Pub Date : 2018-05-14DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409700
Dmitrii G. Shadrin, A. Somov, T. Podladchikova, R. Gerzer
The growing of Earth population and the need of food provisioning to remote areas make pervasive agriculture the research problem of high priority. In this work, we present a 2D/3D scanning system with the intelligent data processing mechanism which can be easily deployed in a greenhouse. The proposed solution enables finding of correlations between the leaf area and biomass and thereby helps predict the plant metrics including the growth rate and leaf area. This knowledge is of particular significance for actuating the plant growth parameters depending on the context and feedback. Our experimental results conducted on two sorts of tomatoes and salad demonstrate high potential of this approach.
{"title":"Pervasive agriculture: Measuring and predicting plant growth using statistics and 2D/3D imaging","authors":"Dmitrii G. Shadrin, A. Somov, T. Podladchikova, R. Gerzer","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409700","url":null,"abstract":"The growing of Earth population and the need of food provisioning to remote areas make pervasive agriculture the research problem of high priority. In this work, we present a 2D/3D scanning system with the intelligent data processing mechanism which can be easily deployed in a greenhouse. The proposed solution enables finding of correlations between the leaf area and biomass and thereby helps predict the plant metrics including the growth rate and leaf area. This knowledge is of particular significance for actuating the plant growth parameters depending on the context and feedback. Our experimental results conducted on two sorts of tomatoes and salad demonstrate high potential of this approach.","PeriodicalId":393766,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124976143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-14DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409663
Matthias Rath, Pascal Piecha, M. Neumayer
Ongoing research in emission reduction requires accurate load detection for combustion engines with a limited number of sensors. Therefore, fast estimation of load temperature is essential. Temperature measurements are influenced by the thermal properties of the sensor itself as well as its position and mounting method. In this paper, the transient thermal behavior of the engine's crankcase and the temperature sensor for load detection is modeled as a low-pass transfer function. The unknown parameters of the transfer function are identified from experimental measurements. Maximum likelihood estimation and Kalman filtering are used to estimate the original temperature from disturbed measurements. Estimator performance is evaluated via simulations of randomized test scenarios in a Monte Carlo fashion. Influences of the model errors, the measurement noise and the estimation window-time are investigated.
{"title":"Evaluation of algorithms for temperature estimation in a crankcase","authors":"Matthias Rath, Pascal Piecha, M. Neumayer","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409663","url":null,"abstract":"Ongoing research in emission reduction requires accurate load detection for combustion engines with a limited number of sensors. Therefore, fast estimation of load temperature is essential. Temperature measurements are influenced by the thermal properties of the sensor itself as well as its position and mounting method. In this paper, the transient thermal behavior of the engine's crankcase and the temperature sensor for load detection is modeled as a low-pass transfer function. The unknown parameters of the transfer function are identified from experimental measurements. Maximum likelihood estimation and Kalman filtering are used to estimate the original temperature from disturbed measurements. Estimator performance is evaluated via simulations of randomized test scenarios in a Monte Carlo fashion. Influences of the model errors, the measurement noise and the estimation window-time are investigated.","PeriodicalId":393766,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125074030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-14DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409694
A. Cataliotti, V. Cosentino, G. Crotti, D. Giordano, M. Modarres, D. D. Cara, G. Tinè, D. Gallo, C. Landi, M. Luiso
In the new electrical system scenario, the increasing presence of non-linear loads and renewable energy sources makes the measurement of harmonics an essential task. The accuracy of harmonic measurement firstly depends on the used instrument transformers for voltage and current sensing. Since the behavior of instrument transformers in non-sinusoidal conditions is not always well defined, this paper presents an experimental study on the metrological performances of current and voltage instrument transformers (CTs and VTs) in the presence of harmonics. Proper tests procedures are defined and measurement setups are developed for both CTs and VTs calibration. The analysis is carried out by using test waveforms composed of a fundamental and one harmonic component. The harmonic ratio and phase errors are evaluated; the distortion effects on the errors on the fundamental component measurement are also investigated. The obtained results show how the metrological performances in harmonics measurement are influenced by both amplitude and phase shift of the harmonics.
{"title":"Metrological performances of voltage and current instrument transformers in harmonics measurements","authors":"A. Cataliotti, V. Cosentino, G. Crotti, D. Giordano, M. Modarres, D. D. Cara, G. Tinè, D. Gallo, C. Landi, M. Luiso","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409694","url":null,"abstract":"In the new electrical system scenario, the increasing presence of non-linear loads and renewable energy sources makes the measurement of harmonics an essential task. The accuracy of harmonic measurement firstly depends on the used instrument transformers for voltage and current sensing. Since the behavior of instrument transformers in non-sinusoidal conditions is not always well defined, this paper presents an experimental study on the metrological performances of current and voltage instrument transformers (CTs and VTs) in the presence of harmonics. Proper tests procedures are defined and measurement setups are developed for both CTs and VTs calibration. The analysis is carried out by using test waveforms composed of a fundamental and one harmonic component. The harmonic ratio and phase errors are evaluated; the distortion effects on the errors on the fundamental component measurement are also investigated. The obtained results show how the metrological performances in harmonics measurement are influenced by both amplitude and phase shift of the harmonics.","PeriodicalId":393766,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"4320 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128802596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-14DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409530
Shengnan Zhang, Yanbin Xu, F. Dong
Ultrasound plays a crucial role in medical examination and treatment. Based on the different effects of tissues excited by focused ultrasound, a novel imaging method of being able to provide multi-characteristic information of tissue is explored. The principles of Acousto-electric (AE) effect and acoustic radiation force (ARF) are introduced respectively. The feasibility of obtaining multi-characteristic information of tissue by combining ultrasound modulated electrical impedance tomography (UMEIT) and acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging is verified by theoretical analysis and simulation experiments. In addition, the preliminary system is proposed, and the reconstructed images confirm that this method is effective. This method is expected to provide much more information of tissue for diagnosis, and break the limitation of medical diagnosis from a single characteristic imaging to gain a result with high accuracy and efficient.
{"title":"On the feasibility of multi-characteristic parameter imaging of tissues","authors":"Shengnan Zhang, Yanbin Xu, F. Dong","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409530","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound plays a crucial role in medical examination and treatment. Based on the different effects of tissues excited by focused ultrasound, a novel imaging method of being able to provide multi-characteristic information of tissue is explored. The principles of Acousto-electric (AE) effect and acoustic radiation force (ARF) are introduced respectively. The feasibility of obtaining multi-characteristic information of tissue by combining ultrasound modulated electrical impedance tomography (UMEIT) and acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging is verified by theoretical analysis and simulation experiments. In addition, the preliminary system is proposed, and the reconstructed images confirm that this method is effective. This method is expected to provide much more information of tissue for diagnosis, and break the limitation of medical diagnosis from a single characteristic imaging to gain a result with high accuracy and efficient.","PeriodicalId":393766,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129518633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-14DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409824
M. Abou-Khousa, K. T. M. Shafi, Xingyu Xie
Non-invasive inspection, material evaluation and characterization are of paramount importance for quality control and structural health monitoring in various applications. Microwave imaging modalities have proven significant potential in such applications. Herein, a substrate integrated waveguide cavity-backed slot antenna is designed to operate in the X-band frequency range. The proposed antenna is modeled and analyzed using an electromagnetic simulation software, and its near-field characteristics are verified experimentally. The utility of the proposed antenna for imaging applications is demonstrated by imaging low-loss and high-loss material samples.
{"title":"Substrate integrated waveguide cavity-backed slot antenna for X-band imaging applications","authors":"M. Abou-Khousa, K. T. M. Shafi, Xingyu Xie","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409824","url":null,"abstract":"Non-invasive inspection, material evaluation and characterization are of paramount importance for quality control and structural health monitoring in various applications. Microwave imaging modalities have proven significant potential in such applications. Herein, a substrate integrated waveguide cavity-backed slot antenna is designed to operate in the X-band frequency range. The proposed antenna is modeled and analyzed using an electromagnetic simulation software, and its near-field characteristics are verified experimentally. The utility of the proposed antenna for imaging applications is demonstrated by imaging low-loss and high-loss material samples.","PeriodicalId":393766,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129013053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-14DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409631
A. Mirala, M. Ghasr, K. Donnell
Radio-frequency absorbing materials (RAM) are widely used to reduce electromagnetic interference and scattering from reflective (e.g. conductive) surfaces such as those utilized in aerospace and military applications. Thus, it is important to nondestructively assess such structures for their structural health (i.e., defect detection). To this end, active microwave thermography (AMT) is considered as a viable solution. AMT utilizes a microwave-based thermal excitation for structures/materials under inspection. The resulting surface thermal profile is measured with a thermal camera. As it relates to structures with a microwave-absorbing surface, the surface (when illuminated by microwave radiation) absorbs this energy and thus acts as a thermographic heat source. In order to show the practical applicability of AMT for inspections of the aforementioned structures, two carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) samples (containing defects), with and without RAM, are inspected. The results show that the detection capability is significantly improved when the samples contain RAM on their surface, thereby illustrating the efficacy of AMT for inspection of such structures.
{"title":"Nondestructive assessment of microwave absorbing structures via active microwave thermography","authors":"A. Mirala, M. Ghasr, K. Donnell","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409631","url":null,"abstract":"Radio-frequency absorbing materials (RAM) are widely used to reduce electromagnetic interference and scattering from reflective (e.g. conductive) surfaces such as those utilized in aerospace and military applications. Thus, it is important to nondestructively assess such structures for their structural health (i.e., defect detection). To this end, active microwave thermography (AMT) is considered as a viable solution. AMT utilizes a microwave-based thermal excitation for structures/materials under inspection. The resulting surface thermal profile is measured with a thermal camera. As it relates to structures with a microwave-absorbing surface, the surface (when illuminated by microwave radiation) absorbs this energy and thus acts as a thermographic heat source. In order to show the practical applicability of AMT for inspections of the aforementioned structures, two carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) samples (containing defects), with and without RAM, are inspected. The results show that the detection capability is significantly improved when the samples contain RAM on their surface, thereby illustrating the efficacy of AMT for inspection of such structures.","PeriodicalId":393766,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121108206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-14DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409726
M. Catelani, L. Ciani, A. Reatti, F. Corti, V. Sorrentino, A. Ayachit, M. Kazimierczuk
One of the most interesting challenges in power electronics is increasing the circuit reliability. This can be achieved by reducing the power losses and, therefore, increasing the power conversion efficiency. Conduction and switching losses in power MOSFETs are the major contributions to the converter overall power loss, which becomes a serious problem in high-power conversion applications. Resonant converters, which represent an interesting solution to reduce switching losses, are based on a resonant tank composed of inductors and capacitors tuned to resonate at a specific frequency. The resonance forms the voltage and/or current waveforms so that, under optimal conditions, the MOSFET turns on at zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and zero-derivative switching (ZCS). This drastically reduces the switching losses. Also, new semiconductor materials such as SiC or GaN are capable to operate at an increased switching frequency and reduced both conduction and switching losses. In this paper, the reliability of a Class-E resonant inverter is analyzed to identify the most critical elements of the circuit. The reliability prediction has been carried out based on MIL-HDBK-217 handbook. The Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) and the failure rate λp are derived. Voltage and current values of all components utilized in this analysis are based on data achieved by experimental results.
{"title":"Reliability analysis and electrical characterization of a Class-E resonant inverter","authors":"M. Catelani, L. Ciani, A. Reatti, F. Corti, V. Sorrentino, A. Ayachit, M. Kazimierczuk","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409726","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most interesting challenges in power electronics is increasing the circuit reliability. This can be achieved by reducing the power losses and, therefore, increasing the power conversion efficiency. Conduction and switching losses in power MOSFETs are the major contributions to the converter overall power loss, which becomes a serious problem in high-power conversion applications. Resonant converters, which represent an interesting solution to reduce switching losses, are based on a resonant tank composed of inductors and capacitors tuned to resonate at a specific frequency. The resonance forms the voltage and/or current waveforms so that, under optimal conditions, the MOSFET turns on at zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and zero-derivative switching (ZCS). This drastically reduces the switching losses. Also, new semiconductor materials such as SiC or GaN are capable to operate at an increased switching frequency and reduced both conduction and switching losses. In this paper, the reliability of a Class-E resonant inverter is analyzed to identify the most critical elements of the circuit. The reliability prediction has been carried out based on MIL-HDBK-217 handbook. The Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) and the failure rate λp are derived. Voltage and current values of all components utilized in this analysis are based on data achieved by experimental results.","PeriodicalId":393766,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123382187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contouring error detection for machine tools can be used to effectively evaluate their dynamic performances. In this paper, a cost-effective monocular-vision-based contouring error detection method is proposed to precisely measure the two-dimensional error of an arbitrary trajectory under wide working range and higher feed rate conditions. First, a novel measurement fixture with high accuracy is designed and calibrated, in which 196 coded primitives are utilized to accurately characterize the motion trajectory of a five-axis machine tool. Then, to ensure the measurement accuracy and efficiency for high-speed contouring error, a telecentric imaging system is employed to capture the image sequence of the primitives, with a selected small field of view and low camera resolution. Moreover, to extend the working range of measurement system, a primitives' decoding and position estimation algorithm based on the pre-calibrated geometric constraint is proposed to measure an arbitrary contouring error in a wide range. Finally, the contouring error can be accurately assessed by data transformation and post-calculation. Experiments for the contouring error detection of a butterfly curve interpolation at 3000mm/min are performed in a five-axis machine tool. The results, compared with the cross-grid encoder, shows that the average detecting error is 4.2μm, which verifies the vision measurement accuracy and feasibility.
{"title":"A monocular-vision-based contouring error detection method for CNC machine tools","authors":"Xiao Li, W. Liu, Yirong Pan, Hui Li, Xin Ma, Zhenyuan Jia","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409552","url":null,"abstract":"Contouring error detection for machine tools can be used to effectively evaluate their dynamic performances. In this paper, a cost-effective monocular-vision-based contouring error detection method is proposed to precisely measure the two-dimensional error of an arbitrary trajectory under wide working range and higher feed rate conditions. First, a novel measurement fixture with high accuracy is designed and calibrated, in which 196 coded primitives are utilized to accurately characterize the motion trajectory of a five-axis machine tool. Then, to ensure the measurement accuracy and efficiency for high-speed contouring error, a telecentric imaging system is employed to capture the image sequence of the primitives, with a selected small field of view and low camera resolution. Moreover, to extend the working range of measurement system, a primitives' decoding and position estimation algorithm based on the pre-calibrated geometric constraint is proposed to measure an arbitrary contouring error in a wide range. Finally, the contouring error can be accurately assessed by data transformation and post-calculation. Experiments for the contouring error detection of a butterfly curve interpolation at 3000mm/min are performed in a five-axis machine tool. The results, compared with the cross-grid encoder, shows that the average detecting error is 4.2μm, which verifies the vision measurement accuracy and feasibility.","PeriodicalId":393766,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124094420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-14DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409781
Olev Märtens, R. Land, M. Min, M. Rist, P. Annus, T. Seebeck, A. Pokatilov
Modern industries (incl. Industry 4.0 and beyond) expect fast, cost-efficient, trustable and precise data acquisition of sensors signals with appropriate data processing and inter-pretation. In metal processing industries eddy current sensorics can be used for fast (online) precise and efficient measurements of the various metal sheets and plates (e.g. of wide range of steel grades, but also other alloys), and also manufactured from these materials details and structures. The materials need to be identified and parts under test (PUT) to be characterized. Multifrequency measurement (up to full impedance spectroscopy) allows to characterize the properties of the PUT in the depth (or alternatively only at the surface layer), as the penetration depth of the electromagnetic fields depends on the measurement frequency. A solution, usable for measurement of electromagnetic properties of metals (on the example of steel specimen) is described. The solution using a small air-core planar coil sensor and a high accuracy data acquisition box USB-6281 (of National Instruments) with a Windows computer. In the software side the pre-calculated tables (according to Dodd-Deeds and further developed models) are exploited to convert the impedance values into electrical conductivity and sensor liftoff and magnetic permeability for the PUT. Advantage of the air-core coil is the absolute model-based accuracy and stability of the measurements. The solution is working in the frequency range 1 to 500 kHz, while the low frequency (100 Hz) measurement in the background is used to monitor the change of the ohmic (DC) coil resistance. By estimations the solution can measure the conductivity of the PUT in the range of 1 to 20 MS/m with spatial resolution of 5–8 millimeters. The relative magnetic permeability can be in the range of 1 to 15. As the real-life experiments show, the measurement speed of 100 depth-measurement profiles per second can be achieved in real-time. Also for measurement of the PUT there is n need to stop and fix the PUT under the sensor, but just online “on-the run” measurement can be applied, as the experiments confirm. As the variations of the measurement signals for the air-core sensor with relatively small number of turns is quite small, the impedance measurements of the sensor coil are needed to carried out with high resolution and accuracy, which is easily done by the mentioned USB box. Still, the low-pass filtering (e.g. by Savitzky-Golay filtering) of the longitudinal profile results can be reasonable.
{"title":"Fast precise eddy current measurement of metals","authors":"Olev Märtens, R. Land, M. Min, M. Rist, P. Annus, T. Seebeck, A. Pokatilov","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409781","url":null,"abstract":"Modern industries (incl. Industry 4.0 and beyond) expect fast, cost-efficient, trustable and precise data acquisition of sensors signals with appropriate data processing and inter-pretation. In metal processing industries eddy current sensorics can be used for fast (online) precise and efficient measurements of the various metal sheets and plates (e.g. of wide range of steel grades, but also other alloys), and also manufactured from these materials details and structures. The materials need to be identified and parts under test (PUT) to be characterized. Multifrequency measurement (up to full impedance spectroscopy) allows to characterize the properties of the PUT in the depth (or alternatively only at the surface layer), as the penetration depth of the electromagnetic fields depends on the measurement frequency. A solution, usable for measurement of electromagnetic properties of metals (on the example of steel specimen) is described. The solution using a small air-core planar coil sensor and a high accuracy data acquisition box USB-6281 (of National Instruments) with a Windows computer. In the software side the pre-calculated tables (according to Dodd-Deeds and further developed models) are exploited to convert the impedance values into electrical conductivity and sensor liftoff and magnetic permeability for the PUT. Advantage of the air-core coil is the absolute model-based accuracy and stability of the measurements. The solution is working in the frequency range 1 to 500 kHz, while the low frequency (100 Hz) measurement in the background is used to monitor the change of the ohmic (DC) coil resistance. By estimations the solution can measure the conductivity of the PUT in the range of 1 to 20 MS/m with spatial resolution of 5–8 millimeters. The relative magnetic permeability can be in the range of 1 to 15. As the real-life experiments show, the measurement speed of 100 depth-measurement profiles per second can be achieved in real-time. Also for measurement of the PUT there is n need to stop and fix the PUT under the sensor, but just online “on-the run” measurement can be applied, as the experiments confirm. As the variations of the measurement signals for the air-core sensor with relatively small number of turns is quite small, the impedance measurements of the sensor coil are needed to carried out with high resolution and accuracy, which is easily done by the mentioned USB box. Still, the low-pass filtering (e.g. by Savitzky-Golay filtering) of the longitudinal profile results can be reasonable.","PeriodicalId":393766,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114050481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-14DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409661
Peijuan Cao, Chao Wang, Hongbing Ding, Xiaotong Wang
To improve the measurement accuracy of sonic nozzle, the complex thermal effect in sonic nozzles were investigated. As the essential characteristic of thermal effect, the steady and transient temperature distributions of nozzle sensors were measured by 12 thermocouple probes. Then, the original signals of thermocouples were filtered smoothly by Savitzky-Golay Method (SGM) and normalized and the dynamic response characteristics, namely the time constant of temperature were obtained. Moreover, the isotherms of whole solid region were analyzed by the Kriging interpolation method (KIM). Finally, the heat flow in solid region were obtained according to the temperature isotherm, which is consistence with heat transfer theory and verify the accuracy of the KIM further.
{"title":"Analysis of thermal effects on body temperature distribution of sonic nozzles","authors":"Peijuan Cao, Chao Wang, Hongbing Ding, Xiaotong Wang","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409661","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the measurement accuracy of sonic nozzle, the complex thermal effect in sonic nozzles were investigated. As the essential characteristic of thermal effect, the steady and transient temperature distributions of nozzle sensors were measured by 12 thermocouple probes. Then, the original signals of thermocouples were filtered smoothly by Savitzky-Golay Method (SGM) and normalized and the dynamic response characteristics, namely the time constant of temperature were obtained. Moreover, the isotherms of whole solid region were analyzed by the Kriging interpolation method (KIM). Finally, the heat flow in solid region were obtained according to the temperature isotherm, which is consistence with heat transfer theory and verify the accuracy of the KIM further.","PeriodicalId":393766,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"304 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122124312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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