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The polonaise from the film Pan Tadeusz directed by Andrzej Wajda as a choreographic work protected by copyright 安德雷·瓦伊达导演的电影《潘·塔德乌什》中的波兰舞曲,是受版权保护的舞蹈作品
Pub Date : 2021-06-29 DOI: 10.19195/2082-8322.15.8
K. Brzózka
Choreographic work was the object of copyright protection under the Berne Convention, as revised at Berlin in 1908, as well as under the historical Polish copyright legislations — the 1926 Act (as an original, “not based on any existing work of art” work of “rhythmic art (choreography)”) and the 1952 Act (as a “work of choreographic art” preserved in “scenarios, drawings or photographs”). It was also included, as a “choreographic work”, in the exemplary catalogue of works protected under the Act of 4 February 1994 on Copyright and Related Rights (“the Copyright Act”), currently in force. The purpose of this paper, due to limited framework, is to analyse some basic concepts related to the conditions that a movement composition shall meet in order to qualify as a choreographic work in the meaning of the Copyright Act. It is shown based on the polonaise from the film Pan Tadeusz, directed by Andrzej Wajda. This choice allows to introduce threads related to folklore as well as the use of unprotected pieces of the public domain in choreographies into the discussion. Moreover, the article briefly presents the correlation between choreographic work and other intellectual works — literary, musical, and audiovisual.
编舞作品是1908年在柏林修订的《伯尔尼公约》以及波兰历史上的版权立法——1926年法案(作为原创作品,“不以任何现有艺术作品为基础”的“艺术艺术(编舞)”的作品)和1952年法案(作为以“场景、图画或照片”形式保存的“编舞艺术作品”)——的版权保护对象。它还作为“编舞作品”被列入目前生效的1994年2月4日《版权和有关权利法》(“《版权法》”)所保护的示范作品目录。由于框架有限,本文的目的是分析一些基本概念,这些概念涉及到一个动作作品要符合著作权法意义上的编舞作品所需要满足的条件。它是根据Andrzej Wajda导演的电影《Pan Tadeusz》中的波兰舞曲来展示的。这一选择允许引入与民间传说有关的线索,以及在编舞中使用公共领域未受保护的片段进入讨论。此外,本文还简要介绍了编舞作品与其他智力作品——文学作品、音乐作品和视听作品之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Body and camera in motion — a dialogue between film and contemporary dance theater based on the experience gained in the making of the experimental art documentary Tensity 运动中的身体与摄影机——基于实验艺术纪录片《紧张》的拍摄经验,电影与当代舞剧的对话
Pub Date : 2021-06-29 DOI: 10.19195/2082-8322.15.5
Konrad Kultys
The paper presents the relationship between the worlds of film and dance theater, and the ways in which the medium of the performing body can be translated onto the screen by the director and cinematographer. By analyzing his own experiences and related artistic decisions made during the realization of the experimental documentary Tensity, the author looks at the clash of two different media and the relations that may result from the effort to translate dance theater performance into traditional film medium. Along with the change of medium, the nature of the work also changes and a completely new artistic value is created, enriched with elements unknown to theater, such as film editing, camera work and, finally, screen time. A film work based on the theatrical medium becomes a separate artistic creation, allowing the director and the cinematographer to build upon the foundation of the performative art of the actor/dancer.
本文介绍了电影世界和舞剧世界之间的关系,以及导演和电影摄影师如何将表演身体这一媒介转化为银幕。作者通过分析自己在实验纪录片《张力》的创作过程中的经历和相关的艺术决策,来审视两种不同媒介之间的冲突,以及将舞剧表演转化为传统电影媒介所可能产生的关系。随着媒介的变化,作品的性质也发生了变化,创造了一种全新的艺术价值,丰富了戏剧所不知道的元素,如电影剪辑,摄影工作,最后是屏幕时间。基于戏剧媒介的电影作品成为一种独立的艺术创作,允许导演和电影摄影师在演员/舞者的表演艺术基础上进行创作。
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引用次数: 0
The depiction of men in contemporary pornographic movies 当代色情电影中对男人的描写
Pub Date : 2021-06-29 DOI: 10.19195/2082-8322.15.9
Gabriela Bortacka
This article describes how men are presented in pornographic materials available on one of the most popular thematic websites — PornHub.com. The article contains a disambiguation of the term ‘pornography’, and discusses the reach of the pornographic market, as well as the audience and specifics of PornHub. The main part contains an empirical study of fifteen movie productions divided into three categories: heterosexual, homosexual, and for women. The article presents both the physical description of what is happening in the film and the analysis of the gender roles of the depicted characters. All selected films were made in 2018 or later. Pornography research is an extremely broad field, which is looked into by many professions: sexologists, film experts, sociologists, psychologists and even feminist activists. Some findings were recalled at work, but this is only an outline of the matter.
这篇文章描述了在最受欢迎的主题网站之一PornHub.com上,男性是如何出现在色情材料中的。这篇文章包含了“色情”一词的消歧,并讨论了色情市场的范围,以及PornHub的受众和细节。主要部分包括对15部电影作品的实证研究,分为三类:异性恋、同性恋和女性。这篇文章既对电影中发生的事情进行了物理描述,也对所描绘的人物的性别角色进行了分析。所有入选影片均为2018年或之后的作品。色情研究是一个极其广泛的领域,许多专业人士都对其进行了研究:性学家、电影专家、社会学家、心理学家,甚至女权主义者。在工作中回顾了一些发现,但这只是事情的一个轮廓。
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引用次数: 0
Bolero, bebop i „bal nad bale” czyli taneczne metafory w wybranych tekstach piosenek Agnieszki Osieckiej
Pub Date : 2021-06-29 DOI: 10.19195/2082-8322.15.3
M. Ziółkowska
The article is an analysis of selected lyrics from Agnieszka Osiecka’s songs based on the theme of dance as a metaphor. The author of Sopockie bolero, To nasze sopockie bolero and Niech żyje bal uses dance as a lyrical situation which allows the author to analyze the lyrical I’s intensified emotions. Osiecka also uses the possibilities provided by the song form — rhythmicity, repetitions, the closeness of the language of the song to the language of choreography.
本文以舞蹈为隐喻的主题,对奥西耶卡歌曲中的部分歌词进行分析。《Sopockie bolero》、《To nasze Sopockie bolero》和《Niech żyje bal》的作者将舞蹈作为一种抒情情境,使作者能够分析抒情I的强烈情绪。奥西卡也利用了歌曲形式提供的可能性——节奏,重复,歌曲语言与舞蹈语言的接近。
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引用次数: 0
Wprowadzenie
Pub Date : 2021-06-29 DOI: 10.19195/2082-8322.15.1
Michał Rydlewski
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引用次数: 0
Research on female humor to the accompaniment of not-always-serious music and some alcohol — based on the Laskowik & Malicki program 在不总是严肃的音乐和一些酒精的伴奏下对女性幽默的研究——基于Laskowik & Malicki项目
Pub Date : 2021-06-29 DOI: 10.19195/2082-8322.15.7
Ligia Ślęzak
The article contains a description of the entertainment TV program Laskowik & Malicki. It is an event combining cabaret and music, with performances from two artistic groups: Kabareciarnia Laskowika and The Philharmonic of Wit. The author stresses the topics of feminity, music and alcohol, as well as finds moralizing and educational value in the performances.
这篇文章包含了娱乐电视节目Laskowik & Malicki的描述。这是一个结合了歌舞表演和音乐的活动,有两个艺术团体的表演:Kabareciarnia Laskowika和The Philharmonic of Wit。作者强调了女性、音乐和酒精的主题,并在表演中发现了道德和教育价值。
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引用次数: 0
Dance in Indian culture: A cosmic manifestation of divine creation and a path to liberation 印度文化中的舞蹈:神圣创造的宇宙表现和通往解放的道路
Pub Date : 2021-06-29 DOI: 10.19195/2082-8322.15.2
A. Simoncelli
Dance is a human cultural activity aimed at non-verbal emotional communication, mentioned for the first time in the circle of European culture by Homer in the Iliad (8th/7th century BC). In Indian culture — the most extensive one of four contemporary civilizations of antiquity (next to Egyptian, Mesopotamian, and Chinese), whose cradle is the Indus Valley Civilization — the first material evidence of the presence of dance is dated between 2300–1750 BC. It is a bronze statuette of a dancing girl, making us aware of the fact that this type of activity has accompanied people since the dawn of time, regardless of their origin and cultural affiliation. India and its oldest religion, Hinduism, have made this art highly prized because of its original, pure spiritual character. The first treatise entirely devoted to dance, entitled Natyashastra (Treatise on Performing Arts), was written according to tradition between the 2nd century BC and the 2nd century AD, although many premises indicate that its beginnings date back to the 5th century BC, and the final version — to around 5th century AD. Its author was Bharata Muni, an ancient sage, theatrologist and musicologist who allegedly received knowledge of arts from the god Brahma himself to create a symbolic representation of the world which, by showing good and evil, would persuade both the viewers and the performers to act ethically. From Natyashastra it appears that dance was created by the gods for their worship. In its most original form, dance grew out of the sacrificial ritual, hence the knowledge of it was secret, highly codified and communicated in strict confidentiality. The patron of the dance and its divine performer par excellence is the god Shiva in the aspect of Nataraja (Lord of the Dance), who in one image combines god as the creator, protector and destroyer of the universe, while simultaneously containing the Indian concept of an endless time cycle. Accurate recreation of the mythical dance initiated by Shiva guarantees that the faithful achieve salvation by overcoming sin, ignorance, and laziness represented by the demon Apasmara, on whom the god treads in a dancing trance. For the Indian Hindu culture dance has a highly important ritualistic and mystical meaning, hence it is also present along with music and singing, which is a melodic recitation of sacred verses, in all literature, from the Vedas (sacred books of Hinduism), through encyclopedic Puranas, to epics such as Mahabharata and Ramayana. Dance is indispensable to the theater as well as visual and audiovisual arts, brings relief to those in mourning and sorrow, leads to liberation from samsara (the wheel of incarnations), and is a reflection of divinity in its purest, most dynamic manifestation: movement. Thanks to dance being a rejection of oneself, entering a mystical trance, one can connect with the Absolute here on Earth and experience divinity.
舞蹈是人类以非语言情感交流为目的的文化活动,最早在欧洲文化界被荷马在《伊利亚特》(公元前8 /7世纪)中提到。在印度文化中——四个古代文明中最广泛的一个(仅次于埃及、美索不达米亚和中国),它的摇篮是印度河流域文明——舞蹈存在的第一个物质证据可以追溯到公元前2300-1750年。这是一个跳舞女孩的青铜雕像,让我们意识到这种类型的活动自古以来就伴随着人们,无论他们的起源和文化归属。印度及其最古老的宗教——印度教,使这种艺术因其原始、纯粹的精神特征而受到高度重视。第一部完全致力于舞蹈的专著,名为Natyashastra(表演艺术专著),根据公元前2世纪到公元2世纪之间的传统,尽管许多前提表明它的开始可以追溯到公元前5世纪,最终版本-公元5世纪左右。它的作者是Bharata Muni,一位古代的圣人、戏剧学家和音乐学家,据说他从梵天那里获得了艺术知识,创造了一个象征性的世界代表,通过展示善与恶,说服观众和表演者都有道德的行为。从《Natyashastra》看来,舞蹈是众神为了崇拜而创造的。舞蹈最原始的形式源于祭祀仪式,因此对它的了解是秘密的,高度编纂,并在严格保密的情况下交流。舞蹈的守护神和卓越的神圣表演者是湿婆神,在Nataraja(舞蹈之主)方面,他在一个形象中结合了上帝作为宇宙的创造者,保护者和破坏者,同时包含了印度无尽时间循环的概念。湿婆发起的神话舞蹈的精确再现保证了信徒们通过克服恶魔阿斯马拉所代表的罪恶、无知和懒惰而获得救赎,神在舞蹈恍惚中踏在阿斯马拉身上。对于印度印度教文化来说,舞蹈具有非常重要的仪式和神秘意义,因此它也与音乐和歌唱一起出现,这是对神圣诗句的旋律朗诵,在所有文学作品中,从吠陀经(印度教的神圣书籍),通过百科全书式的往世史,到史诗,如摩诃婆罗多和罗摩衍那。舞蹈对戏剧、视觉艺术和视听艺术来说都是不可或缺的,它给悲伤和悲伤的人带来安慰,使人从轮回中解脱出来,并以最纯粹、最活跃的表现形式——运动——反映出神性。感谢舞蹈是对自己的一种拒绝,进入一种神秘的恍惚状态,你可以在地球上与绝对连接并体验神性。
{"title":"Dance in Indian culture: A cosmic manifestation of divine creation and a path to liberation","authors":"A. Simoncelli","doi":"10.19195/2082-8322.15.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2082-8322.15.2","url":null,"abstract":"Dance is a human cultural activity aimed at non-verbal emotional communication, mentioned for the first time in the circle of European culture by Homer in the Iliad (8th/7th century BC). In Indian culture — the most extensive one of four contemporary civilizations of antiquity (next to Egyptian, Mesopotamian, and Chinese), whose cradle is the Indus Valley Civilization — the first material evidence of the presence of dance is dated between 2300–1750 BC. It is a bronze statuette of a dancing girl, making us aware of the fact that this type of activity has accompanied people since the dawn of time, regardless of their origin and cultural affiliation. India and its oldest religion, Hinduism, have made this art highly prized because of its original, pure spiritual character. \u0000The first treatise entirely devoted to dance, entitled Natyashastra (Treatise on Performing Arts), was written according to tradition between the 2nd century BC and the 2nd century AD, although many premises indicate that its beginnings date back to the 5th century BC, and the final version — to around 5th century AD. Its author was Bharata Muni, an ancient sage, theatrologist and musicologist who allegedly received knowledge of arts from the god Brahma himself to create a symbolic representation of the world which, by showing good and evil, would persuade both the viewers and the performers to act ethically. From Natyashastra it appears that dance was created by the gods for their worship. In its most original form, dance grew out of the sacrificial ritual, hence the knowledge of it was secret, highly codified and communicated in strict confidentiality. The patron of the dance and its divine performer par excellence is the god Shiva in the aspect of Nataraja (Lord of the Dance), who in one image combines god as the creator, protector and destroyer of the universe, while simultaneously containing the Indian concept of an endless time cycle. Accurate recreation of the mythical dance initiated by Shiva guarantees that the faithful achieve salvation by overcoming sin, ignorance, and laziness represented by the demon Apasmara, on whom the god treads in a dancing trance. \u0000For the Indian Hindu culture dance has a highly important ritualistic and mystical meaning, hence it is also present along with music and singing, which is a melodic recitation of sacred verses, in all literature, from the Vedas (sacred books of Hinduism), through encyclopedic Puranas, to epics such as Mahabharata and Ramayana. Dance is indispensable to the theater as well as visual and audiovisual arts, brings relief to those in mourning and sorrow, leads to liberation from samsara (the wheel of incarnations), and is a reflection of divinity in its purest, most dynamic manifestation: movement. Thanks to dance being a rejection of oneself, entering a mystical trance, one can connect with the Absolute here on Earth and experience divinity.","PeriodicalId":393804,"journal":{"name":"Dziennikarstwo i Media","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127123915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Folk dance as a tool of socialist propaganda based on Paweł Pawlikowski’s Cold War 民间舞蹈作为社会主义宣传的工具基于帕韦科夫斯基的冷战
Pub Date : 2021-06-29 DOI: 10.19195/2082-8322.15.4
Izabela Andrzejak
The article addressed the issue of using folk dance as a tool of propaganda by the communist party. It is not uncommon to associate the activity of folk groups with the period of socialist realism and the years that followed in. Folk song and dance ensembles have always been a colorful showcase of the country outside of its borders and have often added splendor to distinguished national events with their performances. Nevertheless, their artistic activity was not motivated solely by the beauty of Polish folklore, for folk ensembles formed after World War II were often created to aid the goals of the communist party. Reaching for folk repertoire and transferring regional songs and dances to the stage was seen as opposition to the elite culture. Cultural reform made performances accessible to the working class, and folk song and dance expressed admiration for the work of people in the countryside. In addition to traditional songs from various regions of Poland, the repertoire of these ensembles also included many songs in honor of Stalin and about the Polish-Soviet friendship. Paweł Pawlikowski’s award-winning film, Cold War, which partially follows a song and dance ensemble (aptly named Mazurek), shows many of the dilemmas and controversies that the artists of this period had to face.
这篇文章讨论了共产党利用民间舞蹈作为宣传工具的问题。将民间团体的活动与社会主义现实主义时期及其后的岁月联系起来并不罕见。民间歌舞团一直是向世界展示这个国家多姿多彩的一面,并经常以他们的表演为国家重大活动增添光彩。然而,他们的艺术活动并不仅仅是出于波兰民间传说的美丽,因为二战后成立的民间乐团经常是为了帮助共产党的目标而创建的。挖掘民间曲目,将地方歌舞搬上舞台,被视为对精英文化的反对。文化改革使工人阶级可以参加演出,民间歌舞表达了对农村人民劳动的赞赏。除了来自波兰各个地区的传统歌曲外,这些乐团的曲目还包括许多纪念斯大林和波苏友谊的歌曲。帕维科夫斯基的获奖影片《冷战》(Cold War)部分取材于一个歌舞团体(恰当地命名为马祖雷克(Mazurek)),展示了这一时期艺术家不得不面对的许多困境和争议。
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引用次数: 0
The image of a rebel woman in the Czechoslovak New Wave based on the Daises by Věra Chytilová 捷克斯洛伐克新浪潮中叛逆女性的形象——以维拉·奇蒂洛夫<e:1>的《雏菊》为蓝本
Pub Date : 2021-06-29 DOI: 10.19195/2082-8322.15.6
Karolina Ziemka
Daises by Věra Chytilová is one of the most important films of the Czechoslovak New Wave, from which the image of a rebellious female figure emerges. Due to its complex nature, aesthetic and semantic diversity, this surreal image can be interpreted on many levels, often extremely different. It is both a criticism of consumerism and nihilism, and a feminist manifesto in the Central and Eastern European edition. The communism that dominated this area tended to institutionalize the inequalities between women and men. Due to the complexity of the problem and the multitude of possible interpretations, the film analysis is based on various methodologies oscillating between feminist criticism and Laura Mulvey’s reflections on the categories of corporeality, gender, and the masculinization of the viewer in narrative cinema.
《雏菊》是捷克斯洛伐克新浪潮时期最重要的电影之一,它塑造了一个叛逆的女性形象。由于其复杂的性质,审美和语义的多样性,这种超现实的形象可以在许多层面上解释,往往是极端不同的。它既是对消费主义和虚无主义的批判,也是中东欧版的女权主义宣言。在这一地区占主导地位的共产主义倾向于将男女之间的不平等制度化。由于问题的复杂性和众多可能的解释,电影分析基于各种方法,在女权主义批评和劳拉·穆尔维对叙事电影中肉体、性别和观众男性化类别的反思之间摇摆不定。
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引用次数: 0
Doświadczenie użytkownika w erze streamingu — analiza komparatystyczna serwisów VoD obecnych na polskim rynku
Pub Date : 2021-01-14 DOI: 10.19195/2082-8322.13.15
Joanna Waraksa
For the last couple of years streaming services have been taking part in a race, in which the user’s atten-tion and subscription are the prizes. In today’s world entertainment offers are being thrown at users from all sides. They do not have the time needed to check them all. Competition in this segment is enormous. It is not about providing a wide variety of movies, TV series or programmes anymore. To gain viewers’ loyalty, you need to ensure the best possible experience of using a product. The aim of this article is therefore to analyze and compare the elements of UX used in video players of platforms such as Netflix, HBO GO, Amazon Prime Video, and Player.
在过去的几年里,流媒体服务一直在参与一场竞赛,用户的关注和订阅是奖品。在当今世界,娱乐产品正从四面八方涌向用户。他们没有足够的时间把它们全部检查一遍。这一领域的竞争非常激烈。它不再是提供各种各样的电影、电视剧或节目。为了获得观众的忠诚,你需要确保产品的最佳使用体验。因此,本文的目的是分析和比较Netflix、HBO GO、Amazon Prime video和Player等平台视频播放器中使用的用户体验元素。
{"title":"Doświadczenie użytkownika w erze streamingu — analiza komparatystyczna serwisów VoD obecnych na polskim rynku","authors":"Joanna Waraksa","doi":"10.19195/2082-8322.13.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2082-8322.13.15","url":null,"abstract":"For the last couple of years streaming services have been taking part in a race, in which the user’s atten-tion and subscription are the prizes. In today’s world entertainment offers are being thrown at users from all sides. They do not have the time needed to check them all. Competition in this segment is enormous. It is not about providing a wide variety of movies, TV series or programmes anymore. To gain viewers’ loyalty, you need to ensure the best possible experience of using a product. The aim of this article is therefore to analyze and compare the elements of UX used in video players of platforms such as Netflix, HBO GO, Amazon Prime Video, and Player.","PeriodicalId":393804,"journal":{"name":"Dziennikarstwo i Media","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130400106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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