In the application of Si/C anodes in sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), the nanosizing of silicon particles and the physical confinement of solid electrolytes (SEs) can be utilized to mitigate the expansion effect, while the carbon coating layer improves the electron conductivity of the anode. However, during the preparation of Si/C anodes, Si-Si bonds will break with numerous dangling bonds/defects on the surface of nm-Si, as the crystal grains are continuously nanosized. This leads to high surface energy and prone reactivity to form silicon oxides. Therefore, controlling the oxygen content in nm-Si precursors and enhancing oxidation resistance are crucial. In this study, unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are used as grinding agents to form a strong Si-C interface with silicon nanoparticles, enhancing oxidation resistance. After carbonization, a carbon layer is formed to restrict the volume expansion of silicon nanoparticles and prevent direct contact between sulfide electrolytes and silicon nanoparticles, reducing side reactions. The grinding-Si /C(Gd-Si/C)/Li-In half-cell achieved 150 cycles at a current density of 1 A g-1, with a capacity retention rate of 96% and a reversible capacity of over 1000mAh g-1. The NCM811||Gd-Si/C sulfide ASSB delivered 150 cycles at a high specific capacity (7.6mAh cm-2), with a capacity retention rate of 80%.
Si/C阳极在硫化物基全固态电池（assb）中的应用，可以利用硅颗粒的纳米尺寸和固体电解质（SEs）的物理约束来减轻膨胀效应，而碳涂层可以提高阳极的电子导电性。然而，在制备Si/C阳极的过程中，由于晶粒连续纳米化，纳米Si表面会出现大量悬空键/缺陷，导致Si-Si键断裂。这导致了高表面能和易于形成硅氧化物的反应性。因此，控制纳米硅前驱体中的氧含量，提高其抗氧化性至关重要。在本研究中，不饱和烃化合物作为研磨剂与硅纳米颗粒形成强Si-C界面，增强抗氧化性。碳化后形成碳层，限制了硅纳米颗粒的体积膨胀，防止硫化电解质与硅纳米颗粒直接接触，减少了副反应。该研磨- si /C(Gd-Si/C)/Li-In半电池在1 a g-1电流密度下实现了150次循环，容量保持率为96%，可逆容量超过1000mAh g-1。NCM811||Gd-Si/C硫化ASSB在高比容量（7.6mAh cm-2）下可提供150次循环，容量保持率为80%。
{"title":"High-Performance Sulfide All-Solid-State Batteries With Antioxidant Si/C Anodes","authors":"Qian Li, DeXin Yu, MuChun Li, WeiTao He, Wenlin Yan, JiXian Luo, DengXu Wu, ZiQi Zhang, Chang Guo, Chuang Yi, Liquan Chen, Fan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111781","url":null,"abstract":"In the application of Si/C anodes in sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), the nanosizing of silicon particles and the physical confinement of solid electrolytes (SEs) can be utilized to mitigate the expansion effect, while the carbon coating layer improves the electron conductivity of the anode. However, during the preparation of Si/C anodes, Si-Si bonds will break with numerous dangling bonds/defects on the surface of nm-Si, as the crystal grains are continuously nanosized. This leads to high surface energy and prone reactivity to form silicon oxides. Therefore, controlling the oxygen content in nm-Si precursors and enhancing oxidation resistance are crucial. In this study, unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are used as grinding agents to form a strong Si-C interface with silicon nanoparticles, enhancing oxidation resistance. After carbonization, a carbon layer is formed to restrict the volume expansion of silicon nanoparticles and prevent direct contact between sulfide electrolytes and silicon nanoparticles, reducing side reactions. The grinding-Si /C(Gd-Si/C)/Li-In half-cell achieved 150 cycles at a current density of 1<!-- --> <!-- -->A<!-- --> <!-- -->g<sup>-1</sup>, with a capacity retention rate of 96% and a reversible capacity of over 1000mAh g<sup>-1</sup>. The NCM811||Gd-Si/C sulfide ASSB delivered 150 cycles at a high specific capacity (7.6mAh cm<sup>-2</sup>), with a capacity retention rate of 80%.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111780
Zichen Gong, Jinfeng Dong, Soe Ko Ko Aung, Thang Bach Phan, Qi Qian, Tosawat Seetawan, Surasak Ruamruk, Yujie Ke, Bhuvanesh Srinivasan, Zhaogang Dong, Sai Kishore Ravi, Ady Suwardi, Jing Cao
{"title":"Evaporative hydrogels for high-performance ambient body heat harvesting via thermoelectric","authors":"Zichen Gong, Jinfeng Dong, Soe Ko Ko Aung, Thang Bach Phan, Qi Qian, Tosawat Seetawan, Surasak Ruamruk, Yujie Ke, Bhuvanesh Srinivasan, Zhaogang Dong, Sai Kishore Ravi, Ady Suwardi, Jing Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111780","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"255 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111776
Xin Tan, Fei Xue, Xin Qin, Wei Ma, Han Yan
Developing highly-transparent organic solar cell (OSC) with an average visible transmittance (AVT) over 55% and a reasonable light utilization efficiency (LUE) over 2.50% is vital to enlarge its application scenarios for commercialization. Reducing electron-donor (D) content in photoactive layer represents a primary strategy for achieving this goal. However, the intrinsic transparent photoactive layer typically incurs exciton utilization penalty which requires the CuSCN in replacement of PEDOT:PSS to form an additional exciton splitting interface. Herein, we study the CuSCN-based OSC in the D-poor region for potential over 60% AVT. Though CuSCN produces higher short-circuit current density (JSC) than PEDOT:PSS as hole-transporting layer (HTL), the lower fill factor (FF) and its light-healing behavior suppress the power conversion efficiency (PCE) value. Detailed recombination analysis and Cu valence state comparison confirm the hole-trap at CuSCN/photoactive interface as the determinant reason for FF loss and its light-healing behavior. Targeted p-type doping close to the interface increases the FF in CuSCN-based PM6:L8-BO (0.10:1) OSC from 56.0% to 62.1% and mitigates the light-healing phenomenon as well as stability problem by hole-trap passivation. Taking advantage of the improved CuSCN device, a semitransparent OSC (ST-OSC) with an AVT exceeding 55% and an appealing LUE of 2.66% is fabricated.
{"title":"Optimizing CuSCN/photoactive interface towards efficient semitransparent organic solar cell with 55% average visible transmittance","authors":"Xin Tan, Fei Xue, Xin Qin, Wei Ma, Han Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111776","url":null,"abstract":"Developing highly-transparent organic solar cell (OSC) with an average visible transmittance (AVT) over 55% and a reasonable light utilization efficiency (LUE) over 2.50% is vital to enlarge its application scenarios for commercialization. Reducing electron-donor (D) content in photoactive layer represents a primary strategy for achieving this goal. However, the intrinsic transparent photoactive layer typically incurs exciton utilization penalty which requires the CuSCN in replacement of PEDOT:PSS to form an additional exciton splitting interface. Herein, we study the CuSCN-based OSC in the D-poor region for potential over 60% AVT. Though CuSCN produces higher short-circuit current density (<em>J</em><sub><em>SC</em></sub>) than PEDOT:PSS as hole-transporting layer (HTL), the lower fill factor (FF) and its light-healing behavior suppress the power conversion efficiency (PCE) value. Detailed recombination analysis and Cu valence state comparison confirm the hole-trap at CuSCN/photoactive interface as the determinant reason for FF loss and its light-healing behavior. Targeted p-type doping close to the interface increases the FF in CuSCN-based PM6:L8-BO (0.10:1) OSC from 56.0% to 62.1% and mitigates the light-healing phenomenon as well as stability problem by hole-trap passivation. Taking advantage of the improved CuSCN device, a semitransparent OSC (ST-OSC) with an AVT exceeding 55% and an appealing LUE of 2.66% is fabricated.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111775
Jihun Jeon, Momoko Urano, Shusuke Bando, Hiroki Ogawa, Hideo Ohkita, Hyung Do Kim
The emergence of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), particularly Y6 derivatives, has propelled organic photovoltaics (OPVs) to power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 20%. However, these highly efficient NFAs exhibit strong aggregation in the solid state, often leading to suboptimal morphology and restricted charge transport. To address this issue, liquid or solid additives are commonly introduced during film fabrication; however, the mechanisms by which different additives regulate NFA aggregation remain elusive. Herein, the relationship between photovoltaic performance and NFA aggregation in the state-of-the-art PM6/L8-BO blend systems is investigated using 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO, liquid additive) and 1,4-diiodobenzene (DIB, solid additive) as representative additives. As a result, DIO is found to promote excessive L8-BO aggregation, leading to reduced photoluminescence quenching efficiency and charge mobility, which deteriorates photovoltaic performance. In contrast, DIB does not directly promote aggregation but acts as a plasticizer for PM6, lowering its glass transition temperature, and thereby enabling controlled L8-BO aggregation during thermal annealing. In-situ absorption spectroscopy during spin coating suggests that DIO facilitates liquid–liquid phase separation, whereas DIB regulates aggregation indirectly through polymer softening. These findings clarify the distinct roles of liquid and solid additives in morphology regulation, providing new insights for designing highly efficient OPVs via precise control of active layer aggregation.
{"title":"Impact of Additive-Induced Nonfullerene Acceptor Aggregation on Photovoltaic Performance in Organic Photovoltaics","authors":"Jihun Jeon, Momoko Urano, Shusuke Bando, Hiroki Ogawa, Hideo Ohkita, Hyung Do Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111775","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), particularly Y6 derivatives, has propelled organic photovoltaics (OPVs) to power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 20%. However, these highly efficient NFAs exhibit strong aggregation in the solid state, often leading to suboptimal morphology and restricted charge transport. To address this issue, liquid or solid additives are commonly introduced during film fabrication; however, the mechanisms by which different additives regulate NFA aggregation remain elusive. Herein, the relationship between photovoltaic performance and NFA aggregation in the state-of-the-art PM6/L8-BO blend systems is investigated using 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO, liquid additive) and 1,4-diiodobenzene (DIB, solid additive) as representative additives. As a result, DIO is found to promote excessive L8-BO aggregation, leading to reduced photoluminescence quenching efficiency and charge mobility, which deteriorates photovoltaic performance. In contrast, DIB does not directly promote aggregation but acts as a plasticizer for PM6, lowering its glass transition temperature, and thereby enabling controlled L8-BO aggregation during thermal annealing. In-situ absorption spectroscopy during spin coating suggests that DIO facilitates liquid–liquid phase separation, whereas DIB regulates aggregation indirectly through polymer softening. These findings clarify the distinct roles of liquid and solid additives in morphology regulation, providing new insights for designing highly efficient OPVs via precise control of active layer aggregation.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lithium thioantimonate argyrodite solid electrolytes, Li6+xMxSb1–xS5I (M=Si, Ge), are promising candidates for all-solid-state batteries due to their exceptional ionic conductivity. However, limited mechanistic understanding hinders the rational design of these materials. In this study, we systematically investigate the underlying Li-ion conduction mechanisms and propose a cation-disorder-driven design strategy using machine-learned interatomic potentials (MLIPs). While inter-cage migration via the Wyckoff 16e (T4) site remains significant, enhanced inter-cage migration through Wyckoff 48 h (T2) sites induced by Si and Ge dopants emerges as a critical factor for achieving high ionic conductivity. Additionally, Si and Ge exhibit distinct inductive effects: Si requires higher substitution to activate T2 pathways, while Ge achieves optimal conductivity at lower levels. Co-substitution of Si and Ge further increases cation disorder, yielding ionic conductivity up to ~50 mS/cm. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of MLIPs in elucidating conduction mechanisms and facilitating the rational design of advanced argyrodite electrolytes.
硫代锑酸锂银晶固体电解质Li6+ xMxSb1-xS5I （M=Si, Ge）由于其优异的离子导电性，是全固态电池的有希望的候选者。然而，有限的机械理解阻碍了这些材料的合理设计。在这项研究中，我们系统地研究了潜在的锂离子传导机制，并提出了一种利用机器学习原子间电位（MLIPs）的阳离子无序驱动设计策略。虽然通过Wyckoff 16e （T4）位点的笼间迁移仍然很明显，但Si和Ge掺杂剂诱导的通过Wyckoff 48h （T2）位点的笼间迁移增强是实现高离子电导率的关键因素。此外，Si和Ge表现出不同的诱导效应：Si需要更高的取代来激活T2通路，而Ge在较低水平下获得最佳导电性。Si和Ge的共取代进一步增加了阳离子的无序性，离子电导率高达~50 mS/cm。该研究证明了MLIPs在阐明导电机制和促进先进银晶电解质合理设计方面的有效性。
{"title":"Design Principles for Cation-Disordered Superionic Thioantimonate Argyrodite Solid Electrolytes","authors":"Kanguk Park, Myeongcho Jang, Eunji Kwon, Yongheum Lee, Hun-Gi Jung, Kyung Yoon Chung, Seung-Ho Yu, Seungho Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111777","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium thioantimonate argyrodite solid electrolytes, Li<sub>6+x</sub>M<sub>x</sub>Sb<sub>1–x</sub>S<sub>5</sub>I (M=Si, Ge), are promising candidates for all-solid-state batteries due to their exceptional ionic conductivity. However, limited mechanistic understanding hinders the rational design of these materials. In this study, we systematically investigate the underlying Li-ion conduction mechanisms and propose a cation-disorder-driven design strategy using machine-learned interatomic potentials (MLIPs). While inter-cage migration via the Wyckoff 16e (T4) site remains significant, enhanced inter-cage migration through Wyckoff 48<!-- --> <!-- -->h (T2) sites induced by Si and Ge dopants emerges as a critical factor for achieving high ionic conductivity. Additionally, Si and Ge exhibit distinct inductive effects: Si requires higher substitution to activate T2 pathways, while Ge achieves optimal conductivity at lower levels. Co-substitution of Si and Ge further increases cation disorder, yielding ionic conductivity up to ~50 mS/cm. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of MLIPs in elucidating conduction mechanisms and facilitating the rational design of advanced argyrodite electrolytes.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The presence of silver ions (Ag+) in industrial wastewater not only leads to the waste of resources but also poses significant environmental risks. Traditional adsorbent materials generally face technical limitations in complex wastewater systems, such as poor selectivity and instability under acidic conditions. Tunnel-structured MnO2 (OMS-2) nanomaterial has been known as a versatile adsorbent to various ionic species due to its high surface area; however, its internal sub-nanosized tunnel space with a theoretical potential for ion accommodation, exhibits sluggish adsorption kinetics due to the high energy barrier associated with demanded structural distortion upon ion intercalation. In this study, we report a strategy of K+ pre-intercalation into OMS-2 tunnels, which leverages the ionic similarity between K+ and Ag+, i.e. similar physical size and monovalent charge, to suppress structural distortion and facilitate Ag+–K+ ion exchange within the internal tunnels. As such, we not only extend OMS-2’s adsorption sites from its surface to internal tunnels with high efficiency and high selectivity, but also transform adsorbed Ag+ into efficient atomic catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions confined within the tunnel micropores. Consequently, a technological bridge from wastewater purification to energy conversion is established, demonstrating the bi-functionality future of the as-proposed strategy and material of interest.
{"title":"K+ pre-intercalated octahedral molecular sieves enabling Ag+-specific adsorption and ORR electrocatalysis","authors":"Qing Tang, Xuemei Zeng, Yaqing Guo, Wenjun Song, Yun Li, Yiner Cai, Jie Xu, Yifei Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111778","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of silver ions (Ag<sup>+</sup>) in industrial wastewater not only leads to the waste of resources but also poses significant environmental risks. Traditional adsorbent materials generally face technical limitations in complex wastewater systems, such as poor selectivity and instability under acidic conditions. Tunnel-structured MnO<sub>2</sub> (OMS-2) nanomaterial has been known as a versatile adsorbent to various ionic species due to its high surface area; however, its internal sub-nanosized tunnel space with a theoretical potential for ion accommodation, exhibits sluggish adsorption kinetics due to the high energy barrier associated with demanded structural distortion upon ion intercalation. In this study, we report a strategy of K<sup>+</sup> pre-intercalation into OMS-2 tunnels, which leverages the ionic similarity between K<sup>+</sup> and Ag<sup>+</sup>, <em>i.e.</em> similar physical size and monovalent charge, to suppress structural distortion and facilitate Ag<sup>+</sup>–K<sup>+</sup> ion exchange within the internal tunnels. As such, we not only extend OMS-2’s adsorption sites from its surface to internal tunnels with high efficiency and high selectivity, but also transform adsorbed Ag<sup>+</sup> into efficient atomic catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions confined within the tunnel micropores. Consequently, a technological bridge from wastewater purification to energy conversion is established, demonstrating the bi-functionality future of the as-proposed strategy and material of interest.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111779
Robert Kuphal, Jingjing Liu, Li Yang, Nader Marendian Hagh, Umamaheswari Janakiraman, Chengcheng Fang
The development of high-energy lithium metal batteries (LMBs) requires cathode areal capacities exceeding 4 mAh cm-2, ultra-thin lithium (Li) foil (<50 μm), and over 500 cycles with 80% capacity retention to achieve commercially viable applications. While significant advances in electrolyte formulation, pressure control, and interfacial engineering have improved LMB performance, the interplay among cathode capacity loading, Li utilization, and cycle life remains underexplored in practical cell configurations. Here, we investigate the impact of cathode capacity loading on electrochemical reversibility, Li loss mechanisms, and cycle life using a 20 μm Li anode. Li||Cu half-cell analysis benchmarks Coulombic efficiency (CE) behavior across varied Li cycling capacities. We find that while higher cathode loadings (4 - 5 mAh cm-2) yield higher Li cycling CE, they also result in greater cumulative Li loss and faster degradation from solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and inactive Li. These cells require ≥99.8% CE to achieve 500 cycles with 80% of capacity retention, compared to ~99.6% for lower-capacity designs (2 mAh cm-2). Full cell studies with LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) reveal further deviations from Li-metal estimation, attributed to increased cathode polarization at higher loadings. A quantitative inverse linear relationship is established between cathode capacity loading and achievable cycle life. These findings highlight the importance of standardized testing conditions for evaluating improvement strategies and provide practical design guidance for integrating high-loading cathodes with ultra-thin Li anodes, advancing the realization of high-energy LMB systems.
高能锂金属电池（lmb）的发展需要阴极面积容量超过4 mAh cm-2，超薄锂（Li）箔（<50 μm），超过500次循环，80%的容量保留，以实现商业上可行的应用。虽然电解质配方、压力控制和界面工程方面的重大进展改善了LMB的性能，但在实际电池配置中，阴极容量负载、锂离子利用率和循环寿命之间的相互作用仍未得到充分探讨。在这里，我们研究了阴极容量负载对电化学可逆性、锂损失机制和循环寿命的影响，使用20 μm的锂阳极。Cu半电池分析基准库仑效率（CE）行为在不同的锂循环容量。我们发现，虽然更高的阴极负载（4 - 5 mAh cm-2）产生更高的锂循环CE，但它们也导致更大的累积锂损失和更快的固体电解质间相（SEI）形成和非活性锂的降解。这些电池需要≥99.8%的CE才能达到500次循环，并保持80%的容量，而低容量设计的CE为~99.6%（2 mAh cm-2）。用LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 （NMC811）进行的全电池研究进一步揭示了与锂金属估计的偏差，这归因于高负载下阴极极化的增加。在阴极容量负载与可实现循环寿命之间建立了定量的反比线性关系。这些发现强调了标准化测试条件对评估改进策略的重要性，并为将高负载阴极与超薄锂阳极集成在一起，推进高能LMB系统的实现提供了实用的设计指导。
{"title":"Quantifying capacity loading - cycle life relationship in lithium metal batteries","authors":"Robert Kuphal, Jingjing Liu, Li Yang, Nader Marendian Hagh, Umamaheswari Janakiraman, Chengcheng Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111779","url":null,"abstract":"The development of high-energy lithium metal batteries (LMBs) requires cathode areal capacities exceeding 4 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup>, ultra-thin lithium (Li) foil (<50 μm), and over 500 cycles with 80% capacity retention to achieve commercially viable applications. While significant advances in electrolyte formulation, pressure control, and interfacial engineering have improved LMB performance, the interplay among cathode capacity loading, Li utilization, and cycle life remains underexplored in practical cell configurations. Here, we investigate the impact of cathode capacity loading on electrochemical reversibility, Li loss mechanisms, and cycle life using a 20 μm Li anode. Li||Cu half-cell analysis benchmarks Coulombic efficiency (CE) behavior across varied Li cycling capacities. We find that while higher cathode loadings (4 - 5 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup>) yield higher Li cycling CE, they also result in greater cumulative Li loss and faster degradation from solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and inactive Li. These cells require ≥99.8% CE to achieve 500 cycles with 80% of capacity retention, compared to ~99.6% for lower-capacity designs (2 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup>). Full cell studies with LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NMC811) reveal further deviations from Li-metal estimation, attributed to increased cathode polarization at higher loadings. A quantitative inverse linear relationship is established between cathode capacity loading and achievable cycle life. These findings highlight the importance of standardized testing conditions for evaluating improvement strategies and provide practical design guidance for integrating high-loading cathodes with ultra-thin Li anodes, advancing the realization of high-energy LMB systems.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111771
Huimin Qi, Siyao Qin, Zhipeng Zhang, Zifei Meng, Long Zheng, Xucong Wang, Xiangcheng Chu, Fang Wang, Li Zheng, Xiangyu Chen
The self-polarization approach for fabricating poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based piezoelectric materials can avoid drawbacks of post-poling treatment, such as high energy consumption, electrical breakdown, and depolarization. In this work, a core–shell nanofiller with abundant surface hydroxyl groups is prepared as the dopant for sufficiently inducing local self-polarization for the 3D printed PVDF film. Hydrogen bonding between these groups and PVDF molecular chains promotes β-phase crystallization and enables local polarization anchoring. Furthermore, the shear field at the nozzle tip of 3D printer can be utilized for orienting the nanorod-induced self-polarization. Simultaneously, the induced shear and tensile stresses facilitate PVDF molecular chain extension and β-phase crystallization, achieving macroscopic self-polarization in the out-of-plane direction. Benefiting from this synergistic strategy, the composite film exhibits excellent long-term polarization stability and a high piezoelectric coefficient of 117.3 pC/N, which exceeds all the previously reported self-polarization PVDF films. This study offers an effective strategy for developing high-performance piezoelectric composites without polarization treatment. Owing to its high piezoelectric output performance, this PVDF film can be used for mechanical energy harvesting and motion signal sensing in various conditions.
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