Nano Energy最新文献_第10页

Extending film formation process via low-melting-point volatile solid additive enables efficient and stable binary organic solar cells 通过低熔点挥发性固体添加剂扩展成膜过程，实现高效稳定的二元有机太阳能电池

IF 17.1 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nano Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111694

Lei Wang , Dinglong Feng , Xinhui Lu , Bin Zhao , Jiali Song , Linglong Ye , Songting Tan

Fine-tuning the morphology of the active layer is of vital importance for developing high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs). However, morphological control faces inherent challenges due to confined molecular motion and stacking of donor/acceptor materials caused by rapid solvent evaporation during spin-coating.‌ Herein, we present a low-melting-point volatile solid additive, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene (TCl) for modulation of film formation dynamics in the PM6:L8-BO system. In the spin-coating process of the PM6:L8-BO:TCl solution, TCl maintains the liquid phase and sustains film wetness, thereby enabling itself to dissolve the donor and acceptor and enhance their intermolecular interactions. The extended film-formation duration facilitates the migration and self-assembly of PM6 and L8-BO, resulting in the robust fiber network structure. The morphological evolution improves carrier transport, exciton dissociation and charge collection in the devices. Consequently, the TCl-treated PM6:L8-BO devices achieve a power conversion efﬁciency of 19.80 % with superior batch-to-batch reproducibility, thermal stability, and photostability, outdistancing the devices without additives or with the solvent additive DIO. This study affords a simple but effective path for regulating active layer morphology and optimizing comprehensive device performance.

对活性层的形貌进行微调对于开发高性能有机太阳能电池至关重要。然而，由于自旋涂层过程中溶剂的快速蒸发导致的分子运动受限和供体/受体材料的堆积，形态学控制面临着固有的挑战。在此，我们提出了一种低熔点挥发性固体添加剂1,2,3-三氯苯（TCl），用于调制PM6:L8-BO体系中的薄膜形成动力学。在PM6:L8-BO:TCl溶液的自旋涂覆过程中，TCl保持了液相状态，维持了膜的湿度，从而使其能够溶解给体和受体，增强它们的分子间相互作用。延长成膜时间有利于PM6和L8-BO的迁移和自组装，从而形成坚固的光纤网络结构。这种形态进化改善了器件中的载流子输运、激子解离和电荷收集。因此，tcl处理的PM6:L8-BO器件的功率转换效率为19.80 %，具有优异的批间再现性、热稳定性和光稳定性，超过了无添加剂或溶剂添加剂DIO的器件。本研究为调控有源层形态和优化器件综合性能提供了一条简单而有效的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Empowering ultrahigh solar reflectivity in glass-ceramics through m-ZrO2 nanotwins for efficient building radiative cooling 通过m-ZrO2纳米孪晶增强玻璃陶瓷的超高太阳反射率，用于高效建筑辐射冷却

IF 17.1 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nano Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111700

Jieyan Zhao , Wenjie Luo , Xuanlin Pan , Qing Meng , Huakang Zhang , Jing Xia , Xiangling Ren , Lei Kang , Qian Wan , Ning Qin , Jiangtao Li

Porous ceramic based radiative cooling materials offers an energy-efficient solution for buildings cooling. Yet inter-connected micropores in those materials not only weaken their mechanical strength and resistance to pollutant penetration, but also inhibit the compatibility with structural colors. Herein, ultra-high reflective SiO₂-ZrO₂ glass-ceramics are prepared by introducing lamellar m-ZrO₂ nanotwins into SiO₂ matrix. m-ZrO₂ nanotwins are proven effective in enhancing the reflection of sunlight, which provides an alternative to the Mie scattering of pores. The glass-ceramics exhibit a solar reflectivity of 0.98 at a low porosity of 17.62 %, while maintaining excellent mechanical properties. Based on self-assembly and an annealing process, long-range ordered SiO₂ microspheres arrays are deposited to the surface of the glass-ceramics, yielding structural colors and elevated reflectivity up to 0.99. The green structural colored glass-ceramics with highest reflectivity achieve 3.97 ℃ daytime cooling performance under solar irradiation of 672 W m⁻². When used as the envelope of a typical four-story midrise apartment building, such glass-ceramics demonstrate cooling energy saving by at least 15 % and the highest annual electricity cost saving of 44,136 CNY (6199 USD) across 32 representative cities in China. The developed SiO₂-ZrO₂ glass-ceramics hold tremendous potential for use in advanced radiative cooling, particularly of buildings.

多孔陶瓷基辐射冷却材料为建筑降温提供了一种节能的解决方案。然而，这些材料中相互连接的微孔不仅削弱了材料的机械强度和抗污染物渗透能力，而且抑制了材料与结构颜色的相容性。本文通过在SiO2基体中引入层状m-ZrO2纳米孪晶制备了超高反射率的SiO2- zro2微晶玻璃。m-ZrO2纳米孪晶在增强太阳光反射方面被证明是有效的，这为孔隙的Mie散射提供了一种替代方案。该微晶玻璃的太阳反射率为0.98，孔隙率为17.62%，同时保持了优异的力学性能。基于自组装和退火工艺，在微晶玻璃表面沉积了长程有序的SiO2微球阵列，产生了结构色，反射率高达0.99。在672 W m-2的太阳辐照下，反射率最高的绿色结构彩色玻璃陶瓷的日间制冷性能为3.97℃。当使用这种玻璃陶瓷作为典型的四层中层公寓楼的围护结构时，在中国32个有代表性的城市中，这种玻璃陶瓷至少节省了15%的冷却能源，每年节省的电费最高为44136元人民币（6199美元）。开发的SiO2-ZrO2微晶玻璃在先进的辐射冷却，特别是建筑物的应用方面具有巨大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Dual-ion trap engineering enables double perovskite X-ray-exclusive persistent luminescence 双离子阱工程实现双钙钛矿x射线专属持续发光

IF 17.1 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nano Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111695

Yi'ni An , Guichu Yue , Yeqi Liu , Zi'an Zhou , Tiao Feng , Lulu Li , Lichan Mai , Lei Kang , Shuyun Zhou , Jinxiao Zheng , Yuhai Zhang , Chenghua Sun

Conventional X-ray imaging systems using rigid real-time readout devices face challenges in capturing clear images on curved or non-planar surfaces. Here, we present a flexible double perovskite scintillation screen comprised of Cs₂NaYCl₆:Dy³⁺ , Ag⁺, exhibiting persistent luminescence (PersL) triggered exclusively by X-ray, enabling off-line imaging of non-planar object through long life excitation energy storage. Calculations and experiments reveal that Dy³⁺ and Ag⁺ co-doping constructs a synergistic electron-hole trap, which results in PersL beyond 12 h. Cs₂NaYCl₆:Dy³⁺, Ag⁺ shows radioluminescence and thermally stimulated luminescence intensities ∼8.75 and ∼15.40 times that of Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂ (BGO), with a detection limit as low as 73 nGy s⁻¹ and resolution up to 23 line pairs mm⁻¹. Preserved images can be thermally released and clearly visible, enabling high-resolution imaging on complex curved surfaces. This study demonstrates a flexible and flat-panel-free strategy for X-ray imaging with great potential in off-line portable diagnostics, non-destructive testing.

使用刚性实时读出设备的传统x射线成像系统在捕捉曲面或非平面上的清晰图像方面面临挑战。在这里，我们提出了由Cs2NaYCl6:Dy3+， Ag+组成的柔性双钙钛矿闪烁屏，表现出仅由x射线触发的持续发光（PersL），通过长寿命激发能量存储实现非平面物体的离线成像。计算和实验表明，Dy3+和Ag+共掺杂构建了一个协同电子空穴陷阱，导致PersL超过12 h。Cs2NaYCl6:Dy3+， Ag+表现出辐射发光和热激发发光强度分别是Bi4Ge3O12 （BGO）的8.75倍和15.40倍，检测限低至73 nGy s−1，分辨率高达23线对mm−1。保存的图像可以热释放并清晰可见，从而实现复杂曲面的高分辨率成像。这项研究展示了一种灵活的、无平板的x射线成像策略，在离线便携式诊断、无损检测方面具有巨大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A cell-membrane-mimetic hydrogel electrolyte for simultaneously suppressing dendrites and passivation in zinc-air batteries 一种同时抑制锌-空气电池树突和钝化的模拟细胞膜水凝胶电解质

IF 17.1 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nano Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111698

Siyao Zhang , Zengguang Ji , Zhihao Liu , Jialei Gao , Haojie Yang , Yan Jiang , Junbo Wang , Yuanna Sun , Qingshan Li

The development of flexible zinc-air batteries is severely hampered by the concurrent challenges of uncontrollable zinc dendrite growth and severe anode passivation. Inspired by the sophisticated ion regulation and environmental shielding functions of biological cell membranes, we engineer an amphiphilic hydrogel electrolyte (DHM) that mimics the phospholipid bilayer structure. The designed electrolyte features hydrophilic networks of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) for continuous ion transport, complemented by the zwitterionic component [2-(Methacryloyloxy) ethyl] dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide (DMAPS) serving as biomimetic ion-transport pathways with high Zn^2 + affinity and selectivity. Furthermore, the strategic incorporation of hydrophobic methyl methacrylate (MMA) moieties creates a water-deficient interface at the zinc surface, which is critical for suppressing water-induced side reactions. The optimized electrolyte (DHM) demonstrates an exceptional ionic conductivity of 313 mS·cm⁻¹ and an elevated the transport number of zinc species of 0.71, enabling simultaneously suppression of zinc dendrite growth and passivation formation. Experimental evidence from structural and electrochemical characterization demonstrates remarkably uniform zinc deposition with effective prevention of zinc oxide (ZnO) generation. Accordingly, symmetric cells maintain stability for over 3000 min while full zinc-air batteries deliver a remarkable cycling life of 71 h at 2 mA·cm⁻², significantly outperforming the control cells. Multi-scale simulations reveal that this dual protection stems from DMAPS-mediated reorganization of Zn²⁺ solvation shells and hydrophobic domain-restricted water mobility. This work establishes a biomimetic design principle for synchronously addressing interfacial challenges in zinc-based batteries.

锌枝晶生长不可控和阳极钝化严重，严重阻碍了柔性锌空气电池的发展。受生物细胞膜复杂的离子调节和环境屏蔽功能的启发，我们设计了一种模拟磷脂双层结构的两亲性水凝胶电解质（DHM）。所设计的电解质具有甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）的亲水网络，用于连续离子传输，辅以两性离子组分[2-（甲基丙烯氧基）乙基]二甲基-（3-磺丙基）氢氧化铵（DMAPS），作为具有高Zn2+亲和力和选择性的仿生离子传输途径。此外，疏水性甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）基团的战略性结合在锌表面形成了一个缺水界面，这对于抑制水诱导的副反应至关重要。优化后的电解质（DHM）具有优异的离子电导率（313 mS·cm-1），提高了锌的转运数（0.71），同时抑制了锌枝晶的生长和钝化形成。结构和电化学表征的实验证据表明，锌沉积非常均匀，有效地防止了氧化锌（ZnO）的生成。因此，对称电池可保持3000分钟以上的稳定性，而全锌空气电池在2 mA·cm-2下可提供71小时的显着循环寿命，显著优于对照电池。多尺度模拟表明，这种双重保护源于dmaps介导的Zn2+溶剂化壳的重组和疏水畴限制的水迁移率。这项工作为同步解决锌基电池的界面挑战建立了仿生设计原则。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced radiative cooling with dual efficiency stacking for sensitive weather issues 增强辐射冷却与双效率堆叠敏感天气问题

IF 17.1 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nano Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111699

Yunfei Bai , Rui Tian , Qi Liang , Ruocan Shen , Miao Zhang , Haojie Song

Radiative cooling (RC) offers a sustainable strategy for reducing energy consumption, yet its practical employment remains hindered by weather diversity. In particular, moisture-induced radiation suppression, stemming from the strong absorption of mid-infrared photons by interfacial water, severely compromises cooling performance under humid conditions. Herein, we report a novel stratified bilayer architecture that integrates RC with an evaporative cooling (EC) through the physical isolation of a hygroscopic hydrogel beneath a radiative PTFE/PET surface. This cooler harmonizes advanced radiative cooling with evaporative cooling performance. The hydrophobic PTFE/PET interface enables efficient vapor escape while maintaining unobstructed infrared emission, thereby fundamentally mitigating water-induced suppression. Benefitting from this design, the cooler achieves a high solar reflectivity of 0.95, an emissivity of 0.97 and water absorption of 2.5 g g⁻¹ with a thermal mass release of 31 %. The synergistic contribution of the porous framework and hygroscopic adsorbent further delivers a water absorption and cooling capacity of 50 kg m⁻³. Compared with conventional RC devices, the bilayer cooler exhibits stable and long-lasting cooling, maintaining temperatures up to 5 °C lower than RC counterparts over continuous three-day testing. This work provides a reliable and scalable cooling strategy that effectively couples radiative and evaporative pathways while offering environmentally benign features, highlighting its promise for scalable, environmentally benign cooling technologies.

辐射冷却（RC）为减少能源消耗提供了一种可持续的策略，但其实际应用仍然受到天气多样性的阻碍。特别是，由界面水对中红外光子的强吸收引起的湿度诱导辐射抑制，严重影响了潮湿条件下的冷却性能。在此，我们报告了一种新的分层双层结构，通过在辐射PTFE/PET表面下的吸湿水凝胶的物理隔离，将RC与蒸发冷却（EC）集成在一起。这种冷却器协调了先进的辐射冷却与蒸发冷却性能。疏水性聚四氟乙烯/PET界面能够有效地蒸汽逸出，同时保持不受阻碍的红外发射，从而从根本上减轻水诱导的抑制。得益于这种设计，冷却器的太阳反射率为0.95，发射率为0.97，吸水性为2.5 g g−1，热质量释放为31 %。多孔框架和吸湿吸附剂的协同作用进一步提供了50 kg m−3的吸水和冷却能力。与传统的RC设备相比，双层冷却器表现出稳定和持久的冷却，在连续三天的测试中，温度比RC设备低5°C。这项工作提供了一种可靠且可扩展的冷却策略，该策略有效地将辐射和蒸发途径结合起来，同时提供环保功能，突出了其可扩展，环保的冷却技术的前景。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-dimensional regulation toward FAPbI3 crystal growth layer and passivation defects for efficient perovskite solar cells 高效钙钛矿太阳能电池中FAPbI3晶体生长层和钝化缺陷的多维调控

IF 17.1 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nano Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111693

Shiyu Jiang , Zijing Chen , Xiangjin Du , Chunjie Huang , Rui Zhang , Chengyu Tan , Yuqi Cui , Xinru Qin , Hongkun Wei , Jiangjian Shi , Huijue Wu , Yanhong Luo , Yiming Li , Dongmei Li , Qingbo Meng

Targeting at high quality FAPbI₃ films and efficient FAPbI₃ perovskite solar cells, simultaneously regulating perovskite crystal growth and passivating defects from the bulk and interfaces are particularly important. In this respect, we designed two imidazolium-based additives (ImXBr-BF₄, X = 8, 12) with different bromoalkyl chain length for n-i-p typed PSCs. Based on experimental and theoretical calculation, Im8Br-BF₄ with its optimal chain length enables the formation of ordered layered 2D perovskite. Further investigation revealed that, to the Im8Br-BF₄ treated PSCs, as-formed 2D perovskite ((Im8Br)₂PbI₄) mainly at grain boundaries, can well passivate lead-related defects, in the meantime, the Br^- from bromoalkyl group also passivated iodide vacancies in the bulk. Besides, the BF₄^- anions were contributed to partial interfacial passivation toward the buried interface. Consequently, devices with Im8Br-BF₄ presented the 26.2 % PCE (0.076 cm²), outperforming those devices with Im12Br-BF₄. And the devices also exhibited exceptional humidity stability, retaining > 90 % of its initial efficiency after 1000 h at 60 °C/60 %RH without encapsulation. Our multi-dimensional passivation strategy provided a simple and feasible way to enhance the device performance of PSCs.

针对高质量的FAPbI3薄膜和高效的FAPbI3钙钛矿太阳能电池，同时调节钙钛矿晶体生长和从体和界面钝化缺陷尤为重要。为此，我们设计了两种不同溴烷基链长的咪唑类添加剂（ImXBr-BF4， X= 8,12）用于n-i-p型psc。实验和理论计算表明，具有最佳链长的Im8Br-BF4能够形成有序层状的二维钙钛矿。进一步研究发现，对经Im8Br- bf4处理的PSCs，主要在晶界处形成二维钙钛矿（(Im8Br)2PbI4），可以很好地钝化铅相关缺陷，同时，来自溴烷基的Br-也钝化了大块中的碘化物空位。此外，BF4-阴离子对埋藏界面有部分钝化作用。因此，含有Im8Br-BF4的器件的PCE为26.2% (0.076 cm2)，优于含有Im12Br-BF4的器件。该器件还表现出优异的湿度稳定性，在60°C/60%RH的条件下，在1000小时后保持90%的初始效率。我们的多维钝化策略为提高psc器件性能提供了一种简单可行的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Modulating interfacial shear of nanoconfined hydration layer via surface charging 通过表面电荷调节纳米约束水化层的界面剪切

IF 17.1 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nano Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111692

Yutong Li , Tianyi Han , Mingbo Zhao , Jie Han , Ruiqi Zhao , Zhi Xu , Wei Cao , Ming Ma , Chenhui Zhang , Jianbin Luo

Hydration lubrication provides a significant paradigm for reducing friction at rubbing interfaces, with widespread relevance in engineering and human health. Although the frictional energy dissipation behind hydration lubrication is largely attributed to the shear between hydration layers, the influence of ionic distribution within the confined hydration layer remains unclear. Here, we show that ionic distribution critically modulates the frictional behavior through controlling the shear plane. By systematically tuning the surface charging of sliding interfaces, continuous control was achieved over the friction coefficient—from a superlubricity state under negative charging to a high-friction state under positive charging. Surface characterization and numerical analyses confirm that the contact zone is flattened and the hydration layer remains nanometers thick during sliding, with the tuning process governed by physical interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that surface charging modulates the spatial distribution of hydrated ions in the confined hydration layer, leading to asymmetric ion compositions across the shear plane. This asymmetry reshapes the energy barrier encountered during sliding, thereby altering the friction behavior significantly. Our results further elucidate the energy dissipation mechanism of electrotunable hydration lubrication and establish a theoretical framework for understanding the macroscopic modulation of interfacial friction.

水化润滑为减少摩擦界面的摩擦提供了重要的范例，在工程和人类健康方面具有广泛的相关性。虽然水化润滑后的摩擦能耗散很大程度上归因于水化层之间的剪切作用，但封闭水化层内离子分布的影响尚不清楚。在这里，我们表明离子分布通过控制剪切面来严格调节摩擦行为。通过系统地调整滑动界面的表面电荷，实现了对摩擦系数的连续控制——从负电荷下的超润滑状态到正电荷下的高摩擦状态。表面表征和数值分析证实，在滑动过程中，接触区变平，水化层保持纳米厚，调节过程由物理相互作用控制。分子动力学模拟表明，表面电荷调节了封闭水合层中水合离子的空间分布，导致剪切平面上的离子组成不对称。这种不对称性重塑了滑动过程中遇到的能量势垒，从而显著改变了摩擦行为。我们的研究结果进一步阐明了电可调水化润滑的能量耗散机制，并为理解界面摩擦的宏观调节建立了理论框架。

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引用次数: 0

Bridging energy harvesting and high-performance electroluminescence in large-area single cation FAPbI3 perovskite devices through Rb⁺/K⁺ dual cation doping 通过Rb + /K +双阳离子掺杂在大面积单阳离子FAPbI3钙钛矿器件中架桥能量收集和高性能电致发光

IF 17.1 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nano Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111683

Neetesh Kumar , Rishabh Sahani , Cheng-Yu Lai , Daniela R. Radu

Integrating formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI₃) as both high-efficiency solar absorber and light emitter is limited by structural instabilities and phase incompatibilities. We report a co-doping strategy using rubidium and potassium chlorides (RbCl and KCl) to stabilize the perovskite structure, facilitating α-phase FAPbI₃ films formation, with reduced defects and enhanced electroluminescence. Dual-cation chloride doping promotes controlled crystallization, yielding structurally resilient films with smaller nanocrystal domains and suppressed trap states. Along with integration of a roll-to-roll processed SnO₂ electron transport layer, this enables spatial carrier confinement, interfacial stability, and improved radiative recombination, resulting in superior electroluminescent performance while preserving photovoltaic efficiency. The fabricated solar-light-emitting-diodes (SOLEDs) achieve a 22.02 % power conversion efficiency (PCE) and 10.85 % electroluminescence maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE_EL) at 818 nm in devices with active area of 0.12 cm², and 20.43 % PCE in 1.1 cm² devices, underscoring a practical pathway toward integrated energy harvesting and light emission within a single perovskite material system.

作为高效太阳能吸收体和光发射体的甲醛鎓化物碘化铅（FAPbI3）由于其结构不稳定性和相不兼容性而受到限制。我们报道了使用铷和氯化钾（RbCl和KCl）共掺杂策略来稳定钙钛矿结构，促进α-相FAPbI3薄膜的形成，减少缺陷并增强电致发光。双阳离子氯离子掺杂促进控制结晶，产生具有更小纳米晶域和抑制陷阱态的结构弹性薄膜。随着卷对卷加工的SnO2电子传输层的集成，这实现了空间载流子限制，界面稳定性和改进的辐射重组，从而在保持光伏效率的同时产生卓越的电致发光性能。所制备的太阳能发光二极管（SOLEDs）在818 nm处，在有效面积为0.12 cm2的器件中实现了22.02 %的功率转换效率（PCE）和10.85 %的电致发光最大外量子效率（EQEEL），在1.1 cm2的器件中实现了20.43 %的PCE，强调了在单一钙钛矿材料体系中实现能量收集和光发射集成的实用途径。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-degree-of-freedom, semi-flexible, embedded biomimetic tail fin sensor based on triboelectric nanogenerator for proprioception of underwater bionic robotic fish 基于摩擦电纳米发电机的多自由度半柔性嵌入式仿生尾鳍传感器用于水下仿生机器鱼本体感受

IF 17.1 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nano Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111689

Jianhua Liu , Zhaochen Meng , Kecheng Zhang , Ziyue Xi , Yuanzheng Li , Zhaoyang Mu , Hongyu Wang , Yuxin Cui , Siyuan Wang , Peng Xu , Hao Wang , Minyi Xu

The increasing use of bionic robotic fish (BRF) in marine environments necessitates proprioception. This study introduces a biomimetic tail fin sensor (BTFS) that tries to replicate the structural characteristics of a fish’s tail fin and skeletal framework. The resulting semi-flexible feature not only prevents excessive bending of the tail fin during oscillation but also allows it to withstand the impacts of complex flow fields on the sensor. The embedded sensing unit design concept reduces the interference of the attached patch on the original fluid field properties and motion functionality. The BTFS could detect the tail’s swing (±20.25°), roll (±37.5°), and coupled motions, achieving a swing angle resolution of 6.75°. By integrating multiple sensing units, it effectively identifies the direction and velocity of disturbance sources in three-dimensional flow fields. Furthermore, the BTFS enables the BRF to perceive its own motion state, with an accuracy rate of over 92.2 % for detecting swing angles. The BTFS also assists the BRF in autonomously correcting its course in the face of external flow disturbances and demonstrates excellent responsiveness to environmental stimuli. Overall, the BTFS substantially strengthens the proprioceptive sensing capability of the BRF and expands their potential applications in underwater environments.

仿生机器鱼（BRF）在海洋环境中越来越多的使用需要本体感觉。本研究介绍了一种仿生尾鳍传感器（BTFS），它试图复制鱼的尾鳍和骨骼框架的结构特征。由此产生的半柔性特性不仅可以防止尾鳍在振荡期间过度弯曲，而且可以承受复杂流场对传感器的影响。嵌入式传感单元的设计理念减少了附加贴片对原有流场特性和运动功能的干扰。BTFS可以检测到机尾的摆动（±20.25°）、翻滚（±37.5°）和耦合运动，实现了6.75°的摆动角分辨率。通过集成多个传感单元，有效识别三维流场中干扰源的方向和速度。此外，BTFS使BRF能够感知自身的运动状态，检测摆动角度的准确率超过92.2 %。BTFS还帮助BRF在面对外部流量干扰时自主纠正其航向，并对环境刺激表现出出色的响应能力。总的来说，BTFS大大增强了BRF的本体感觉传感能力，扩展了其在水下环境中的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Structurally and electronically coupled Bi/Bi3Ni–carbon dot catalyst for efficient and long-lived CO2 electroreduction to formate 结构和电子耦合的Bi/ bi3ni碳点催化剂用于高效和长寿命的CO2电还原甲酸盐

IF 17.1 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nano Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111690

Sung Yeol Choi , Yiming Liu , Chaeheon Woo , Yejung Choi , Won Jun Kang , Geunhee Yuk , Hyeon-Seok Bang , Jiho Jeon , Geon Choi , Jung Kyu Kim , Hyun You Kim , Dong Ki Lee , Hyesung Park , Jae-Young Choi , Hyung-Suk Oh , Jeong Min Baik

The development of efficient and durable electrocatalysts for CO₂ electroreduction remains a critical challenge to sustainable fuel generation. Herein, we report a structurally and electronically engineered Bi–based catalyst comprising a Bi/Bi₃Ni heterostructure embedded with nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N − CDs), synthesized via a chelation-assisted porous nanostructuring method. The incorporation of Ni enhances electronic conductivity and suppresses Bi oxidation, while the N − CDs modulate the local Fermi level and p-orbital electron density, stabilizing OCHO* intermediates and improving CO₂ activation. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy and in-situ Raman analyses reveal that BiNi–N-CDs undergo Bi^3 + →Bi⁰ reduction and form bidentate formate intermediates, while Ni alloying and N-CDs synergistically lower the OCO → OCHO hydrogenation barrier, enabling efficient formate production at mild potentials, supported by density functional theory calculations. The optimized BiNi (10 %)–0.6 mL N − CDs catalyst achieves a maximum formate Faradaic efficiency of 96 % at −0.9 V vs. RHE, while exhibiting outstanding operational stability over 100 h, with minimal performance loss. This work demonstrates a synergistic strategy that combines alloy engineering, electronic modulation, and interfacial design to realize highly selective and long-lived CO₂ reduction catalysts.

开发高效、耐用的二氧化碳电还原电催化剂仍然是可持续燃料生产的关键挑战。在此，我们报告了一种结构和电子工程的铋基催化剂，该催化剂由嵌入氮掺杂碳点（N − CDs）的Bi/Bi3Ni异质结构组成，通过螯合辅助多孔纳米结构方法合成。Ni的加入提高了电子导电性，抑制了Bi氧化，而N − CDs调节了局部费米能级和p轨道电子密度，稳定了OCHO*中间体，提高了CO2活化。Operando x射线吸收光谱和原位拉曼分析表明，bni - N-CDs经过Bi3 +→Bi0还原形成双齿甲酸中间体，而Ni合金和N-CDs协同降低了OCO→OCHO氢化势垒，实现了在温和电位下有效的甲酸生成，这得到了密度泛函数理论计算的支持。优化后的BiNi(10 %)-0.6 mL N − CDs催化剂在- 0.9 V与RHE条件下的甲酸法拉第效率最高可达96 %，同时在100 h内表现出出色的操作稳定性，性能损失最小。这项工作展示了一种结合合金工程、电子调制和界面设计的协同策略，以实现高选择性和长寿命的二氧化碳还原催化剂。

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