Pub Date : 1997-12-02DOI: 10.1109/ISCE.1997.658410
S. Foo, C. Yeo, S. Hui
An Internet speech gateway server is proposed to integrate the Internet and PSTN to support speech communication among users using conventional telephones connected to the PSTN. In addition to cost savings, such a system enhances the usability and versatility of the conventional telephone system and adds a new dimension to the telecommunication industry. Each gateway comprises a hardware interface connected to the server computer and a set of server software. The hardware interface includes modules to convert audio signal into a digital form suitable for transmission over the Internet, establish and terminate a telephone connection with the local trunk line, and a buffering mechanism to buffer and store encoded voice data.
{"title":"An Internet speech gateway server","authors":"S. Foo, C. Yeo, S. Hui","doi":"10.1109/ISCE.1997.658410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCE.1997.658410","url":null,"abstract":"An Internet speech gateway server is proposed to integrate the Internet and PSTN to support speech communication among users using conventional telephones connected to the PSTN. In addition to cost savings, such a system enhances the usability and versatility of the conventional telephone system and adds a new dimension to the telecommunication industry. Each gateway comprises a hardware interface connected to the server computer and a set of server software. The hardware interface includes modules to convert audio signal into a digital form suitable for transmission over the Internet, establish and terminate a telephone connection with the local trunk line, and a buffering mechanism to buffer and store encoded voice data.","PeriodicalId":393861,"journal":{"name":"ISCE '97. Proceedings of 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (Cat. No.97TH8348)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132143103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-12-02DOI: 10.1109/ISCE.1997.658365
S. Zhu, F. Choo, K. Low, C. W. Chan, P. Kong
The storage capacity of a DVD is at least 8 times that of a compact disc (CD) with the same disc size. However, the higher density has led to narrower tracks and pitches (distances between tracks). This requires an improvement of the follow-up capability within limits which are not detrimental to its stability and speed of the system. In this paper, some techniques pertaining to the DVD servo control system, which are critical but not identical to the CD-ROM system are reviewed and investigated. These include the one-beam push-pull tracking method used in tracking error generation, adaptive learning control algorithm for DVD pickup spindle motor tracking, and variable speed control of the turntable brushless DC motor.
{"title":"Servo system control in digital video disc (DVD)","authors":"S. Zhu, F. Choo, K. Low, C. W. Chan, P. Kong","doi":"10.1109/ISCE.1997.658365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCE.1997.658365","url":null,"abstract":"The storage capacity of a DVD is at least 8 times that of a compact disc (CD) with the same disc size. However, the higher density has led to narrower tracks and pitches (distances between tracks). This requires an improvement of the follow-up capability within limits which are not detrimental to its stability and speed of the system. In this paper, some techniques pertaining to the DVD servo control system, which are critical but not identical to the CD-ROM system are reviewed and investigated. These include the one-beam push-pull tracking method used in tracking error generation, adaptive learning control algorithm for DVD pickup spindle motor tracking, and variable speed control of the turntable brushless DC motor.","PeriodicalId":393861,"journal":{"name":"ISCE '97. Proceedings of 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (Cat. No.97TH8348)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127683479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-12-02DOI: 10.1109/ISCE.1997.658379
Toh Guan Nge, Wong Kin Keong
Digital images require a large amount of data to be represented. To make image storage and transmission practical and economical, image compression has become a major issue. In the past few years, several image compression methods using fractal theory have been developed. These methods promise better performances for compression. One of the most efficient approaches is based on iterated function systems (IFS), and has been promoted by Barnsley (1988). The basic idea is that an image can be reconstructed using the self-similarity it contains. A way to speed up the encoding process is to implement parallel processing using PVM (parallel virtual machine) software. The system utilizes both static and dynamic load allocations to obtain substantial compression time speedup over the original, sequential encoding implementation. In this paper, considerations such as PSNR, compression ratio, compression time versus number of processors and the workload granularity are also presented.
{"title":"Parallel implementation of fractal image compression","authors":"Toh Guan Nge, Wong Kin Keong","doi":"10.1109/ISCE.1997.658379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCE.1997.658379","url":null,"abstract":"Digital images require a large amount of data to be represented. To make image storage and transmission practical and economical, image compression has become a major issue. In the past few years, several image compression methods using fractal theory have been developed. These methods promise better performances for compression. One of the most efficient approaches is based on iterated function systems (IFS), and has been promoted by Barnsley (1988). The basic idea is that an image can be reconstructed using the self-similarity it contains. A way to speed up the encoding process is to implement parallel processing using PVM (parallel virtual machine) software. The system utilizes both static and dynamic load allocations to obtain substantial compression time speedup over the original, sequential encoding implementation. In this paper, considerations such as PSNR, compression ratio, compression time versus number of processors and the workload granularity are also presented.","PeriodicalId":393861,"journal":{"name":"ISCE '97. Proceedings of 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (Cat. No.97TH8348)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131730384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-12-02DOI: 10.1109/ISCE.1997.658343
K. Ang, A. Kot
In this paper, we attempt to develop a reliable speaker verification algorithm that is suitable for use in a home security system. A phoneme-based hidden Markov model (HMM) has been adopted for the task of speaker verification with linear predictive cepstral coefficients (LPCC) as feature vectors for our model. Individual codebooks, designed to enhance performance, are also generated for all speakers in the test database. A simple way of combining the individual phoneme scores for text independent verification is also proposed. An equal error rate (ERR) of 10.5% has been achieved using the best phoneme model and 4.5% when using the combined scores of a 4-phoneme set.
{"title":"Speaker verification for home security system","authors":"K. Ang, A. Kot","doi":"10.1109/ISCE.1997.658343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCE.1997.658343","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we attempt to develop a reliable speaker verification algorithm that is suitable for use in a home security system. A phoneme-based hidden Markov model (HMM) has been adopted for the task of speaker verification with linear predictive cepstral coefficients (LPCC) as feature vectors for our model. Individual codebooks, designed to enhance performance, are also generated for all speakers in the test database. A simple way of combining the individual phoneme scores for text independent verification is also proposed. An equal error rate (ERR) of 10.5% has been achieved using the best phoneme model and 4.5% when using the combined scores of a 4-phoneme set.","PeriodicalId":393861,"journal":{"name":"ISCE '97. Proceedings of 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (Cat. No.97TH8348)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116305659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-12-02DOI: 10.1109/ISCE.1997.658381
Mei-Ling Chiang, Paul C. H. Lee, R. Chang
This paper describes a flash memory server (FMS) for personal communication devices and embedded home information systems, such as set-top boxes and Internet phones. Flash memory is small, lightweight, shock-resistant, nonvolatile, and requires little power. Writing to flash memory segments requires erasing the segment in advance. However, erase operations are slow and power-wasting and usually decrease system performance. The number of erase cycles is also limited. To reduce the number of erase operations needed and to evenly wear the flash memory, a new flash memory management scheme has been designed. A new cleaning policy is also proposed to reduce cleaning overhead. Performance evaluations show that erase operations can be reduced by 55%.
{"title":"Managing flash memory in personal communication devices","authors":"Mei-Ling Chiang, Paul C. H. Lee, R. Chang","doi":"10.1109/ISCE.1997.658381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCE.1997.658381","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a flash memory server (FMS) for personal communication devices and embedded home information systems, such as set-top boxes and Internet phones. Flash memory is small, lightweight, shock-resistant, nonvolatile, and requires little power. Writing to flash memory segments requires erasing the segment in advance. However, erase operations are slow and power-wasting and usually decrease system performance. The number of erase cycles is also limited. To reduce the number of erase operations needed and to evenly wear the flash memory, a new flash memory management scheme has been designed. A new cleaning policy is also proposed to reduce cleaning overhead. Performance evaluations show that erase operations can be reduced by 55%.","PeriodicalId":393861,"journal":{"name":"ISCE '97. Proceedings of 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (Cat. No.97TH8348)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125582808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-12-02DOI: 10.1109/ISCE.1997.658414
E. Petac
The paper presents a distribution method based on elliptic curve public key cryptosystem (ECPKC). The notations used to describe the procedure, some of the relations and the principle of the method are taken from the work of Tsujii, Itohand Kurosawa (1993). The novelty of the proposed method is the use of the elliptic curve chord tangent group law. The most important aspect consists of the forms for the private keys and the public keys. The private keys are ordinary integers and the public keys are points on an elliptic curve. Elliptic curve systems are very good for applications with smart cards and in distributed systems, where computational power and integrated circuit space are limited.
{"title":"About a method for distribution keys of a computer network using elliptic curves","authors":"E. Petac","doi":"10.1109/ISCE.1997.658414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCE.1997.658414","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a distribution method based on elliptic curve public key cryptosystem (ECPKC). The notations used to describe the procedure, some of the relations and the principle of the method are taken from the work of Tsujii, Itohand Kurosawa (1993). The novelty of the proposed method is the use of the elliptic curve chord tangent group law. The most important aspect consists of the forms for the private keys and the public keys. The private keys are ordinary integers and the public keys are points on an elliptic curve. Elliptic curve systems are very good for applications with smart cards and in distributed systems, where computational power and integrated circuit space are limited.","PeriodicalId":393861,"journal":{"name":"ISCE '97. Proceedings of 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (Cat. No.97TH8348)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126111826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-12-02DOI: 10.1109/ISCE.1997.658389
D.S. Iyer, M. Chong, Wentong Cai
Image coding is imperative for successful implementation of visual communications applications. With the emergence of enhanced multimedia technology, numerous video applications have emerged like multimedia conferencing, video on demand and DVDs. Coding is an essential component of all video applications and it becomes necessary to have improved coding techniques for faster applications. This paper discusses how parallel video coding on load balanced multi-processor systems can help in incorporating efficient coding techniques like vector quantization into practical applications. Two parallel processing platforms will be discussed namely the heterogeneous network of workstations and the TI C40 DSP chips. The software platforms used for these are the Parallel Virtual Machines (PVM) programming model and Parallel C respectively. An integration of the two programming models by using a PVM to Parallel C translation and the effect of load balancing for improved performance will also be discussed.
{"title":"A multi-processor system for video coding applications","authors":"D.S. Iyer, M. Chong, Wentong Cai","doi":"10.1109/ISCE.1997.658389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCE.1997.658389","url":null,"abstract":"Image coding is imperative for successful implementation of visual communications applications. With the emergence of enhanced multimedia technology, numerous video applications have emerged like multimedia conferencing, video on demand and DVDs. Coding is an essential component of all video applications and it becomes necessary to have improved coding techniques for faster applications. This paper discusses how parallel video coding on load balanced multi-processor systems can help in incorporating efficient coding techniques like vector quantization into practical applications. Two parallel processing platforms will be discussed namely the heterogeneous network of workstations and the TI C40 DSP chips. The software platforms used for these are the Parallel Virtual Machines (PVM) programming model and Parallel C respectively. An integration of the two programming models by using a PVM to Parallel C translation and the effect of load balancing for improved performance will also be discussed.","PeriodicalId":393861,"journal":{"name":"ISCE '97. Proceedings of 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (Cat. No.97TH8348)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129770800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-12-02DOI: 10.1109/ISCE.1997.658356
Sin-Min Tsai, Po-Ching Yang, Shyi-Shiou Wu, Shyu-Shiow Sun
"A home security system on an intelligent network (HSSIN)", is a home security and diversified service control network architecture. It is based on the TCP/IP standard communication protocol. The network also contains intelligent network components, and was established with the aim of creating safer, faster, more effective and more economical services that can meet customized services requirements. The HSSIN was developed for the requirements of the APX-HSS of Aecl Inc. As the network complies with the standard communication protocol, it is adaptable to the multi-vendor environments of composite components, as well as capable of providing intelligent network services.
{"title":"A service of home security system on intelligent network","authors":"Sin-Min Tsai, Po-Ching Yang, Shyi-Shiou Wu, Shyu-Shiow Sun","doi":"10.1109/ISCE.1997.658356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCE.1997.658356","url":null,"abstract":"\"A home security system on an intelligent network (HSSIN)\", is a home security and diversified service control network architecture. It is based on the TCP/IP standard communication protocol. The network also contains intelligent network components, and was established with the aim of creating safer, faster, more effective and more economical services that can meet customized services requirements. The HSSIN was developed for the requirements of the APX-HSS of Aecl Inc. As the network complies with the standard communication protocol, it is adaptable to the multi-vendor environments of composite components, as well as capable of providing intelligent network services.","PeriodicalId":393861,"journal":{"name":"ISCE '97. Proceedings of 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (Cat. No.97TH8348)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116549438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-12-02DOI: 10.1109/ISCE.1997.658371
R.Y.K. Yuen, W.W.C. Yew, N. Hon, S. Endo
This paper describes a new software tool that addresses the deficiencies in the conventional text-based approach towards assembly language programming. The tool presents assembly codes in the form of hierarchical flow charts, whereby each layer represents a certain function or module. It is able to intelligently inspect and convert the assembly text to and from the flow chart format. An extensive collection of tools is provided for editing in the flow chart domain. The flow chart navigator allows the different parts and layers of the flow chart to be deceased easily. The ability to facilitate the visualisation of program flow and therefore aid in the debugging of codes makes this software an attractive tool for assembly programmers. This tool can also handle codes from different families of assembly languages.
{"title":"Assembly language software development system","authors":"R.Y.K. Yuen, W.W.C. Yew, N. Hon, S. Endo","doi":"10.1109/ISCE.1997.658371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCE.1997.658371","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new software tool that addresses the deficiencies in the conventional text-based approach towards assembly language programming. The tool presents assembly codes in the form of hierarchical flow charts, whereby each layer represents a certain function or module. It is able to intelligently inspect and convert the assembly text to and from the flow chart format. An extensive collection of tools is provided for editing in the flow chart domain. The flow chart navigator allows the different parts and layers of the flow chart to be deceased easily. The ability to facilitate the visualisation of program flow and therefore aid in the debugging of codes makes this software an attractive tool for assembly programmers. This tool can also handle codes from different families of assembly languages.","PeriodicalId":393861,"journal":{"name":"ISCE '97. Proceedings of 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (Cat. No.97TH8348)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114350419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-12-02DOI: 10.1109/ISCE.1997.658413
S. Y. Sung, W.M. Soon, W. L. Loh, V. Shaw
The World Wide Web has gone through many improvements since its birth. The Common Gateway Interface (CGI), client and server-side scripting, form processing, integration of Web components, better security are some of the most notable enhancements which bring higher levels of interactivity and 'intelligence' to the Web, making it more able to meet both educational and business needs. This paper concentrates on the use of Web components in practice. More specifically, to show how a component framework paradigm can be a cost-effective and time-saving solution for developers and users alike, a prototype Internet multimedia authoring tool based on a particular component framework is introduced. In a more general sense, this paper hopes to bring into perspective the viability of the current use of component frameworks on the Internet and how they can also leverage Web application development efforts which need not be restricted only to electronic books.
{"title":"A multimedia authoring tool for the Internet","authors":"S. Y. Sung, W.M. Soon, W. L. Loh, V. Shaw","doi":"10.1109/ISCE.1997.658413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCE.1997.658413","url":null,"abstract":"The World Wide Web has gone through many improvements since its birth. The Common Gateway Interface (CGI), client and server-side scripting, form processing, integration of Web components, better security are some of the most notable enhancements which bring higher levels of interactivity and 'intelligence' to the Web, making it more able to meet both educational and business needs. This paper concentrates on the use of Web components in practice. More specifically, to show how a component framework paradigm can be a cost-effective and time-saving solution for developers and users alike, a prototype Internet multimedia authoring tool based on a particular component framework is introduced. In a more general sense, this paper hopes to bring into perspective the viability of the current use of component frameworks on the Internet and how they can also leverage Web application development efforts which need not be restricted only to electronic books.","PeriodicalId":393861,"journal":{"name":"ISCE '97. Proceedings of 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (Cat. No.97TH8348)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130705301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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