the role of two related neuropsychological factors in the assessment of Rorschach responding: the role of the right cerebral hemisphere in the perception of ambiguous figures and the role of individual differences (as a function of consistency of handedness) in responding to ambiguous stimuli. The right hemisphere is more fluent and flexible in the perception of ambiguous stimuli. Moreover, individuals with mixed/inconsistent hand preference have greater access to right hemisphere processing, and, accordingly, are more fluent and flexible in their perception of ambiguous stimuli. This raises the possibility of quantitative and qualitative differences in Rorschach responsivity as a function of test takers’ handedness. Implications of the presence of higher rates of schizotypy in inconsistent-handers are also discussed.
{"title":"The Right Hemisphere and Ambiguity","authors":"S. Christman","doi":"10.1027/1192-5604/a000152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000152","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Rorschach Test has evolved from an idiosyncratic projective personality test to an evidence-based performance test used widely in forensic settings. The current paper argues that Rorschach researchers should consider the role of two related neuropsychological factors in the assessment of Rorschach responding: the role of the right cerebral hemisphere in the perception of ambiguous figures and the role of individual differences (as a function of consistency of handedness) in responding to ambiguous stimuli. The right hemisphere is more fluent and flexible in the perception of ambiguous stimuli. Moreover, individuals with mixed/inconsistent hand preference have greater access to right hemisphere processing, and, accordingly, are more fluent and flexible in their perception of ambiguous stimuli. This raises the possibility of quantitative and qualitative differences in Rorschach responsivity as a function of test takers’ handedness. Implications of the presence of higher rates of schizotypy in inconsistent-handers are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":39365,"journal":{"name":"Rorschachiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77041597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1027/1192-5604/a000157
Luciano Giromini, S. Lettieri, Jessica Bosi, A. Zennaro
Abstract. The Rorschach is one of the most popular performance-based tests and it is thought to provide information on relatively stable individual differences, including respondent inclinations and preferences. To investigate the extent to which minor, nonconscious, emotional fluctuations in the respondent’s mind could influence Rorschach scores, we used a backward masking paradigm. More specifically, each Rorschach card was presented on a computer screen twice, once under a neutral and once under an emotional priming condition. In the neutral priming condition, the target stimulus of the backward masking procedure was a neutral face; in the emotional priming condition, the target stimulus of the backward masking procedure was an angry face. A sample of 182 healthy, adult volunteers contributed to this study. Statistical analyses revealed that Rorschach scores obtained from the neutral versus emotional conditions were similar to each other.
{"title":"The Effects of Subliminal Emotional Priming on Rorschach Responses","authors":"Luciano Giromini, S. Lettieri, Jessica Bosi, A. Zennaro","doi":"10.1027/1192-5604/a000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000157","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Rorschach is one of the most popular performance-based tests and it is thought to provide information on relatively stable individual differences, including respondent inclinations and preferences. To investigate the extent to which minor, nonconscious, emotional fluctuations in the respondent’s mind could influence Rorschach scores, we used a backward masking paradigm. More specifically, each Rorschach card was presented on a computer screen twice, once under a neutral and once under an emotional priming condition. In the neutral priming condition, the target stimulus of the backward masking procedure was a neutral face; in the emotional priming condition, the target stimulus of the backward masking procedure was an angry face. A sample of 182 healthy, adult volunteers contributed to this study. Statistical analyses revealed that Rorschach scores obtained from the neutral versus emotional conditions were similar to each other.","PeriodicalId":39365,"journal":{"name":"Rorschachiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90579005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1027/1192-5604/a000155
J. L. Mihura, C. Jowers, Nicolae Dumitrascu, Alicia W. Villanueva van den Hurk, Philip J. Keddy
Abstract. Our study addresses the question, “In what settings, with what age groups, and for what purposes is the Rorschach used internationally?” We present preliminary results from 342 Rorschach users representing 36 different countries from a survey created as part of the US contribution to a larger international project on teaching and using the Rorschach in different countries. The survey was distributed to R-PAS account holders with a request to forward to non-R-PAS users. Of the respondents, 80% used R-PAS, 35% used the CS, and 17% used both. Overall, 91% used the Rorschach with adults, and 43% and 69% with children and adolescents, respectively. The most common setting was private practice (63%). The most common reason for using the Rorschach was differential diagnosis (65%), with psychosis (58%) and personality disorders (56%) as the main diagnoses. US respondents were more likely to use the Rorschach to assess for psychosis (65% vs. 48%), especially emerging psychosis in adolescents (46% vs. 25%). We discuss the strong meta-analytic support for using the Rorschach to assess psychosis, a use supported by even the test’s staunchest critics. We close by discussing study limitations and future directions, such as translating the survey to different languages and implementing a wider distribution.
{"title":"The Specific Uses of the Rorschach in Clinical Practice","authors":"J. L. Mihura, C. Jowers, Nicolae Dumitrascu, Alicia W. Villanueva van den Hurk, Philip J. Keddy","doi":"10.1027/1192-5604/a000155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000155","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Our study addresses the question, “In what settings, with what age groups, and for what purposes is the Rorschach used internationally?” We present preliminary results from 342 Rorschach users representing 36 different countries from a survey created as part of the US contribution to a larger international project on teaching and using the Rorschach in different countries. The survey was distributed to R-PAS account holders with a request to forward to non-R-PAS users. Of the respondents, 80% used R-PAS, 35% used the CS, and 17% used both. Overall, 91% used the Rorschach with adults, and 43% and 69% with children and adolescents, respectively. The most common setting was private practice (63%). The most common reason for using the Rorschach was differential diagnosis (65%), with psychosis (58%) and personality disorders (56%) as the main diagnoses. US respondents were more likely to use the Rorschach to assess for psychosis (65% vs. 48%), especially emerging psychosis in adolescents (46% vs. 25%). We discuss the strong meta-analytic support for using the Rorschach to assess psychosis, a use supported by even the test’s staunchest critics. We close by discussing study limitations and future directions, such as translating the survey to different languages and implementing a wider distribution.","PeriodicalId":39365,"journal":{"name":"Rorschachiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85745259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1027/1192-5604/a000151
C. Prudent, J. H. Kleiger, O. Husain, C. de Tychey
Abstract. This manuscript presents a single case study of a psychotically disturbed adult male (whom we call “Peter”), focusing on similarities and differences in Rorschach interpretation based on three different Rorschach approaches. Specific questions were raised as to whether the client suffered from a paranoid psychosis (paranoia) or paranoid schizophrenia. Three distinct models of psychopathology and Rorschach interpretation are initially presented. We then address Peter’s psychotic symptoms, according to the Parisian approach (specifically the Nancy French subgroup), the Lausanne Rorschach approach, and the American Rorschach approach (Comprehensive System and R-PAS). Analysis shows many convergences between the three approaches on the client’s nature of conflicts and links to reality, object relations, self-representation and anxiety, defense mechanisms, and disordered thinking, but interpretation of these variables differed somewhat despite agreement on a diagnosis within the psychotic spectrum. Concluding remarks discuss the divergences and point out the limitations of a case study method. Future research is suggested.
{"title":"On Psychosis","authors":"C. Prudent, J. H. Kleiger, O. Husain, C. de Tychey","doi":"10.1027/1192-5604/a000151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000151","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This manuscript presents a single case study of a psychotically disturbed adult male (whom we call “Peter”), focusing on similarities and differences in Rorschach interpretation based on three different Rorschach approaches. Specific questions were raised as to whether the client suffered from a paranoid psychosis (paranoia) or paranoid schizophrenia. Three distinct models of psychopathology and Rorschach interpretation are initially presented. We then address Peter’s psychotic symptoms, according to the Parisian approach (specifically the Nancy French subgroup), the Lausanne Rorschach approach, and the American Rorschach approach (Comprehensive System and R-PAS). Analysis shows many convergences between the three approaches on the client’s nature of conflicts and links to reality, object relations, self-representation and anxiety, defense mechanisms, and disordered thinking, but interpretation of these variables differed somewhat despite agreement on a diagnosis within the psychotic spectrum. Concluding remarks discuss the divergences and point out the limitations of a case study method. Future research is suggested.","PeriodicalId":39365,"journal":{"name":"Rorschachiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82147161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1027/1192-5604/a000143
S. Gold
{"title":"A Commentary on “The Rorschach and Trauma” (Kaser-Boyd, 2021)","authors":"S. Gold","doi":"10.1027/1192-5604/a000143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39365,"journal":{"name":"Rorschachiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88992314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1027/1192-5604/a000144
Anita L. Boss
{"title":"A Commentary on “The Rorschach and Violent Crime” (de Ruiter, 2021)","authors":"Anita L. Boss","doi":"10.1027/1192-5604/a000144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39365,"journal":{"name":"Rorschachiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77446554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1027/1192-5604/a000136
Silvia Monica Guinzbourg de Braude, S. Vibert, Tommaso Righetti, Arianna Antonelli
Abstract. In this article we review research on eating disorders with the Rorschach. In this field there are two main lines of research involving two specific methodologies: the Comprehensive System and the French school. We present the main results of the different studies separately and then comment on some similarities and differences in the findings. We find that the results of these studies are complementary on certain aspects of functioning found in anorexia nervosa as compared with other categories of eating disorders. Both sets of studies underline the self-centeredness of anorexic patients with their difficulty in communicating their feelings and thoughts. In both types of study, treatment is understood as relying on an integrative and multidisciplinary model that seeks to modify the eating behaviors and to improve ego functions in order to moderate the patient’s distress. In addition, both types of research show that secure attachment would be the first priority for the therapist in psychological treatment, which should increase the patient’s confidence in others. They also both stress the importance of the restoration of self-esteem and a sense of identity through the support offered by the relationship to the therapist.
{"title":"Eating Disorders and the Rorschach","authors":"Silvia Monica Guinzbourg de Braude, S. Vibert, Tommaso Righetti, Arianna Antonelli","doi":"10.1027/1192-5604/a000136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000136","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In this article we review research on eating disorders with the Rorschach. In this field there are two main lines of research involving two specific methodologies: the Comprehensive System and the French school. We present the main results of the different studies separately and then comment on some similarities and differences in the findings. We find that the results of these studies are complementary on certain aspects of functioning found in anorexia nervosa as compared with other categories of eating disorders. Both sets of studies underline the self-centeredness of anorexic patients with their difficulty in communicating their feelings and thoughts. In both types of study, treatment is understood as relying on an integrative and multidisciplinary model that seeks to modify the eating behaviors and to improve ego functions in order to moderate the patient’s distress. In addition, both types of research show that secure attachment would be the first priority for the therapist in psychological treatment, which should increase the patient’s confidence in others. They also both stress the importance of the restoration of self-esteem and a sense of identity through the support offered by the relationship to the therapist.","PeriodicalId":39365,"journal":{"name":"Rorschachiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87136901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1027/1192-5604/a000132
J. H. Kleiger, J. L. Mihura
Abstract. In its first 100 years, the Rorschach has been heralded as a valuable method for investigating disturbances in thought organization and reasoning. It has survived periods of intense scrutiny and criticism, as contemporary researchers continued to demonstrate the empirical validity of the Rorschach as a measure of disordered thinking ( Mihura et al., 2013 ). It is fitting to mark the centenary of Rorschach’s “experiment” by summarizing contemporary contributions of the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) and reviewing the empirical and conceptual bases for using the inkblots to assess disordered thinking and communication.
摘要在最初的100年里，罗夏墨迹测验被认为是研究思维组织和推理紊乱的一种有价值的方法。它经受住了一段时间的严格审查和批评，因为当代研究人员继续证明罗夏墨画作为一种衡量思维紊乱的经验有效性(Mihura et al.， 2013)。总结罗夏表现评估系统(R-PAS)在当代的贡献，并回顾使用墨迹来评估思维障碍和沟通障碍的经验和概念基础，是纪念罗夏“实验”一百周年的恰当之举。
{"title":"Developments in the Rorschach Assessment of Disordered Thinking and Communication","authors":"J. H. Kleiger, J. L. Mihura","doi":"10.1027/1192-5604/a000132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000132","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In its first 100 years, the Rorschach has been heralded as a valuable method for investigating disturbances in thought organization and reasoning. It has survived periods of intense scrutiny and criticism, as contemporary researchers continued to demonstrate the empirical validity of the Rorschach as a measure of disordered thinking ( Mihura et al., 2013 ). It is fitting to mark the centenary of Rorschach’s “experiment” by summarizing contemporary contributions of the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) and reviewing the empirical and conceptual bases for using the inkblots to assess disordered thinking and communication.","PeriodicalId":39365,"journal":{"name":"Rorschachiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76653200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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