Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2022.2123419
J. Berg
ABSTRACT This study extends the labor market competition perspective of immigration attitudes by examining the influence of occupational stress and employer-sponsored stress management programs on native-born, full-time workers’ opinions toward immigration levels. Binary logit and ordered logit models, with data from the 2018 General Social Survey, test the predictions of three occupational stress theories: job demands-control-support, effort-reward balance, and distributive justice. The results indicate that native-born, non-Hispanic white workers and native-born, Latino workers who are unable to develop their occupational skills on the job have greater odds of favoring reduced immigration. Job insecurity, lack of promotion opportunities, and poor intercolleague respect also negatively affect native-born, non-Hispanic white workers’ immigration opinions, while having to expend greater physical effort and having less time to complete the work negatively affect native-born, Latino workers’ immigration opinions. At the same time, native-born, non-Hispanic white workers who participate in stress management training have significantly greater odds of supporting increased immigration levels and significantly lower odds of desiring lower immigration levels. As immigration to the United States remains strong, understanding the social processes of native-born employee perceptions and the solutions to problematic intergroup relations may benefit individuals, businesses, and the economy.
{"title":"Does Occupational Stress Play a Role in Forming Restrictionist Immigration Opinions?","authors":"J. Berg","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2022.2123419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2022.2123419","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study extends the labor market competition perspective of immigration attitudes by examining the influence of occupational stress and employer-sponsored stress management programs on native-born, full-time workers’ opinions toward immigration levels. Binary logit and ordered logit models, with data from the 2018 General Social Survey, test the predictions of three occupational stress theories: job demands-control-support, effort-reward balance, and distributive justice. The results indicate that native-born, non-Hispanic white workers and native-born, Latino workers who are unable to develop their occupational skills on the job have greater odds of favoring reduced immigration. Job insecurity, lack of promotion opportunities, and poor intercolleague respect also negatively affect native-born, non-Hispanic white workers’ immigration opinions, while having to expend greater physical effort and having less time to complete the work negatively affect native-born, Latino workers’ immigration opinions. At the same time, native-born, non-Hispanic white workers who participate in stress management training have significantly greater odds of supporting increased immigration levels and significantly lower odds of desiring lower immigration levels. As immigration to the United States remains strong, understanding the social processes of native-born employee perceptions and the solutions to problematic intergroup relations may benefit individuals, businesses, and the economy.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"55 1","pages":"353 - 371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49468859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2022.2073576
Yan Dalla Pria, C. Bonnet
ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of professionalization and mediatization of rugby on the representations of masculinity in this sport over the last quarter century. Data used for both statistical analysis (using chi-square tests of independence and Multiple Correspondence Analysis) and qualitative content analysis were collected in France through a corpus of 799 rugby-related advertisements mainly dating from 1987 to 2015. The authors demonstrate that, alongside the hegemonic masculinity produced by the socialization of rugby players until the 1980s (the “Beast”), the marketization of elite rugby that began in the 1990s has led to the emergence of an alternative figure of masculinity that values aesthetics over physical strength (the “Beefcake”). The authors theorize this hybridization as a way for rugby players, who follow the lead of advertisers and communications agencies, to distance themselves from the increasingly stigmatized figure of masculinity embodied by their sport in order to entice new audiences. Simultaneously, while allowing them to seize the financial manna of advertising, this rebranding reveals the plasticity of the hegemonic masculinity conveyed by rugby, which is able to regenerate itself by evolving with the times. Based on this case, the authors then discuss the dialectic relationship between the hegemonic model and hybrid masculinities in both a synchronic and a diachronic perspective.
{"title":"The Beefcake and the Beast: Professionalization, Mediatization, and the Representations of Masculinity in French Rugby","authors":"Yan Dalla Pria, C. Bonnet","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2022.2073576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2022.2073576","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of professionalization and mediatization of rugby on the representations of masculinity in this sport over the last quarter century. Data used for both statistical analysis (using chi-square tests of independence and Multiple Correspondence Analysis) and qualitative content analysis were collected in France through a corpus of 799 rugby-related advertisements mainly dating from 1987 to 2015. The authors demonstrate that, alongside the hegemonic masculinity produced by the socialization of rugby players until the 1980s (the “Beast”), the marketization of elite rugby that began in the 1990s has led to the emergence of an alternative figure of masculinity that values aesthetics over physical strength (the “Beefcake”). The authors theorize this hybridization as a way for rugby players, who follow the lead of advertisers and communications agencies, to distance themselves from the increasingly stigmatized figure of masculinity embodied by their sport in order to entice new audiences. Simultaneously, while allowing them to seize the financial manna of advertising, this rebranding reveals the plasticity of the hegemonic masculinity conveyed by rugby, which is able to regenerate itself by evolving with the times. Based on this case, the authors then discuss the dialectic relationship between the hegemonic model and hybrid masculinities in both a synchronic and a diachronic perspective.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"55 1","pages":"285 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45363961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2022.2080779
Alex R. Colucci
ABSTRACT Disc golf is experiencing immense recent growth that, in 2020, noticeably outpaced the steady growth seen in the sport over the past decade. This spirited movement has vaulted disc golf into the position of a suddenly and perhaps unexpectedly emerging sport. “Growth” has become a central paradigm around which the sport (its institutions and participants) concentrates. Alongside this emergence, social and political issues emerge, unexpectedly for some, from the sport’s (recent) past that serve to challenge its present trajectory. To examine these emergences, I develop Derrida’s associated concepts of hauntology, absence/presence, and the trace to draw out and play with connections between the sport’s emergence issues. Revolving around “growth” as a central paradigm, production, excess, access, diversity, inclusion, toxicity, and sustainability all appear as related issues in the sport’s emergent present. Beginning with empirically based vignettes, I question the present social material condition of disc golf. This questioning, and emerging understanding, proceeds by drawing connections between the present condition of social relations in the sport and social and political theory. Here, I draw on an array of post-structural and political-economic theory during my analysis to carry through the vocabulary established by a hauntological framework and a sense of play. The resulting deconstruction provides both a playful vocabulary and conceptual apparatus for analyzing disc golf’s emergence and the status of other emerging sports. This process, in turn, demonstrates the transformative potential of embracing the decentering, disruptive potential inherent to ‘play’ in the double sense. The “play” of writing (with language) and the “play” of direct action that promotes difference to challenge fixed positions that are central to producing cultural phenomena, such as disc golf.
{"title":"Emergent Specters and Disruptive Play in the Production of Disc Golf","authors":"Alex R. Colucci","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2022.2080779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2022.2080779","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Disc golf is experiencing immense recent growth that, in 2020, noticeably outpaced the steady growth seen in the sport over the past decade. This spirited movement has vaulted disc golf into the position of a suddenly and perhaps unexpectedly emerging sport. “Growth” has become a central paradigm around which the sport (its institutions and participants) concentrates. Alongside this emergence, social and political issues emerge, unexpectedly for some, from the sport’s (recent) past that serve to challenge its present trajectory. To examine these emergences, I develop Derrida’s associated concepts of hauntology, absence/presence, and the trace to draw out and play with connections between the sport’s emergence issues. Revolving around “growth” as a central paradigm, production, excess, access, diversity, inclusion, toxicity, and sustainability all appear as related issues in the sport’s emergent present. Beginning with empirically based vignettes, I question the present social material condition of disc golf. This questioning, and emerging understanding, proceeds by drawing connections between the present condition of social relations in the sport and social and political theory. Here, I draw on an array of post-structural and political-economic theory during my analysis to carry through the vocabulary established by a hauntological framework and a sense of play. The resulting deconstruction provides both a playful vocabulary and conceptual apparatus for analyzing disc golf’s emergence and the status of other emerging sports. This process, in turn, demonstrates the transformative potential of embracing the decentering, disruptive potential inherent to ‘play’ in the double sense. The “play” of writing (with language) and the “play” of direct action that promotes difference to challenge fixed positions that are central to producing cultural phenomena, such as disc golf.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"55 1","pages":"236 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47395720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2022.2067927
Kaitlin Pericak, Brandon P. Martinez
ABSTRACT Interscholastic sports are an important resource that provides access to social, cultural, and economic capital; however, not all students have equal access to sports in public high schools. Utilizing theories of systemic racism, this study shows how racism affects housing and property taxes, which shapes resources provided in public schools. The authors use the example of interscholastic sports as a school resource to highlight another form of resource inequality in public schools. Findings reveal that public schools with more White students have more sports while schools with more Black students have fewer sports. Findings also reveal that public schools with more students on free lunch have fewer sports than schools with fewer students on free lunch. The authors argue that the lack of access to interscholastic sports is another way in which racial and class inequality is perpetuated in Miami-Dade County, Florida.
{"title":"How Systemic Racism Shapes Access to Interscholastic Sports and Why It Matters","authors":"Kaitlin Pericak, Brandon P. Martinez","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2022.2067927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2022.2067927","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Interscholastic sports are an important resource that provides access to social, cultural, and economic capital; however, not all students have equal access to sports in public high schools. Utilizing theories of systemic racism, this study shows how racism affects housing and property taxes, which shapes resources provided in public schools. The authors use the example of interscholastic sports as a school resource to highlight another form of resource inequality in public schools. Findings reveal that public schools with more White students have more sports while schools with more Black students have fewer sports. Findings also reveal that public schools with more students on free lunch have fewer sports than schools with fewer students on free lunch. The authors argue that the lack of access to interscholastic sports is another way in which racial and class inequality is perpetuated in Miami-Dade County, Florida.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"55 1","pages":"271 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43938862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-13DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2022.2081003
J. Woods
central and analytical tools for to some
中央和分析工具的一些
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue on Emerging Sports","authors":"J. Woods","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2022.2081003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2022.2081003","url":null,"abstract":"central and analytical tools for to some","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"55 1","pages":"213 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42914175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2022.2068098
Nicholas W. Howe Bukowski
ABSTRACT This article serves to answer the question, “What sustains the continued relevance of darts for working-class men in postindustrial Britain?” Darts remains a deeply popular activity and increasingly popular spectator sport in contemporary Britain, with common associations with the social clubs, working men’s clubs, and pubs of industrial Britain. This article addresses the continued place of darts within the context of the deeply destructive process of structural economic change that has transformed the country’s economic, social, and physical landscape and has deeply altered forms of working-class spaces of leisure from pubs to social clubs in long-standing neighborhoods. The author argues that darts is a medium that acts as a form of bridging between the periods of industrial and postindustrial Britain so as to continue working-class modes of socialization and relations that have been altered with the shift to postindustrialism. Darts acts as a mode of orientation and direction—a “way of life”—that mediates and enables a connection between industrial and postindustrial Britain. Moreover, the continuation of playing darts allows for the continuation of spaces of kinship and socialization for working-class men within profound gentrification and the transformation of London into a “Global City” dictated by financial capital. This basis of this article is derived from interviews and observation conducted at a series of amateur darts events across Greater London in January 2016. This article allows for a consideration of the role of leisure and sport within continued institutions and memories of class.
{"title":"Between the Oche and Treble-Twenty: Darts as a “Way of Life” in Contemporary London","authors":"Nicholas W. Howe Bukowski","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2022.2068098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2022.2068098","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article serves to answer the question, “What sustains the continued relevance of darts for working-class men in postindustrial Britain?” Darts remains a deeply popular activity and increasingly popular spectator sport in contemporary Britain, with common associations with the social clubs, working men’s clubs, and pubs of industrial Britain. This article addresses the continued place of darts within the context of the deeply destructive process of structural economic change that has transformed the country’s economic, social, and physical landscape and has deeply altered forms of working-class spaces of leisure from pubs to social clubs in long-standing neighborhoods. The author argues that darts is a medium that acts as a form of bridging between the periods of industrial and postindustrial Britain so as to continue working-class modes of socialization and relations that have been altered with the shift to postindustrialism. Darts acts as a mode of orientation and direction—a “way of life”—that mediates and enables a connection between industrial and postindustrial Britain. Moreover, the continuation of playing darts allows for the continuation of spaces of kinship and socialization for working-class men within profound gentrification and the transformation of London into a “Global City” dictated by financial capital. This basis of this article is derived from interviews and observation conducted at a series of amateur darts events across Greater London in January 2016. This article allows for a consideration of the role of leisure and sport within continued institutions and memories of class.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"55 1","pages":"220 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46982577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2022.2066589
A. L. Jensen, L. Thing
ABSTRACT Many people consider pole dancing to be a feminine leisure activity and a female dominated space, but it has recently gained observer status in the Global Association of International Sports Federation (GAISF), thus entering into the field of sport where hegemonic masculinity has historically prevailed. The strong connections between gender, body, and sport and the gender inequalities that permeate the sports culture make it interesting to explore the enabling and constraining factors of performing gender in recreational (i.e., nonoccupational) pole dancing, which is the aim of this article. The methodical approach is qualitative and inspired by ethnography. The article is based on a field study done in Copenhagen, Denmark, including observation, participation, and interviews. The theoretical perspective takes its point of departure in Judith Butler’s theory in Gender Trouble. First, the authors found that the body ideal in pole dance includes both feminine and masculine qualities. The analysis also shows that the different styles of pole dancing (i.e., “sportified” or “sexualized”) and the context in which pole dancing is practiced (i.e., women only or mixed sex) makes a difference regarding what enables and constrains men and women when it comes to performing gender. Inspired by Butler, the authors also discuss which possibilities pole dancing holds for performing gender in new ways, thus challenging oppressive gender norms. Finally, the authors discuss the implications of pole dance becoming a sport in relation to the possibilities of performing gender.
{"title":"Performing Gender in Recreational Pole Dancing: Enabling and Constraining Factors","authors":"A. L. Jensen, L. Thing","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2022.2066589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2022.2066589","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many people consider pole dancing to be a feminine leisure activity and a female dominated space, but it has recently gained observer status in the Global Association of International Sports Federation (GAISF), thus entering into the field of sport where hegemonic masculinity has historically prevailed. The strong connections between gender, body, and sport and the gender inequalities that permeate the sports culture make it interesting to explore the enabling and constraining factors of performing gender in recreational (i.e., nonoccupational) pole dancing, which is the aim of this article. The methodical approach is qualitative and inspired by ethnography. The article is based on a field study done in Copenhagen, Denmark, including observation, participation, and interviews. The theoretical perspective takes its point of departure in Judith Butler’s theory in Gender Trouble. First, the authors found that the body ideal in pole dance includes both feminine and masculine qualities. The analysis also shows that the different styles of pole dancing (i.e., “sportified” or “sexualized”) and the context in which pole dancing is practiced (i.e., women only or mixed sex) makes a difference regarding what enables and constrains men and women when it comes to performing gender. Inspired by Butler, the authors also discuss which possibilities pole dancing holds for performing gender in new ways, thus challenging oppressive gender norms. Finally, the authors discuss the implications of pole dance becoming a sport in relation to the possibilities of performing gender.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"55 1","pages":"254 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42842018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2022.2046667
S. M. Alexander, Nicole Aggarwal, Anastasia M. Hite
ABSTRACT This study provides a qualitative content analysis of 66 white power songs, uploaded on YouTube between 2013 and 2019, by male musicians from seven countries. Three overarching themes are found in the lyrics: hatred of perceived enemies, justified actions against these enemies, and the adoption of white nationalist values. However, the data also show that the details of these themes vary by time and location. The authors argue that online white power music introduces fluid and contextualized ideologies of white male nationalism rather than repeating a fixed and static ideology. The effect of widely disseminating the various white nationalist ideologies online, as embedded in this cultural product featuring men, will be to normalize a range of offline thoughts and behaviors that were once widely condemned.
{"title":"Disseminating White Male Nationalist Discourses via YouTube: An Analysis of White Power Music Lyrics","authors":"S. M. Alexander, Nicole Aggarwal, Anastasia M. Hite","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2022.2046667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2022.2046667","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study provides a qualitative content analysis of 66 white power songs, uploaded on YouTube between 2013 and 2019, by male musicians from seven countries. Three overarching themes are found in the lyrics: hatred of perceived enemies, justified actions against these enemies, and the adoption of white nationalist values. However, the data also show that the details of these themes vary by time and location. The authors argue that online white power music introduces fluid and contextualized ideologies of white male nationalism rather than repeating a fixed and static ideology. The effect of widely disseminating the various white nationalist ideologies online, as embedded in this cultural product featuring men, will be to normalize a range of offline thoughts and behaviors that were once widely condemned.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"55 1","pages":"151 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42265949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2022.2054482
B. Spencer, S. Artis, Marjorie C. Shavers, S. Lesure, Aishwarya P. Joshi
ABSTRACT This qualitative study explored how 21 Black women enrolled in engineering and computing doctoral programs characterize and understand how they code-switch. We define code-switching as when Black women consciously or unconsciously modify the way they behave in engineering and computing environments to dissociate themselves from negative stereotypes held against their intersectional identities across gender and race. Utilizing Black feminist thought (BFT) as a theoretical framework, this study found that Black women experienced a host of detrimental challenges. Due to their environments, participants modified how they dressed and spoke in a conscious attempt to avoid reinforcing negative stereotypes held against Black women (i.e., the angry Black woman, the incompetent Black woman scientist, negative connotations of Black sounding names, and respectability politics of Black womanhood) and instead dispel these myths. To cope with the effects of code-switching, Black women relied heavily on their spirituality and identifying ways to reaffirm their Blackness. The implications of the findings indicate that Black women experience stress due to code-switching because of the stereotypes they encounter at the intersection of their gender and race.
{"title":"To Code-Switch or Not to Code-Switch: The Psychosocial Ramifications of Being Resilient Black Women Engineering and Computing Doctoral Students","authors":"B. Spencer, S. Artis, Marjorie C. Shavers, S. Lesure, Aishwarya P. Joshi","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2022.2054482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2022.2054482","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This qualitative study explored how 21 Black women enrolled in engineering and computing doctoral programs characterize and understand how they code-switch. We define code-switching as when Black women consciously or unconsciously modify the way they behave in engineering and computing environments to dissociate themselves from negative stereotypes held against their intersectional identities across gender and race. Utilizing Black feminist thought (BFT) as a theoretical framework, this study found that Black women experienced a host of detrimental challenges. Due to their environments, participants modified how they dressed and spoke in a conscious attempt to avoid reinforcing negative stereotypes held against Black women (i.e., the angry Black woman, the incompetent Black woman scientist, negative connotations of Black sounding names, and respectability politics of Black womanhood) and instead dispel these myths. To cope with the effects of code-switching, Black women relied heavily on their spirituality and identifying ways to reaffirm their Blackness. The implications of the findings indicate that Black women experience stress due to code-switching because of the stereotypes they encounter at the intersection of their gender and race.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"55 1","pages":"130 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44276712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2022.2048757
Ellen M. Whitehead
ABSTRACT Social connections between neighbors are critical to the livelihoods of low-income families, but the strength of ties may depend on whether residents receive assistance to live in their home and neighborhood. Prior research has documented that housing voucher recipients and those living within public housing can experience relatively weaker social integration within their neighborhoods, while homeowners tend to exhibit the strongest neighborhood attachment levels. However, we know less about those receiving private housing support by coresiding with friends and family. Using data from the Year 5 Follow-Up of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 3,912), this study examines the association between housing status and multiple indicators of neighborhood social integration. Results from logistic and linear regression models demonstrate that coresiders do not differ in terms of how well they know their neighbors, relative to homeowners, but perceive significantly lower levels of neighborhood social cohesion and engage less frequently with community organizations. Coresiders are distinctive from owners, renters, and public support recipients in terms of neighborhood attachment, yet data on this group is often obscured in surveys focused on household heads. Distinguishing between public and private support lends insight into the mechanisms that influence social integration, with living with family or friends potentially offering social entrée into a neighborhood.
{"title":"Heterogeneity in Neighborhood Social Integration: Understanding the Role of Private Support","authors":"Ellen M. Whitehead","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2022.2048757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2022.2048757","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Social connections between neighbors are critical to the livelihoods of low-income families, but the strength of ties may depend on whether residents receive assistance to live in their home and neighborhood. Prior research has documented that housing voucher recipients and those living within public housing can experience relatively weaker social integration within their neighborhoods, while homeowners tend to exhibit the strongest neighborhood attachment levels. However, we know less about those receiving private housing support by coresiding with friends and family. Using data from the Year 5 Follow-Up of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 3,912), this study examines the association between housing status and multiple indicators of neighborhood social integration. Results from logistic and linear regression models demonstrate that coresiders do not differ in terms of how well they know their neighbors, relative to homeowners, but perceive significantly lower levels of neighborhood social cohesion and engage less frequently with community organizations. Coresiders are distinctive from owners, renters, and public support recipients in terms of neighborhood attachment, yet data on this group is often obscured in surveys focused on household heads. Distinguishing between public and private support lends insight into the mechanisms that influence social integration, with living with family or friends potentially offering social entrée into a neighborhood.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"55 1","pages":"109 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48170294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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