Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111618
Jilong Mo , Xijun Wang , Pinhong Chen , Xuejiao Lin , Mingjun Chen , Wuyi Zhou , Haisong Qi
Harnessing ambient moisture energy for water purification represents a promising paradigm that directly supports the synergistic goals of environmental protection and sustainable energy development. Herein, a cellulose hydrogel moist-electric generator (C-HMEG) is constructed. The integrated C-HMEGs are not only highly efficient hygroscopic platforms that convert moisture into electricity, but also drive electrocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) in wastewater. Under 75 % relative humidity, the C-HMEG unit achieves an open-circuit voltage of 1.07 V and a short-circuit current density of 550 μA cm-². Of great importance is that the integrated C-HMEGs can directly drive electrocatalysis, and the degradation efficiency of MO solution reaches 99.54 % within 300 min. Notably, the hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) generated by moisture-induced electricity contribute to the electrocatalytic degradation of MO due to their potent oxidative nature. The concept and design presented in this work not only enable the efficient conversion of sustainable moisture energy, but also offer a viable method for removing azo dye in wastewater, providing a promising self-powered strategy for fostering a cleaner environment.
{"title":"Moist-electric generator for degradation of azo dye by self-powered electrocatalytic oxidation","authors":"Jilong Mo , Xijun Wang , Pinhong Chen , Xuejiao Lin , Mingjun Chen , Wuyi Zhou , Haisong Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Harnessing ambient moisture energy for water purification represents a promising paradigm that directly supports the synergistic goals of environmental protection and sustainable energy development. Herein, a cellulose hydrogel moist-electric generator (C-HMEG) is constructed. The integrated C-HMEGs are not only highly efficient hygroscopic platforms that convert moisture into electricity, but also drive electrocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) in wastewater. Under 75 % relative humidity, the C-HMEG unit achieves an open-circuit voltage of 1.07 V and a short-circuit current density of 550 μA cm<sup>-</sup>². Of great importance is that the integrated C-HMEGs can directly drive electrocatalysis, and the degradation efficiency of MO solution reaches 99.54 % within 300 min. Notably, the hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) generated by moisture-induced electricity contribute to the electrocatalytic degradation of MO due to their potent oxidative nature. The concept and design presented in this work not only enable the efficient conversion of sustainable moisture energy, but also offer a viable method for removing azo dye in wastewater, providing a promising self-powered strategy for fostering a cleaner environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111618"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145583737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the development of marine engineering, the problems of metal corrosion and biofouling have become increasingly prominent, seriously affecting the reliability of marine facilities. Traditional protective technologies rely on external power sources or chemical substances, which have issues such as energy consumption and environmental pollution. As an emerging green energy technology, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) offers a promising self-powered alternative by effectively capturing low-frequency mechanical energy from sources such as wind and waves and converting it into electricity. This paper systematically reviews the recent advances of TENG in the fields of metal anti-corrosion and marine anti-fouling, with a focus on the design of triboelectric materials and the construction of device structures. It begins by outlining the limitations of existing protective technologies and the basic theory of TENGs, and further focuses on analyzing the material construction strategies through chemical modification and physical structure design, as well as the effects of various structural forms such as contact-separation, rotating disc, and liquid-solid interface on output performance and environmental adaptability. The significant advantages of TENG in terms of design flexibility and sustainability are summarized, and the challenges it faces in areas such as environmental durability and engineering applications are objectively discussed. The outlook on future development trends and technical paths aims to promote the practical application and industrialization process of TENG in the field of marine anti-corrosion and anti-fouling.
{"title":"Triboelectric nanogenerators for self-powered metal anti-corrosion and marine anti-fouling","authors":"Dongzhi Zhang, Yan Wu, Yubiao Zhang, Hao Zhang, Lina Zhou, Chunqing Yang, Zuozhe Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the development of marine engineering, the problems of metal corrosion and biofouling have become increasingly prominent, seriously affecting the reliability of marine facilities. Traditional protective technologies rely on external power sources or chemical substances, which have issues such as energy consumption and environmental pollution. As an emerging green energy technology, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) offers a promising self-powered alternative by effectively capturing low-frequency mechanical energy from sources such as wind and waves and converting it into electricity. This paper systematically reviews the recent advances of TENG in the fields of metal anti-corrosion and marine anti-fouling, with a focus on the design of triboelectric materials and the construction of device structures. It begins by outlining the limitations of existing protective technologies and the basic theory of TENGs, and further focuses on analyzing the material construction strategies through chemical modification and physical structure design, as well as the effects of various structural forms such as contact-separation, rotating disc, and liquid-solid interface on output performance and environmental adaptability. The significant advantages of TENG in terms of design flexibility and sustainability are summarized, and the challenges it faces in areas such as environmental durability and engineering applications are objectively discussed. The outlook on future development trends and technical paths aims to promote the practical application and industrialization process of TENG in the field of marine anti-corrosion and anti-fouling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 111605"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111614
Yucheng Guo , Kaixuan Zhou , Fang Liu , Yan Wang , Wenze Wei , Ye Yuan , Kunyang Li , Xuepeng He , Wentao Zheng , Tai Li , Tao Wang , Zhaoying Chen , Ping Wang , Shiping Guo , Jingyu Sun , Bo Shen , Zhongfan Liu , Xinqiang Wang
The development of gallium nitride (GaN)-based red light emitting diodes (LEDs) is critical for full-color display technologies, yet it remains hindered by spectral instability due to wavelength drift. While current strategies employing 2D materials primarily focus on passive strain relaxation to achieve red-shifted emission, the concept of proactive strain modulation for enhanced wavelength stability has not been realized. Here, we present a multilayer graphene-enabled strain modulation approach enabling the growth of 4-inch, mechanically strippable GaN films for red LEDs with exceptional wavelength stability. Through irradiation engineering, precise manipulation over the bonding strength of the GaN/graphene/sapphire interface is achieved, facilitating quasi-van der Waals epitaxy, significant strain relaxation and wafer-level lift-off. Consequently, the graphene-based red LEDs exhibit a widely tunable wavelength shift of 0.6–15.5 nm under increasing current injection—in stark contrast to the ∼24 nm blue-shift observed in conventional LEDs grown on sapphire. Moreover, the wavelength variation across a temperature range from 298 to 358 K is also decreased by ∼70 %. This work establishes multilayer graphene-enabled strain engineering as a transformative strategy for realizing stable GaN-based light emitting devices and paves the way for their integration into high-performance display applications.
{"title":"Graphene-enabled strain modulation of 4-inch strippable GaN films for wavelength-stable red light-emitting diodes","authors":"Yucheng Guo , Kaixuan Zhou , Fang Liu , Yan Wang , Wenze Wei , Ye Yuan , Kunyang Li , Xuepeng He , Wentao Zheng , Tai Li , Tao Wang , Zhaoying Chen , Ping Wang , Shiping Guo , Jingyu Sun , Bo Shen , Zhongfan Liu , Xinqiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of gallium nitride (GaN)-based red light emitting diodes (LEDs) is critical for full-color display technologies, yet it remains hindered by spectral instability due to wavelength drift. While current strategies employing 2D materials primarily focus on passive strain relaxation to achieve red-shifted emission, the concept of proactive strain modulation for enhanced wavelength stability has not been realized. Here, we present a multilayer graphene-enabled strain modulation approach enabling the growth of 4-inch, mechanically strippable GaN films for red LEDs with exceptional wavelength stability. Through irradiation engineering, precise manipulation over the bonding strength of the GaN/graphene/sapphire interface is achieved, facilitating quasi-van der Waals epitaxy, significant strain relaxation and wafer-level lift-off. Consequently, the graphene-based red LEDs exhibit a widely tunable wavelength shift of 0.6–15.5 nm under increasing current injection—in stark contrast to the ∼24 nm blue-shift observed in conventional LEDs grown on sapphire. Moreover, the wavelength variation across a temperature range from 298 to 358 K is also decreased by ∼70 %. This work establishes multilayer graphene-enabled strain engineering as a transformative strategy for realizing stable GaN-based light emitting devices and paves the way for their integration into high-performance display applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 111614"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111613
Tao Liu , Jianjun Liu , Yang Liu , Jin Qian , Jiwei Zhai , Yao Zhou , Tao Zhou , Gui-Wei Yan , Di-Ming Xu , Kar Ban Tan , Wenfeng Liu , Di Zhou
As demands for high-performance capacitors in high-temperature applications such as electrified transport and pulsed power systems grow, polymer dielectrics with both high discharge energy density (Ud) and superior thermal stability are increasingly needed. In this work, we introduce an interlayer-directed multilevel trap engineering approach to create all-organic sandwich-structured polymer composite films through a one-step dip-coating and hot-pressing process. A high-electron-affinity organic semiconductor, 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA, C₁₄H₄O₆), is incorporated into poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) and coated onto a central poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) layer, which is then sandwiched between two outer PET films. The energy band offset between NTCDA and P(VDF-HFP) creates multilevel deep traps, while the interlayer interfaces introduce effective carrier barriers. This synergistic trap-barrier effect significantly suppresses charge transport and leakage current, resulting in enhanced breakdown strength (Eb) (∼ 678.6 MV·m−1) and excellent energy storage performance (ESP) (Ud ≈ 8.2 J·cm−3, efficiency (η) ≈ 94.3 %) at 25 °C. At 125 °C, a high Ud of 6.4 J·cm−3 is retained. This research offers an effective approach to develop polymer dielectrics that combine thermal stability with high efficiency for cutting-edge energy storage uses.
{"title":"Interlayer-directed multilevel trap engineering for enhanced energy storage in PET dielectric films","authors":"Tao Liu , Jianjun Liu , Yang Liu , Jin Qian , Jiwei Zhai , Yao Zhou , Tao Zhou , Gui-Wei Yan , Di-Ming Xu , Kar Ban Tan , Wenfeng Liu , Di Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As demands for high-performance capacitors in high-temperature applications such as electrified transport and pulsed power systems grow, polymer dielectrics with both high discharge energy density (<em>U</em><sub>d</sub>) and superior thermal stability are increasingly needed. In this work, we introduce an interlayer-directed multilevel trap engineering approach to create all-organic sandwich-structured polymer composite films through a one-step dip-coating and hot-pressing process. A high-electron-affinity organic semiconductor, 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA, C₁₄H₄O₆), is incorporated into poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) and coated onto a central poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) layer, which is then sandwiched between two outer PET films. The energy band offset between NTCDA and P(VDF-HFP) creates multilevel deep traps, while the interlayer interfaces introduce effective carrier barriers. This synergistic trap-barrier effect significantly suppresses charge transport and leakage current, resulting in enhanced breakdown strength (<em>E</em><sub>b</sub>) (∼ 678.6 MV·m<sup>−1</sup>) and excellent energy storage performance (ESP) (<em>U</em><sub>d</sub> ≈ 8.2 J·cm<sup>−3</sup>, efficiency (<em>η</em>) ≈ 94.3 %) at 25 °C. At 125 °C, a high <em>U</em><sub>d</sub> of 6.4 J·cm<sup>−3</sup> is retained. This research offers an effective approach to develop polymer dielectrics that combine thermal stability with high efficiency for cutting-edge energy storage uses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 111613"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111596
Xin Ye , Yudong Wang , Wen Jiang , Haixin Li , Xia Cao
Amidst growing demands for carbon-neutral energy solutions, conventional triboelectric materials face critical bottlenecks in environmental persistence and performance-cost balance. We demonstrate an eco-conscious strategy through molecular engineering of chitosan-gelatin-citric acid (CGC) ternary composites, achieving synergistic optimization of electron-donating capacity and biodegradation kinetics. The uniquely designed CGC-TENG exhibits unprecedented dual-aspect performance: high triboelectric outputs (287.7 V, 28.1 μA, 110.2 nC) exceeding most biopolymer-based counterparts, coupled with full biodegradation within 62 days −11.29 % faster than existing chitosan-based devices. A novel fabrication protocol ensures operational stability, and the voltage remains stable after approximately 2500 cycles. Beyond conventional energy harvesting, we also apply it to the IoT applications, including the application of CGC-TENG in adaptive anti-theft monitoring and multichannel optical communication based on programmable LED arrays.
{"title":"Molecular engineered chitosan-gelatin-citric acid composite enable multifunctional biodegradable triboelectric nanogenerator for self-powered IoT ecosystems","authors":"Xin Ye , Yudong Wang , Wen Jiang , Haixin Li , Xia Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amidst growing demands for carbon-neutral energy solutions, conventional triboelectric materials face critical bottlenecks in environmental persistence and performance-cost balance. We demonstrate an eco-conscious strategy through molecular engineering of chitosan-gelatin-citric acid (CGC) ternary composites, achieving synergistic optimization of electron-donating capacity and biodegradation kinetics. The uniquely designed CGC-TENG exhibits unprecedented dual-aspect performance: high triboelectric outputs (287.7 V, 28.1 μA, 110.2 nC) exceeding most biopolymer-based counterparts, coupled with full biodegradation within 62 days −11.29 % faster than existing chitosan-based devices. A novel fabrication protocol ensures operational stability, and the voltage remains stable after approximately 2500 cycles. Beyond conventional energy harvesting, we also apply it to the IoT applications, including the application of CGC-TENG in adaptive anti-theft monitoring and multichannel optical communication based on programmable LED arrays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 111596"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145567632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111602
Youngran Jung , Adith Ramakrishnan Velmurugan , Intae Kim , Hyeontae Kim , Geon-Woo Kim , Ji-Yong Kim , Jiwan Jeon , Yujin Lee , Jae-Chan Lee , Seo-June Park , Yeon-A Cha , Stefan Ringe , Dae-Hyun Nam , Young-Chang Joo
Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers a promising route for converting CO2 into value-added chemicals. GDEs are pivotal for pushing CO2RR toward industrial competitiveness, yet the GDE macro- and nano-structural parameters and their relationship with CO2RR performance remain unclear. Here, we experimentally quantified the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of Cu-based GDEs (28BC, 22BB, 39BB, 36BB) and their CO2RR performance, integrating this with mass-transport simulations. From this, we constructed a GDE structure–CO2RR activity map that reveals two operating windows: A high-current-density (HCD) onset region (−1.50 V (vs. SHE)) at which product selectivity is governed by surface roughness which drives the re-adsorption of CO and further reduction to oxygenates, and competition for surface adsorbed hydrogen. Deeper in the HCD regime (−1.63 V (vs. SHE)), optimal activity requires balancing CO2 transport with surface adsorbed hydrogen coverage, exemplified by one of the GDEs (22BB), whose high roughness and low microporous-layer porosity deliver the highest intrinsic rates for both hydrocarbon and oxygenate pathways while suppressing hydrogen evolution. These findings identify roughness and porosity as the primary, tunable levers for steering Cu-GDE product selectivity, provide actionable design rules for next-generation CO2 electrolyzers and important mechanistic insights.
电化学CO2还原反应（CO2RR）为将CO2转化为增值化学品提供了一条很有前途的途径。GDE是推动CO2RR产业竞争力的关键，但GDE宏观和纳米结构参数及其与CO2RR性能的关系尚不清楚。在这里，我们通过实验量化了cu基GDEs （28BC, 22BB, 39BB, 36BB）的内在和外在性质以及它们的CO2RR性能，并将其与质量输运模拟相结合。由此，我们构建了GDE结构- co2rr活性图，揭示了两个操作窗口：高电流密度（HCD）起始区域（- 1.50 V (vs. SHE)），在该区域，产物选择性受表面粗糙度控制，表面粗糙度驱动CO的再吸附并进一步还原为氧合物，以及表面吸附氢的竞争。在HCD状态下（- 1.63 V (vs. SHE)），最佳活性需要平衡CO2传输和表面吸附的氢气覆盖率，例如gde (22BB)，其高粗糙度和低微孔层孔隙度提供了碳氢化合物和氧化物途径的最高固有速率，同时抑制了氢的析出。这些发现确定了粗糙度和孔隙度是控制Cu-GDE产品选择性的主要可调杠杆，为下一代CO2电解槽提供了可操作的设计规则，并提供了重要的机理见解。
{"title":"Understanding the role of gas diffusion electrodes in steering the CO2 electroreduction pathway","authors":"Youngran Jung , Adith Ramakrishnan Velmurugan , Intae Kim , Hyeontae Kim , Geon-Woo Kim , Ji-Yong Kim , Jiwan Jeon , Yujin Lee , Jae-Chan Lee , Seo-June Park , Yeon-A Cha , Stefan Ringe , Dae-Hyun Nam , Young-Chang Joo","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR) offers a promising route for converting CO<sub>2</sub> into value-added chemicals. GDEs are pivotal for pushing CO<sub>2</sub>RR toward industrial competitiveness, yet the GDE macro- and nano-structural parameters and their relationship with CO<sub>2</sub>RR performance remain unclear. Here, we experimentally quantified the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of Cu-based GDEs (28BC, 22BB, 39BB, 36BB) and their CO<sub>2</sub>RR performance, integrating this with mass-transport simulations. From this, we constructed a GDE structure–CO<sub>2</sub>RR activity map that reveals two operating windows: A high-current-density (HCD) onset region (−1.50 V (vs. SHE)) at which product selectivity is governed by surface roughness which drives the re-adsorption of CO and further reduction to oxygenates, and competition for surface adsorbed hydrogen. Deeper in the HCD regime (−1.63 V (vs. SHE)), optimal activity requires balancing CO<sub>2</sub> transport with surface adsorbed hydrogen coverage, exemplified by one of the GDEs (22BB), whose high roughness and low microporous-layer porosity deliver the highest intrinsic rates for both hydrocarbon and oxygenate pathways while suppressing hydrogen evolution. These findings identify roughness and porosity as the primary, tunable levers for steering Cu-GDE product selectivity, provide actionable design rules for next-generation CO<sub>2</sub> electrolyzers and important mechanistic insights.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 111602"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145560443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111604
Dinku Hazarika , Jiaqi Lu , Yifan Wu , Jiafeng Ni , Kaihang Zhang , Jianhui Wu , Yifan Li , Jie Li , Liangquan Xu , Chuanrui Chen , Xinyu Cai , Rui Wan , Luigi G. Occhipinti , Zhi Ye , Zhen Cao , Hao Jin , Shurong Dong , Jikui Luo
Wireless power transmission offers transformative potential for next-generation implantable and wearable electronics by eliminating physical connectors. Here, we present a triboelectric acoustic power transfer (APT) device based on a pseudo-ferroelectric solid polymer electrolyte (PFSPE), engineered to deliver high power output through an innovative ion-regulating mechanism. The PFSPE is constructed by doping CaCl2 into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and interfacing it with a ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) substrate. Under the electrostatic field generated by the surface of the ferroelectric PZT underneath, Cl⁻ ions migrate and accumulate at the SPE surface, while most Ca2 + ions remain immobilized through ion–dipole interactions with PVDF chains. This results in and maintains a very high surface charge density (12 μC cm−2) without external poling. Material characterization, supported by molecular dynamics simulations, clearly reveals that ion migration, β-phase crystallinity, and ion-dipole alignment are pivotal to maintaining the insulating character of the PFSPE while enabling efficient charge separation. This mechanism significantly boosts triboelectric output, enabling ∼150 V peak voltage and a very high-power density of 55.8 mW cm−2 under medically safe ultrasound excitation (20 kHz, 0.5 W cm−2), delivering ∼0.35 J per cycle. The device ensures wireless power delivery through 5 cm water, 20 cm concrete, porcine tissue and in vivo rabbit, with no thermal or performance degradation. The harvested energy is sufficient to reliably power implantable electronics such as gastric stimulators, while demonstrating proven biocompatibility and long-term operational stability. This frequency-independent approach outperforms conventional piezoelectric receivers and offers broad potential for medical and structural monitoring applications.
{"title":"Ultrahigh efficiency acoustic power transfer via pseudo-ferroelectric ion-engineered polymer electrolyte","authors":"Dinku Hazarika , Jiaqi Lu , Yifan Wu , Jiafeng Ni , Kaihang Zhang , Jianhui Wu , Yifan Li , Jie Li , Liangquan Xu , Chuanrui Chen , Xinyu Cai , Rui Wan , Luigi G. Occhipinti , Zhi Ye , Zhen Cao , Hao Jin , Shurong Dong , Jikui Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wireless power transmission offers transformative potential for next-generation implantable and wearable electronics by eliminating physical connectors. Here, we present a triboelectric acoustic power transfer (APT) device based on a pseudo-ferroelectric solid polymer electrolyte (PFSPE), engineered to deliver high power output through an innovative ion-regulating mechanism. The PFSPE is constructed by doping CaCl<sub>2</sub> into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and interfacing it with a ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) substrate. Under the electrostatic field generated by the surface of the ferroelectric PZT underneath, Cl⁻ ions migrate and accumulate at the SPE surface, while most Ca<sup>2 +</sup> ions remain immobilized through ion–dipole interactions with PVDF chains. This results in and maintains a very high surface charge density (12 μC cm<sup>−2</sup>) without external poling. Material characterization, supported by molecular dynamics simulations, clearly reveals that ion migration, β-phase crystallinity, and ion-dipole alignment are pivotal to maintaining the insulating character of the PFSPE while enabling efficient charge separation. This mechanism significantly boosts triboelectric output, enabling ∼150 V peak voltage and a very high-power density of 55.8 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> under medically safe ultrasound excitation (20 kHz, 0.5 W cm<sup>−2</sup>), delivering ∼0.35 J per cycle. The device ensures wireless power delivery through 5 cm water, 20 cm concrete, porcine tissue and in vivo rabbit, with no thermal or performance degradation. The harvested energy is sufficient to reliably power implantable electronics such as gastric stimulators, while demonstrating proven biocompatibility and long-term operational stability. This frequency-independent approach outperforms conventional piezoelectric receivers and offers broad potential for medical and structural monitoring applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 111604"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111598
Yuwei Niu , Yuhua Wang , Haijun Zhang
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit distinct advantages in membrane separation, energy conversion and storage, flexible devices, and catalysis due to their high specific surface area, tunable pore structures, and rich chemical reactivity. In the fields of catalysis, sensing, and energy storage, MOFs provide diverse functions including active sites, selectivity regulation, stability and reusability, ion transport modulation, electrocatalysis, specific recognition, and signal transduction. They have been widely utilized to enhance the capacity and performance of energy storage materials, as well as the stability of catalysts and energy storage systems. In this review, we discuss the role of both bulk and surface chemical properties of MOFs in catalysts, sensors, and energy storage devices, and elucidate the correlation between their properties and functionalities. Furthermore, we provide guidelines for manipulating surface terminal groups of MOFs to optimize the performance of batteries and supercapacitors. Finally, we outline current challenges and future opportunities for MOF-based energy storage components in practical applications.
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Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111597
Kae E. Fink, Peter J. Weddle, Jack R. Palmer , Christof Zweifel , Glenn Teeter, Ankit Verma, Shane Frisco , Sang-Don Han , Maxwell C. Schulze, G. Michael Carroll, Andrew M. Colclasure, Nathan R. Neale, Bertrand J. Tremolet de Villers
Silicon (Si) is a leading next-generation Li-ion battery anode candidate that meets rigorous performance demands for portable power including enhanced power and energy density with robust cycling performance. However, a series of complex and interrelated reactions lead to reduced calendar life in Si-containing systems and therefore challenge practical adoption. In the present work, we probe the mechanisms underlying observed performance improvements by adding a pitch-carbon coating onto nano-Si material. We pair solid-phase (X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared), semi-volatile phase (solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), and gas-phase (gas chromatography-flame-ionization detector) characterization signals to comprehensively evaluate the impact of pitch-carbon coating on the evolution of the Si solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the associated impacts on electrode/electrolyte reactivity. The pitch-carbon is found to serve as a physicochemical barrier, reducing the electro-active surface area for Si/electrolyte reactivity and preventing Si oxidation. Further, the pitch-carbon coating promotes the evolution of a more-favorable SEI by subsuming substantial functionality typically associated with the fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) electrolyte additive – such as alkoxide scavenging and suppression of transesterification pathways – and by shifting the competitive electrolyte degradation pathways’ favorability. The multi-phase characterization approach enables holistic end-products evaluation from complex (electro)chemical interfacial reactions, which informs a robust interpretation of the carbon coating’s role in electrochemical performance improvements. The present mechanistic evaluation aids the rational design for improved nano-Si materials.
{"title":"Multi-phase characterization of pitch-carbon coated nano-silicon anodes for lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Kae E. Fink, Peter J. Weddle, Jack R. Palmer , Christof Zweifel , Glenn Teeter, Ankit Verma, Shane Frisco , Sang-Don Han , Maxwell C. Schulze, G. Michael Carroll, Andrew M. Colclasure, Nathan R. Neale, Bertrand J. Tremolet de Villers","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon (Si) is a leading next-generation Li-ion battery anode candidate that meets rigorous performance demands for portable power including enhanced power and energy density with robust cycling performance. However, a series of complex and interrelated reactions lead to reduced calendar life in Si-containing systems and therefore challenge practical adoption. In the present work, we probe the mechanisms underlying observed performance improvements by adding a pitch-carbon coating onto nano-Si material. We pair solid-phase (X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared), semi-volatile phase (solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), and gas-phase (gas chromatography-flame-ionization detector) characterization signals to comprehensively evaluate the impact of pitch-carbon coating on the evolution of the Si solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the associated impacts on electrode/electrolyte reactivity. The pitch-carbon is found to serve as a physicochemical barrier, reducing the electro-active surface area for Si/electrolyte reactivity and preventing Si oxidation. Further, the pitch-carbon coating promotes the evolution of a more-favorable SEI by subsuming substantial functionality typically associated with the fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) electrolyte additive – such as alkoxide scavenging and suppression of transesterification pathways – and by shifting the competitive electrolyte degradation pathways’ favorability. The multi-phase characterization approach enables holistic end-products evaluation from complex (electro)chemical interfacial reactions, which informs a robust interpretation of the carbon coating’s role in electrochemical performance improvements. The present mechanistic evaluation aids the rational design for improved nano-Si materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 111597"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145546227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111595
Milad Shojaeian , Isidro Florenciano , Chen Wang , Nadezda Kuznetsova , Francisco Molina-Lopez , Michael Kraft
This study presents a mechanical self-assembly strategy to fabricate high-performance, CMOS-compatible microscale thermoelectric devices (μTEDs). Planar μTEDs are transformed into 3D elevated architectures by exploiting intrinsic stress gradients in stacked thin films. These elevated structures generate substantial internal temperature differences (ΔTG) without an external cooling system or complex processing. To demonstrate this concept, chromium–nickel thermocouples, with respectively optimized thin-film power factors of approximately 1600 and 2900 µW·m⁻¹ ·K⁻², are used. Finite element method (FEM) simulations considering the fabrication constraints serve to guide geometry design. A surface topography control method enables precise tuning of thermocouple elevation height to maximize ΔTG, and output power as a result. The directly microfabricated on-chip devices deliver up to 2.5 mV across sub-mm² areas at a substrate temperature of 70 °C and thermally floating cold junctions, with power densities exceeding 1 μW·cm⁻² in passive cooling mode and 3.5 μW·cm⁻² under mild forced convection. Simulations match experimental performance within 17 % error, proving the robustness of the design. Fully compatible with standard CMOS processes and materials, this approach offers a scalable platform for integrating high-performance thermoelectric materials into microelectronic systems for low-power energy harvesting and thermal management.
{"title":"Stress-engineered 3D thin-film micro-thermoelectrics for integrated energy harvesting and thermal management","authors":"Milad Shojaeian , Isidro Florenciano , Chen Wang , Nadezda Kuznetsova , Francisco Molina-Lopez , Michael Kraft","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a mechanical self-assembly strategy to fabricate high-performance, CMOS-compatible microscale thermoelectric devices (μTEDs). Planar μTEDs are transformed into 3D elevated architectures by exploiting intrinsic stress gradients in stacked thin films. These elevated structures generate substantial internal temperature differences (<em>ΔT</em><sub><em>G</em></sub>) without an external cooling system or complex processing. To demonstrate this concept, chromium–nickel thermocouples, with respectively optimized thin-film power factors of approximately 1600 and 2900 µW·m⁻¹ ·K⁻², are used. Finite element method (FEM) simulations considering the fabrication constraints serve to guide geometry design. A surface topography control method enables precise tuning of thermocouple elevation height to maximize <em>ΔT</em><sub><em>G</em></sub>, and output power as a result. The directly microfabricated on-chip devices deliver up to 2.5 mV across sub-mm² areas at a substrate temperature of 70 °C and thermally floating cold junctions, with power densities exceeding 1 μW·cm⁻² in passive cooling mode and 3.5 μW·cm⁻² under mild forced convection. Simulations match experimental performance within 17 % error, proving the robustness of the design. Fully compatible with standard CMOS processes and materials, this approach offers a scalable platform for integrating high-performance thermoelectric materials into microelectronic systems for low-power energy harvesting and thermal management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 111595"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145554220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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