{"title":"Obraz polskiej rzeczywistości po wrześniu 1939 r. w prasie gadzinowej","authors":"Piotr Łysakowski","doi":"10.35757/rpn.2023.31.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2023.31.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393980,"journal":{"name":"Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki","volume":" 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139623825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The problem of war losses in Poland has again gained wide interest in recent years. This has resulted in numerous publications, especially in the media, which, however, do not provide reliable information on the issue. The idea for writing this article, which comments on media statements, came from an exhibition of the Institute of National Remembrance entitled „The Economy of the Third Reich”. The aim of the article is to analyse the issue of wartime losses of bells from the territories annexed to Poland after 1945. This issue allows for a broader commentary on the issue of losses from these areas and the need for Polish specialists to develop substantive and legal bases for discussion in the context of Polish-German relations.
{"title":"Dobra kultury z terenów Polski Zachodniej na tle dyskusji o polskich stratach wojennych","authors":"Marceli Tureczek","doi":"10.35757/rpn.2023.31.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2023.31.05","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of war losses in Poland has again gained wide interest in recent years. This has resulted in numerous publications, especially in the media, which, however, do not provide reliable information on the issue. The idea for writing this article, which comments on media statements, came from an exhibition of the Institute of National Remembrance entitled „The Economy of the Third Reich”. The aim of the article is to analyse the issue of wartime losses of bells from the territories annexed to Poland after 1945. This issue allows for a broader commentary on the issue of losses from these areas and the need for Polish specialists to develop substantive and legal bases for discussion in the context of Polish-German relations.","PeriodicalId":393980,"journal":{"name":"Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139624510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, Russophobic war--related crimes took place in Germany. The incidents were aimed at Russians or people perceived as such. At that time, the Russian-German late resettlers Spätaussiedler also experienced discrimination, being stereotypically perceived as pro-Putin immigrants from post-Soviet countries. The article analyzes the escalation of anti-Russian prejudices and discrimination in Germany in 2022, also directed at Russian-German late resettlers, in the context of their migration history and sense of social integration.
{"title":"“Thank You, Your Putin Has Already Congratulated Us”","authors":"Magdalena Lemańczyk","doi":"10.35757/rpn.2023.31.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2023.31.02","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, Russophobic war--related crimes took place in Germany. The incidents were aimed at Russians or people perceived as such. At that time, the Russian-German late resettlers Spätaussiedler also experienced discrimination, being stereotypically perceived as pro-Putin immigrants from post-Soviet countries. The article analyzes the escalation of anti-Russian prejudices and discrimination in Germany in 2022, also directed at Russian-German late resettlers, in the context of their migration history and sense of social integration.","PeriodicalId":393980,"journal":{"name":"Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the article is to examine the actions taken by the government of the SPD--FDP-Greens in Germany as part of the migration policy towards foreigners, both arriving in and residing in the country. The work is intended to clarify whether these decisions were part of the multicultural model of immigration policy. The article analyzes the activities of the government, the intention of which was to regulate the stay and introduce facilitations in terms of coming to Germany, and points to the consequences of this policy. The government’s actions included, among others: continuation of the voluntary resettlement programme, joining the group of countries voluntarily accepting migrants, easing the requirements in the procedure of granting citizenship, introducing the right of occasional residence for tolerated persons, shortening the duration of the asylum procedure and not introducing regular border checks on sections of the border that were exposed to high migration pressure. They resulted in an increase in migration pressure to Germany and a large number of applications for international protection.
{"title":"W kierunku państwa przyjaznego migrantom – polityka imigracyjna niemieckiego rządu w 2022 roku","authors":"Patrycja Lipold","doi":"10.35757/rpn.2023.31.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2023.31.01","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to examine the actions taken by the government of the SPD--FDP-Greens in Germany as part of the migration policy towards foreigners, both arriving in and residing in the country. The work is intended to clarify whether these decisions were part of the multicultural model of immigration policy. The article analyzes the activities of the government, the intention of which was to regulate the stay and introduce facilitations in terms of coming to Germany, and points to the consequences of this policy. The government’s actions included, among others: continuation of the voluntary resettlement programme, joining the group of countries voluntarily accepting migrants, easing the requirements in the procedure of granting citizenship, introducing the right of occasional residence for tolerated persons, shortening the duration of the asylum procedure and not introducing regular border checks on sections of the border that were exposed to high migration pressure. They resulted in an increase in migration pressure to Germany and a large number of applications for international protection.","PeriodicalId":393980,"journal":{"name":"Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki","volume":"39 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139196804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ciągłość i zmiany. Nowa fala skrajnej prawicy w Niemczech","authors":"P. Andrzejewski","doi":"10.35757/rpn.2022.30.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2022.30.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393980,"journal":{"name":"Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki","volume":"2023 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122654507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article’s goal is to reflect on the history of the regional identity of the Upper Silesian region of Poland. Although historical, political, and cultural aspects are considered, the focus is on the linguistic dimension, since language is one of the most important elements of collective identity. The article opens with a short historical overview, starting with the period of the Industrial Revolution, which was the crucial moment for the formation of the so-called Upper Silesian mixed code which is the subject of reflection in this article. Next, we analyse the status of the Silesian ethnolect and the possibility of raising it to the rank of a regional language. The investigation is conducted from the point of view of Polish linguistics, but based on a wider perspective of European minority language politics.
{"title":"Silesian Language or Dialect: Why Do We Need a Standard?","authors":"Magdalena Bartkowiak-Lerch","doi":"10.35757/rpn.2022.30.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2022.30.01","url":null,"abstract":"The article’s goal is to reflect on the history of the regional identity of the Upper Silesian region of Poland. Although historical, political, and cultural aspects are considered, the focus is on the linguistic dimension, since language is one of the most important elements of collective identity. The article opens with a short historical overview, starting with the period of the Industrial Revolution, which was the crucial moment for the formation of the so-called Upper Silesian mixed code which is the subject of reflection in this article. Next, we analyse the status of the Silesian ethnolect and the possibility of raising it to the rank of a regional language. The investigation is conducted from the point of view of Polish linguistics, but based on a wider perspective of European minority language politics.","PeriodicalId":393980,"journal":{"name":"Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134394584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dealing with the past is an essential part of transitional justice. It combines the four main pillars: the right to know, the right to justice, the right to reparation, and the guarantee of non-recurrence. Dealing with the past indicates that a significant amount of time has passed since the crime and injustice. Therefore, the problem of forgetting and modifying history deliberately or unconsciously forms the core of the instrumentalisation of dealing with the past. On the one hand, unconscious forgetting or modifying is usually the result of a non-responsible educational system (youth and adult education); on the other hand, deliberate modification of the past is driven by the desire to reach an aim which morally cannot be supported by its measures. One can observe governmental desire to modify and therefore instrumentalise history to secure the government’s power, divert attention from domestic issues and thus shape national pride/patriotism which is built on a selective historical memory. This article highlights the development of German and Polish relationships in the context of reparations for World War II and a selective history spread by the German movement called ‘Prussian Claims Society’ that fights, using selective Nazi analogies, to reclaim former German property from Poland represented by the Polish government. The movement also wants to create a selective history to divert attention from the national separation of the population. The aim of the article is to show how Germans and Poles handle the topic of reparations for World War II.
{"title":"The Instrumentalisation of the Right to Reparation and Dealing with the Past between Germany and Poland","authors":"S. Klein","doi":"10.35757/rpn.2022.30.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2022.30.06","url":null,"abstract":"Dealing with the past is an essential part of transitional justice. It combines the four main pillars: the right to know, the right to justice, the right to reparation, and the guarantee of non-recurrence. Dealing with the past indicates that a significant amount of time has passed since the crime and injustice. Therefore, the problem of forgetting and modifying history deliberately or unconsciously forms the core of the instrumentalisation of dealing with the past. On the one hand, unconscious forgetting or modifying is usually the result of a non-responsible educational system (youth and adult education); on the other hand, deliberate modification of the past is driven by the desire to reach an aim which morally cannot be supported by its measures. One can observe governmental desire to modify and therefore instrumentalise history to secure the government’s power, divert attention from domestic issues and thus shape national pride/patriotism which is built on a selective historical memory. This article highlights the development of German and Polish relationships in the context of reparations for World War II and a selective history spread by the German movement called ‘Prussian Claims Society’ that fights, using selective Nazi analogies, to reclaim former German property from Poland represented by the Polish government. The movement also wants to create a selective history to divert attention from the national separation of the population. The aim of the article is to show how Germans and Poles handle the topic of reparations for World War II.","PeriodicalId":393980,"journal":{"name":"Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132653559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Die bisherigen Analysen haben den in den 1990er Jahren in Ungarn durchgeführten Entschädigungsprozess unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Bestrebungen der politischen Parteien und der Veränderung ihrer diesbezüglichen Standpunkte untersucht sowie ihn in Kontext zu den verabschiedeten Rechtsnormen gebracht. Wenig Aufmerksamkeit erhielten demgegenüber die die Entschädigung betreffenden Meinungen der einzelnen betroffenen Gruppen, ihre konkreten Bestrebungen und die Möglichkeit der Gruppen, ihre Interessen durchzusetzen. In den bisherigen Forschungen wurden zudem die gesellschaftlichen Kosten der Rechtsverletzungen und ihre Auswirkung auf die betroffenen Gruppen bzw. auf das Leben der einzelnen Personen kaum thematisiert. Die den Anträgen auf Entschädigung beigefügten Dokumente (Lebensgeschichten, Fotografien, Briefwechsel, Akten) beleuchten währenddessen zahllose Erlebnisgeschichten, die auch – über die individuellen Überlebensstrategien und Kämpfe hinausgehend – die existenziellen, psychischen und physischen Auswirkungen der Rechtsverletzungen, die für Generationen Folgen hatten, offenlegen. Die Studie arbeitet den Standpunkt der ungarndeutschen Gemeinschaft bezüglich der individuellen Entscheidung, die diesbezüglichen Aktivitäten des Landesverbands der Ungarndeutschen sowie die Bemühungen auf, die Rechtsverletzungen in die Erinnerungskultur der Gemeinschaft einfließen zu lassen.
{"title":"Einige Fragen der individuellen Entschädigung der Ungarndeutschen (1989–1992)","authors":"Ágnes Tóth","doi":"10.35757/rpn.2022.30.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2022.30.04","url":null,"abstract":"Die bisherigen Analysen haben den in den 1990er Jahren in Ungarn durchgeführten Entschädigungsprozess unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Bestrebungen der politischen Parteien und der Veränderung ihrer diesbezüglichen Standpunkte untersucht sowie ihn in Kontext zu den verabschiedeten Rechtsnormen gebracht. Wenig Aufmerksamkeit erhielten demgegenüber die die Entschädigung betreffenden Meinungen der einzelnen betroffenen Gruppen, ihre konkreten Bestrebungen und die Möglichkeit der Gruppen, ihre Interessen durchzusetzen. In den bisherigen Forschungen wurden zudem die gesellschaftlichen Kosten der Rechtsverletzungen und ihre Auswirkung auf die betroffenen Gruppen bzw. auf das Leben der einzelnen Personen kaum thematisiert. Die den Anträgen auf Entschädigung beigefügten Dokumente (Lebensgeschichten, Fotografien, Briefwechsel, Akten) beleuchten währenddessen zahllose Erlebnisgeschichten, die auch – über die individuellen Überlebensstrategien und Kämpfe hinausgehend – die existenziellen, psychischen und physischen Auswirkungen der Rechtsverletzungen, die für Generationen Folgen hatten, offenlegen. \u0000Die Studie arbeitet den Standpunkt der ungarndeutschen Gemeinschaft bezüglich der individuellen Entscheidung, die diesbezüglichen Aktivitäten des Landesverbands der Ungarndeutschen sowie die Bemühungen auf, die Rechtsverletzungen in die Erinnerungskultur der Gemeinschaft einfließen zu lassen.","PeriodicalId":393980,"journal":{"name":"Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133879207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Los jeńców wojennych to rozdział niezwykle ważny w historii wielu państw, także Niemiec. Szacuje się, że ponad 11 milionów żołnierzy Wehrmachtu i Waffen-SS zostało wziętych do niewoli przez aliantów. Dopiero w latach 1955/56 ostatnie 10 000 jeńców wojennych powróciło do Niemiec i Austrii. Społeczeństwo niemieckie z ogromnym zaangażowaniem włączyło się w obchody ustalonych przez rząd RFN dni i tygodni pamięci o jeńcach wojennych. Nieocenione okazało się także zaangażowanie VdH, który od 1951 r. w pełni przejął obowiązek organizacji wspomnianych wydarzeń i nawet po zakończeniu oficjalnych form upamiętniania pielęgnował wspomnienia o niemieckich jeńcach wojennych.
{"title":"Ludzkie słowa są zbyt małe i zbyt ubogie… Pamięć o niemieckich jeńcach wojennych w RFN w latach pięćdziesiątych XX wieku","authors":"M. Bula","doi":"10.35757/rpn.2022.30.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2022.30.03","url":null,"abstract":"Los jeńców wojennych to rozdział niezwykle ważny w historii wielu państw, także Niemiec. Szacuje się, że ponad 11 milionów żołnierzy Wehrmachtu i Waffen-SS zostało wziętych do niewoli przez aliantów. Dopiero w latach 1955/56 ostatnie 10 000 jeńców wojennych powróciło do Niemiec i Austrii. Społeczeństwo niemieckie z ogromnym zaangażowaniem włączyło się w obchody ustalonych przez rząd RFN dni i tygodni pamięci o jeńcach wojennych. Nieocenione okazało się także zaangażowanie VdH, który od 1951 r. w pełni przejął obowiązek organizacji wspomnianych wydarzeń i nawet po zakończeniu oficjalnych form upamiętniania pielęgnował wspomnienia o niemieckich jeńcach wojennych.","PeriodicalId":393980,"journal":{"name":"Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125632128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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