Pub Date : 2025-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110667
Wenqiu Liu, Meng Chen, Xiping Jiang, Wei Chen, Seng Zen, Ziyi Ren, Hengyu Guo, Hua Yu
As artificial intelligence technologies progress, Human-Machine Interactions (HMI) must evolve rapidly, necessitating reliable and continuous authentication solutions. We propose dynamic keystroke pattern recognition technology based on a piezoelectric-triboelectric coupling sensor array to address these challenges, enhancing the keystroke signal characteristics. Dual verification technology combining password and biometric authentication effectively enhances the security level of the Human-Machine Interactions system. The triboelectric sensor efficiently reduces the output channels of a 3 × 3 sensing array to a single channel using a mesh topology electrode design. Each of the nine triboelectric sensor units corresponds to nine numeric key, allowing users to input different key combinations that generate unique cryptographic waveforms distinguished by individual keystroke characteristics. A piezoelectric-triboelectric coupling sensor array, structured with multiple layers, is devised. By incorporating a piezoelectric sensor in the upper layer, we harness the complementary effects of piezoelectric and triboelectric properties to boost authentication accuracy and alleviate the limitations of single sensing modalities. Notably, crosstalk is eliminated through the specialized sensor array and the topological electrode design. Integrating the piezoelectric-triboelectric coupling sensor array with a 1D CNN neural network approach achieves password recognition accuracy surpassing 99%, effectively mitigating the risk of password leakage in systems facilitating human-computer interactions.
{"title":"Dynamic keystroke-password recognition based on piezoelectric-triboelectric coupling sensor array with crosstalk-free for authentication system","authors":"Wenqiu Liu, Meng Chen, Xiping Jiang, Wei Chen, Seng Zen, Ziyi Ren, Hengyu Guo, Hua Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110667","url":null,"abstract":"As artificial intelligence technologies progress, Human-Machine Interactions (HMI) must evolve rapidly, necessitating reliable and continuous authentication solutions. We propose dynamic keystroke pattern recognition technology based on a piezoelectric-triboelectric coupling sensor array to address these challenges, enhancing the keystroke signal characteristics. Dual verification technology combining password and biometric authentication effectively enhances the security level of the Human-Machine Interactions system. The triboelectric sensor efficiently reduces the output channels of a 3 × 3 sensing array to a single channel using a mesh topology electrode design. Each of the nine triboelectric sensor units corresponds to nine numeric key, allowing users to input different key combinations that generate unique cryptographic waveforms distinguished by individual keystroke characteristics. A piezoelectric-triboelectric coupling sensor array, structured with multiple layers, is devised. By incorporating a piezoelectric sensor in the upper layer, we harness the complementary effects of piezoelectric and triboelectric properties to boost authentication accuracy and alleviate the limitations of single sensing modalities. Notably, crosstalk is eliminated through the specialized sensor array and the topological electrode design. Integrating the piezoelectric-triboelectric coupling sensor array with a 1D CNN neural network approach achieves password recognition accuracy surpassing 99%, effectively mitigating the risk of password leakage in systems facilitating human-computer interactions.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110673
Peng Bai, Jiafa Chen, Yicheng Zhao, Yongdan Li
CO2 formylation of amines provides a promising route to convert CO2 into value-added chemicals. That process is usually performed through a thermo-catalytic approach with additional reducing agents, which increases the energy consumption and the complexity of the system. Herein, we report photocatalytic CO2 formylation of benzylamine over Pt1In-ZnOx single-atom-alloy catalyst at room temperature in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. The anchoring of Pt single atoms onto In nanoparticles through Pt-In bonds accompanied with electron transfer from In to Pt improves the absorption capacity for visible light and the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers. Furthermore, the adsorption and activation of CO2 and benzylamine are promoted on the surface of Pt1In single-atom-alloy. After 6 h reaction under visible-light, the yield of N-benzylformamide reaches 48.6 mmol g-1 with a 95.3% selectivity. A possible reaction mechanism is proposed based on a series of in situ characterizations and theoretical calculations. A decomposition-regeneration cycle of DMF is involved in the photocatalytic process, which extends the reaction region and thus facilitates the formylation of benzylamine. The photocatalytic system exhibits good cycling stability and universality. This work provides new insights for the rational design of single-atom-alloy catalyst and an efficient approach for the sustainable utilization of CO2.
二氧化碳甲酰化为将二氧化碳转化为增值化学品提供了一条有前途的途径。该过程通常通过热催化方法和附加还原剂进行，这增加了能耗和系统的复杂性。在此，我们报道了在N，N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）溶剂中，在室温下，Pt1In-ZnOx单原子合金催化剂上光催化CO2甲酰化苄胺。通过Pt-In键将Pt单原子锚定在In纳米粒子上，并伴有电子从In到Pt的转移，提高了对可见光的吸收能力和光生载流子的分离效率。此外，还促进了二氧化碳和苄胺在Pt1In单原子合金表面的吸附和活化。在可见光下反应6 h， n -苄基甲酰胺的收率达到48.6 mmol g-1，选择性为95.3%。通过一系列的原位表征和理论计算，提出了一种可能的反应机理。DMF的分解-再生循环参与光催化过程，扩大了反应区域，从而促进了苄胺的甲酰化。该光催化体系具有良好的循环稳定性和通用性。本研究为单原子合金催化剂的合理设计提供了新的思路，为二氧化碳的可持续利用提供了有效途径。
{"title":"Pt1In Single Atom Alloy for Visible-Light-Driven CO2 Formylation of Benzylamine","authors":"Peng Bai, Jiafa Chen, Yicheng Zhao, Yongdan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110673","url":null,"abstract":"CO<sub>2</sub> formylation of amines provides a promising route to convert CO<sub>2</sub> into value-added chemicals. That process is usually performed through a thermo-catalytic approach with additional reducing agents, which increases the energy consumption and the complexity of the system. Herein, we report photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> formylation of benzylamine over Pt<sub>1</sub>In-ZnO<sub>x</sub> single-atom-alloy catalyst at room temperature in <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. The anchoring of Pt single atoms onto In nanoparticles through Pt-In bonds accompanied with electron transfer from In to Pt improves the absorption capacity for visible light and the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers. Furthermore, the adsorption and activation of CO<sub>2</sub> and benzylamine are promoted on the surface of Pt<sub>1</sub>In single-atom-alloy. After 6<!-- --> <!-- -->h reaction under visible-light, the yield of <em>N</em>-benzylformamide reaches 48.6<!-- --> <!-- -->mmol<!-- --> <!-- -->g<sup>-1</sup> with a 95.3% selectivity. A possible reaction mechanism is proposed based on a series of in situ characterizations and theoretical calculations. A decomposition-regeneration cycle of DMF is involved in the photocatalytic process, which extends the reaction region and thus facilitates the formylation of benzylamine. The photocatalytic system exhibits good cycling stability and universality. This work provides new insights for the rational design of single-atom-alloy catalyst and an efficient approach for the sustainable utilization of CO<sub>2</sub>.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Voltage loss induced by surface defects at the interfaces of perovskite is one of the key factors limiting further efficiency improvements in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Tailoring the uncoordinated bonds at perovskite surfaces can effectively suppress defects thereby enhancing charge transport and overall device performance of PSCs. In this study, L-tryptophan methyl ester hydrochloride (L-TMeCl) is employed to passivate the top interface of the perovskite. The protonated primary amine (R1NH3+) and the carboxylate ester (R2COOCH3) groups of L-TMeCl function as electron pair acceptors and donors, respectively, facilitating interactions with the negative and positive dangling bonds of the perovskites. As a result, the L-TMeCl-treated perovskite films exhibit enhanced n-type characteristics, improved energy level alignment, and reduced nonradiative recombination losses. This leads to the best performing PSC with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.73%, an enhanced open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.17 V, and a decreased VOC loss of 92.3 mV. Furthermore, due to the hydrophobic fused-ring core in L-TMeCl, the unencapsulated L-TMeCl-treated PSCs exhibit excellent storage stability, retaining 92.6% of their initial PCE after 1200 hours in air at 30±5% relative humidity, and 84.8% of their initial PCE after 510 hours of thermal annealing at 80°C. The use of multifunctional molecule provides an effective approach to fabricating high-performance and stable inverted PSCs.
{"title":"Interface Passivation and Energy Level Alignment for Enhanced Photovoltage and Stability of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Multifunctional Molecule","authors":"Shuya Tai, Shuo Wan, Baobing Fan, Xiaoying Xiong, Huiting Fu, Yunlong Ma, Qingdong Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110670","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage loss induced by surface defects at the interfaces of perovskite is one of the key factors limiting further efficiency improvements in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Tailoring the uncoordinated bonds at perovskite surfaces can effectively suppress defects thereby enhancing charge transport and overall device performance of PSCs. In this study, L-tryptophan methyl ester hydrochloride (L-TMeCl) is employed to passivate the top interface of the perovskite. The protonated primary amine (R<sub>1</sub>NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>) and the carboxylate ester (R<sub>2</sub>COOCH<sub>3</sub>) groups of L-TMeCl function as electron pair acceptors and donors, respectively, facilitating interactions with the negative and positive dangling bonds of the perovskites. As a result, the L-TMeCl-treated perovskite films exhibit enhanced <em>n-</em>type characteristics, improved energy level alignment, and reduced nonradiative recombination losses. This leads to the best performing PSC with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.73%, an enhanced open-circuit voltage (<em>V</em><sub>OC</sub>) of 1.17<!-- --> <!-- -->V, and a decreased <em>V</em><sub>OC</sub> loss of 92.3<!-- --> <!-- -->mV. Furthermore, due to the hydrophobic fused-ring core in L-TMeCl, the unencapsulated L-TMeCl-treated PSCs exhibit excellent storage stability, retaining 92.6% of their initial PCE after 1200<!-- --> <!-- -->hours in air at 30±5% relative humidity, and 84.8% of their initial PCE after 510<!-- --> <!-- -->hours of thermal annealing at 80°C. The use of multifunctional molecule provides an effective approach to fabricating high-performance and stable inverted PSCs.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110671
Jiawei Si, Jin Yang, Dong Sun, Meng Li, Ziyuan Wang, Kai Wang, Rui Wang, Lei Han
Self-powered wireless sensing solution based on the breakdown discharge effect has been developed to tackle the challenges of energy supply, real-time sensing, and integration in current wireless sensors. However, the reported wireless sensors utilizing breakdown discharge focus on frequency sensing, which limits its wide application. Herein, a novel distance-independent remote wireless sensing mechanism based on attenuation coefficient is proposed that overcomes the inherent distance dependence of wireless signal strength, synergizing with frequency mechanism for reconstructing the self-powered multi-mechanism wireless sensing scheme. A systematic theoretical model is established to clarify the wireless sensing mechanism and verified from simulation and experiments. Through coupling different sensing modules, multiple prototypes (wearable multi-parameter wireless sensor, remote manipulator, and jumping robot) have been designed and refined to suit specific application scenarios. This work provides a promising scheme for the design of the self-powered wireless sensor, which exhibits great potential in Internet of Things (IoT) applications, such as smart cities, wearable electronics, smart homes, intelligent robots, etc.
{"title":"Breakdown Discharge Effect Enabled Self-Powered Multi-Mechanism Wireless Sensing Scheme","authors":"Jiawei Si, Jin Yang, Dong Sun, Meng Li, Ziyuan Wang, Kai Wang, Rui Wang, Lei Han","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110671","url":null,"abstract":"Self-powered wireless sensing solution based on the breakdown discharge effect has been developed to tackle the challenges of energy supply, real-time sensing, and integration in current wireless sensors. However, the reported wireless sensors utilizing breakdown discharge focus on frequency sensing, which limits its wide application. Herein, a novel distance-independent remote wireless sensing mechanism based on attenuation coefficient is proposed that overcomes the inherent distance dependence of wireless signal strength, synergizing with frequency mechanism for reconstructing the self-powered multi-mechanism wireless sensing scheme. A systematic theoretical model is established to clarify the wireless sensing mechanism and verified from simulation and experiments. Through coupling different sensing modules, multiple prototypes (wearable multi-parameter wireless sensor, remote manipulator, and jumping robot) have been designed and refined to suit specific application scenarios. This work provides a promising scheme for the design of the self-powered wireless sensor, which exhibits great potential in Internet of Things (IoT) applications, such as smart cities, wearable electronics, smart homes, intelligent robots, <em>etc</em>.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110668
Peng Yan, Tong Fu, Wenhui Wang
Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs) exhibit an extraordinary ability to confine light within a subwavelength scale and have been widely used in nanophotonic devices. Whereas the energy loss associated with SPPs propagation is so severe that the transmission of optical signals through SPPs is limited. In this work, we propose a new strategy to reduce the propagation loss of SPPs in metal nanowire waveguides. We have constructed parallel nanowires (PNWs) structures with a gap distance of ~10 nm. The propagation loss of PNWs can be prominently reduced with respect to the single NW. The mechanism is attributed to mode hybridization between adjacent individual NWs, which can affect the electric field distribution and thus restrain leaky radiation to the substrate. Moreover, we have fabricated distinct PNWs structures to compare their propagation losses. The finite element method (FEM) has been used to calculate field distributions of plasmon modes and study the effect of gap distance, demonstrating a high figure of merit (FoM) waveguiding by exploiting the coupling between PNWs. Our work provides a new road to reduce the propagation loss of SPPs along metal NWs, which is crucial for the applications of plasmon-based nanophotonic devices.
{"title":"Reduced loss of plasmon propagation along parallel silver nanowires","authors":"Peng Yan, Tong Fu, Wenhui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110668","url":null,"abstract":"Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs) exhibit an extraordinary ability to confine light within a subwavelength scale and have been widely used in nanophotonic devices. Whereas the energy loss associated with SPPs propagation is so severe that the transmission of optical signals through SPPs is limited. In this work, we propose a new strategy to reduce the propagation loss of SPPs in metal nanowire waveguides. We have constructed parallel nanowires (PNWs) structures with a gap distance of ~10<!-- --> <!-- -->nm. The propagation loss of PNWs can be prominently reduced with respect to the single NW. The mechanism is attributed to mode hybridization between adjacent individual NWs, which can affect the electric field distribution and thus restrain leaky radiation to the substrate. Moreover, we have fabricated distinct PNWs structures to compare their propagation losses. The finite element method (FEM) has been used to calculate field distributions of plasmon modes and study the effect of gap distance, demonstrating a high figure of merit (FoM) waveguiding by exploiting the coupling between PNWs. Our work provides a new road to reduce the propagation loss of SPPs along metal NWs, which is crucial for the applications of plasmon-based nanophotonic devices.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110665
Si Zhao, David Patrun, Xudong Chen, Ziyaad Aytuna, Yiyin Huang, Sanjay Mathur, Zhensheng Hong
High-energy-density battery systems based on metal anodes have garnered tremendous research interests, holding promising applications in power grid systems, portable electronics, and electric mobility. However, the road to applications of various metal anodes is inhibited by the uneven electrodeposition and dendrites growth. The emerging single atom materials (SAMs) with tunable electronic structure provide a way to precisely adjust the electrochemical nucleation process at the atomic level, allowing the possibility of perfect homogeneous deposition of metal anode. This review article initially summarizes the various synthesis strategies and structural characterization of SAMs. Furthermore, it focuses on a comprehensive review of tailoring SAMs with unique advantages for regulating the metal (Li, Na, Zn, et al.) anode electrodeposition, offering fundamental view of designing SAMs for high-energy metal anode-based batteries. Finally, the article outlines the challenges and future research prospects of SAMs in advanced battery system applications.
{"title":"Tailoring Single Atom Materials for Regulating Metal Anode Deposition","authors":"Si Zhao, David Patrun, Xudong Chen, Ziyaad Aytuna, Yiyin Huang, Sanjay Mathur, Zhensheng Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110665","url":null,"abstract":"High-energy-density battery systems based on metal anodes have garnered tremendous research interests, holding promising applications in power grid systems, portable electronics, and electric mobility. However, the road to applications of various metal anodes is inhibited by the uneven electrodeposition and dendrites growth. The emerging single atom materials (SAMs) with tunable electronic structure provide a way to precisely adjust the electrochemical nucleation process at the atomic level, allowing the possibility of perfect homogeneous deposition of metal anode. This review article initially summarizes the various synthesis strategies and structural characterization of SAMs. Furthermore, it focuses on a comprehensive review of tailoring SAMs with unique advantages for regulating the metal (Li, Na, Zn, et al.) anode electrodeposition, offering fundamental view of designing SAMs for high-energy metal anode-based batteries. Finally, the article outlines the challenges and future research prospects of SAMs in advanced battery system applications.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142961730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110666
Jinxu Qin, Chenglong Shen, Xigui Yang, Lei Li, Zhenfeng Zhang, Hang Liu, Chaofan Lv, Wuyou Zhang, Lin Dong, Chong-Xin Shan
Temperature measurement is fundamental to diverse fields such as industrial production, biological systems, and healthcare. However, developing temperature sensors with both high sensitivity and long-term stability remains a persistent challenge. Here, we introduce a novel temperature-sensing mechanism based on the thermal desorption of molecules from the surface of hydrophilic nanodiamond (H-ND). By modifying nanodiamond surfaces to enhance hydrophilicity, conductive channels are formed through the absorption of water molecules. As temperature rises, water molecules desorb, leading to a reduction in these conductive channels and an increase in resistance and enabling precise temperature sensing. The H-ND sensor exhibits a high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of 1595%/°C within the range of 70-100 °C. Remarkably, the addition of salts such as NaCl further enhances the TCR to 415000% /°C within the same temperature range, the highest TCR reported to date for temperature sensors. Furthermore, we developed a flexible H-ND sensor array with 6 × 6 sensing cells, capable of generating high-resolution temperature images. This work provides a novel sensing mechanism that significantly advances the development and application of highly sensitive temperature sensors.
{"title":"Thermal Desorption-Driven Temperature Sensor with Unprecedented High Sensitivity","authors":"Jinxu Qin, Chenglong Shen, Xigui Yang, Lei Li, Zhenfeng Zhang, Hang Liu, Chaofan Lv, Wuyou Zhang, Lin Dong, Chong-Xin Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110666","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature measurement is fundamental to diverse fields such as industrial production, biological systems, and healthcare. However, developing temperature sensors with both high sensitivity and long-term stability remains a persistent challenge. Here, we introduce a novel temperature-sensing mechanism based on the thermal desorption of molecules from the surface of hydrophilic nanodiamond (H-ND). By modifying nanodiamond surfaces to enhance hydrophilicity, conductive channels are formed through the absorption of water molecules. As temperature rises, water molecules desorb, leading to a reduction in these conductive channels and an increase in resistance and enabling precise temperature sensing. The H-ND sensor exhibits a high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of 1595%/°C within the range of 70-100 °C. Remarkably, the addition of salts such as NaCl further enhances the TCR to 415000% /°C within the same temperature range, the highest TCR reported to date for temperature sensors. Furthermore, we developed a flexible H-ND sensor array with 6 × 6 sensing cells, capable of generating high-resolution temperature images. This work provides a novel sensing mechanism that significantly advances the development and application of highly sensitive temperature sensors.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142940209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110660
Chuangchi Ma, Yunqing He, Luying Zeng, Mingxian Liu
Single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) attracted much attentions due to their simplified structure, high energy conversion efficiency, flexible adaptability and wide application potential. Herein, a multifunctional, flexible and highly responsive single-electrode TENG was fabricated by grafting of conducting polypyrrole (PPy) onto the surface of chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs). ChNCs effectively improved the dispersibility of PPy in aqueous solution, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of the suspension. A single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (PC-TENG) was fabricated using PPy@ChNCs suspension as the electrode material and polydimethylsilane (PDMS) as the encapsulation material and friction layer. The solid-liquid double layer between the PDMS and the liquid electrode is conducive to outputting higher triboelectric performance. When the ratio of ChNCs and PPy was 1:2, PC-TENG has a maximum output voltage of approximately 65 V, output current of approximately 8.6 μA, and a transferred charge of about 38 nC. The power density of PC-TENG can reach 145 mW/m2 with fast responsiveness and stable output performance after 1000 cycles. PC-TENG can realize human motion monitoring and tactile perception with a self-powered system. This work adopted biologically derived ChNCs to improve the dispersibility and conductivity of PPy, and the obtained PC-TENG exhibits promising application in wearable energy harvesting technology.
{"title":"Surface modification of chitin nanocrystals using conducting polymer for triboelectric nanogenerator","authors":"Chuangchi Ma, Yunqing He, Luying Zeng, Mingxian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110660","url":null,"abstract":"Single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) attracted much attentions due to their simplified structure, high energy conversion efficiency, flexible adaptability and wide application potential. Herein, a multifunctional, flexible and highly responsive single-electrode TENG was fabricated by grafting of conducting polypyrrole (PPy) onto the surface of chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs). ChNCs effectively improved the dispersibility of PPy in aqueous solution, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of the suspension. A single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (PC-TENG) was fabricated using PPy@ChNCs suspension as the electrode material and polydimethylsilane (PDMS) as the encapsulation material and friction layer. The solid-liquid double layer between the PDMS and the liquid electrode is conducive to outputting higher triboelectric performance. When the ratio of ChNCs and PPy was 1:2, PC-TENG has a maximum output voltage of approximately 65<!-- --> <!-- -->V, output current of approximately 8.6 μA, and a transferred charge of about 38 nC. The power density of PC-TENG can reach 145<!-- --> <!-- -->mW/m<sup>2</sup> with fast responsiveness and stable output performance after 1000 cycles. PC-TENG can realize human motion monitoring and tactile perception with a self-powered system. This work adopted biologically derived ChNCs to improve the dispersibility and conductivity of PPy, and the obtained PC-TENG exhibits promising application in wearable energy harvesting technology.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142937208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To ensure the safe operation of the floating slab rail transit, it is necessary to achieve stable and long-term monitoring of the health status of the floating slab track side. Based on the low amplitude characteristics of the track, this paper proposes a self-powered and self-sensing triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid generator (SS-TEHG) with displacement amplification and rotational speed amplification. The main function of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is to serve as a signal combined with deep learning to monitor the damage of the floating slab track system, including steel spring failure, fastening failure, and vibration failure. The electromagnetic generator (EMG) utilizes the lever principle to amplify the vibration displacement of the floating slab track. After passing through the screw and bevel gear rectification mechanism, the linear vibration displacement of the track is converted into unidirectional rotational motion and transmitted to the planetary gearbox for speed amplification and then generates electrical energy in the generator. On this basis, a coupled dynamics model of vehicle-rail-floating slab-harvester is constructed in Simpack software to obtain the vibration state of the floating slab track at different speeds to evaluate the performance of SS-TEHG. The deep learning model consists of four modules: Spatial Feature Extraction Module (SFEM), Temporal Feature Extraction Module (TFEM), and Attention Module (AM). The experimental results show that the test accuracy of the 2TFEM group and the SFEM (64) +2TFEM group can reach 99.81% and 99.97%, respectively. The time taken by 2TFEM and SFEM (64) +2TFEM is 7938.6 s and 4654.9 s, respectively. As the speed increases from 20 km/h to 100 km/h, the RMS voltage of the EMG increases from 2.04 V to 3.55 V. The combination of EMG and LTC3588 power management circuit only requires 10 s of power supply to a 1000 μF capacitor, which can provide stable power supply for temperature and humidity sensors for 80 s. The above results provide an effective solution for the dual function integration of energy harvesting and state self-monitoring to the floating slab rail transit.
{"title":"Self-powered and self-sensing triboelectric electromagnetic hybrid generator with dual motion amplification mechanism for application in floating slab track system","authors":"Yuan Wang, Jinyan Feng, Jiaoyi Wu, Juhuang Song, Yingjie Li, Luyao Bai, Lingfei Qi, Zutao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110663","url":null,"abstract":"To ensure the safe operation of the floating slab rail transit, it is necessary to achieve stable and long-term monitoring of the health status of the floating slab track side. Based on the low amplitude characteristics of the track, this paper proposes a self-powered and self-sensing triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid generator (SS-TEHG) with displacement amplification and rotational speed amplification. The main function of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is to serve as a signal combined with deep learning to monitor the damage of the floating slab track system, including steel spring failure, fastening failure, and vibration failure. The electromagnetic generator (EMG) utilizes the lever principle to amplify the vibration displacement of the floating slab track. After passing through the screw and bevel gear rectification mechanism, the linear vibration displacement of the track is converted into unidirectional rotational motion and transmitted to the planetary gearbox for speed amplification and then generates electrical energy in the generator. On this basis, a coupled dynamics model of vehicle-rail-floating slab-harvester is constructed in Simpack software to obtain the vibration state of the floating slab track at different speeds to evaluate the performance of SS-TEHG. The deep learning model consists of four modules: Spatial Feature Extraction Module (SFEM), Temporal Feature Extraction Module (TFEM), and Attention Module (AM). The experimental results show that the test accuracy of the 2TFEM group and the SFEM (64) +2TFEM group can reach 99.81% and 99.97%, respectively. The time taken by 2TFEM and SFEM (64) +2TFEM is 7938.6<!-- --> <!-- -->s and 4654.9<!-- --> <!-- -->s, respectively. As the speed increases from 20<!-- --> <!-- -->km/h to 100<!-- --> <!-- -->km/h, the RMS voltage of the EMG increases from 2.04<!-- --> <!-- -->V to 3.55<!-- --> <!-- -->V. The combination of EMG and LTC3588 power management circuit only requires 10<!-- --> <!-- -->s of power supply to a 1000 μF capacitor, which can provide stable power supply for temperature and humidity sensors for 80<!-- --> <!-- -->s. The above results provide an effective solution for the dual function integration of energy harvesting and state self-monitoring to the floating slab rail transit.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142940204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110656
Wenkui Dong, Shuhua Peng, Kejin Wang, Yuhan Huang, Long Shi, Fan Wu, Wengui Li
Self-powering and self-sensing concrete materials are critical for advancing intelligent civil infrastructure, particularly in powering various sensors used in structural health monitoring (SHM). This study developed an integrated cement-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and piezoresistive self-sensing sensors using fully cured nano carbon black (NCB)-reinforced cement mortar. In the cement-based TENG, a thin cement plate served as the positive triboelectric layers, while a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) plate served as the negative triboelectric layers. The electrical output voltage increased with both the loading frequency and surface contact area. At a frequency of 4.0 Hz, the 40 mm × 40 mm × 5 mm cement-based TENG generated a short-circuit current of 8.2 μA and an open-circuit voltage of up to 113 V. This output was sufficient to recharge a 10 µF capacitor to 0.32 V within 25 seconds after rectification. A comparison of the triboelectric performance of cement-based TENGs with different surface areas revealed that larger specimens had a lower percentage of effective contact area. This was attributed to the uneven surfaces of both the cement-based and PTFE plates, as well as small protrusions and holes on the cement-based surface. The piezoresistive cement-based sensors demonstrated excellent self-sensing capabilities under various loading amplitudes, rates, and conditions, including both compression and bending. These sensors performed effectively whether used independently or embedded inside concrete beams. These findings pave the way for self-powering and self-sensing concrete systems, leveraging triboelectric and piezoresistive effects to power sensors in smart civil infrastructure and SHM applications.
自供电和自传感混凝土材料对于推进智能民用基础设施至关重要，特别是在为结构健康监测（SHM）中使用的各种传感器供电方面。本研究利用完全固化的纳米炭黑（NCB）增强水泥砂浆，开发了一种集成的水泥基摩擦电纳米发电机（TENG）和压阻式自传感传感器。在水泥基TENG中，薄水泥板作为正摩擦电层，聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）板作为负摩擦电层。输出电压随加载频率和表面接触面积的增加而增加。在4.0 Hz频率下，40 mm × 40 mm × 5 mm水泥基TENG产生的短路电流为8.2 μA，开路电压高达113 V。该输出足以在整流后25秒内将10µF电容器充电至0.32 V。对比不同表面面积的水泥基teng材料的摩擦电性能表明，较大的试样具有较低的有效接触面积百分比。这是由于水泥基板和聚四氟乙烯板的表面不均匀，以及水泥基表面上的小突起和孔。压阻式水泥基传感器在各种加载幅度、速率和条件下（包括压缩和弯曲）都表现出出色的自感知能力。无论是单独使用还是嵌入混凝土梁内，这些传感器都能有效地工作。这些发现为自供电和自传感混凝土系统铺平了道路，利用摩擦电和压阻效应为智能民用基础设施和SHM应用中的电力传感器提供动力。
{"title":"Integrated triboelectric self-powering and piezoresistive self-sensing cementitious composites for intelligent civil infrastructure","authors":"Wenkui Dong, Shuhua Peng, Kejin Wang, Yuhan Huang, Long Shi, Fan Wu, Wengui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110656","url":null,"abstract":"Self-powering and self-sensing concrete materials are critical for advancing intelligent civil infrastructure, particularly in powering various sensors used in structural health monitoring (SHM). This study developed an integrated cement-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and piezoresistive self-sensing sensors using fully cured nano carbon black (NCB)-reinforced cement mortar. In the cement-based TENG, a thin cement plate served as the positive triboelectric layers, while a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) plate served as the negative triboelectric layers. The electrical output voltage increased with both the loading frequency and surface contact area. At a frequency of 4.0<!-- --> <!-- -->Hz, the 40<!-- --> <!-- -->mm × 40<!-- --> <!-- -->mm × 5<!-- --> <!-- -->mm cement-based TENG generated a short-circuit current of 8.2 μA and an open-circuit voltage of up to 113<!-- --> <!-- -->V. This output was sufficient to recharge a 10 µF capacitor to 0.32<!-- --> <!-- -->V within 25<!-- --> <!-- -->seconds after rectification. A comparison of the triboelectric performance of cement-based TENGs with different surface areas revealed that larger specimens had a lower percentage of effective contact area. This was attributed to the uneven surfaces of both the cement-based and PTFE plates, as well as small protrusions and holes on the cement-based surface. The piezoresistive cement-based sensors demonstrated excellent self-sensing capabilities under various loading amplitudes, rates, and conditions, including both compression and bending. These sensors performed effectively whether used independently or embedded inside concrete beams. These findings pave the way for self-powering and self-sensing concrete systems, leveraging triboelectric and piezoresistive effects to power sensors in smart civil infrastructure and SHM applications.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142937210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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