This theoretical paper begins by briefly exploring the structuralist and romantic ideas underpinning the modern concept of identity. The paper then attempts to shift away from this influence of modernity towards a post-modern view of identity through social constructionism. The paper continues by examining the role discourses and narratives play in the construction of identity through the use of the metaphor of interweaving threads and patchworks. The construction of identity is then further examined through positioning theory; identification, ideologies, and power. Finally, the influence of language on the construction of identity is addressed with specific reference to Jacques Derrida’s concepts of différance and deconstruction as well as their adaptation to therapeutic practices. The paper concludes that identity can be conceptualised as a metaphor of threads and patchworks that are relational and contextually dependent, and that it is through the use of discourses and narratives that identity is constructed.
{"title":"The Threads of a Narrative: An Exploration of Identity","authors":"G. T. Ryan","doi":"10.59158/001c.71113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59158/001c.71113","url":null,"abstract":"This theoretical paper begins by briefly exploring the structuralist and romantic ideas underpinning the modern concept of identity. The paper then attempts to shift away from this influence of modernity towards a post-modern view of identity through social constructionism. The paper continues by examining the role discourses and narratives play in the construction of identity through the use of the metaphor of interweaving threads and patchworks. The construction of identity is then further examined through positioning theory; identification, ideologies, and power. Finally, the influence of language on the construction of identity is addressed with specific reference to Jacques Derrida’s concepts of différance and deconstruction as well as their adaptation to therapeutic practices. The paper concludes that identity can be conceptualised as a metaphor of threads and patchworks that are relational and contextually dependent, and that it is through the use of discourses and narratives that identity is constructed.","PeriodicalId":394035,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy and Counselling Journal of Australia","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130499405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The publication of the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia’s ([PACFA], 2017) Code of Ethics contains several features that are frequently absent from similar professional codes. Most notably, PACFA’s Code extends its professional requirements beyond the regular ethical standards for compliance and towards an articulation of the profession’s ethos through its commitment to clients, personal qualities of its members, and its acknowledgement of the complexity of practice. This theoretical paper explores the significance of the concept of ethos that has been articulated within PACFA’s Code, and considers how this concept might expand the research and practice agenda of educators and supervisors of counsellors and psychotherapists. The paper takes the position that the framework of virtue ethics provides a useful augmentation to the existing models of ethics, and uses this framework to explore models for professional identity development and personal character development in therapists.
{"title":"From Ethics to Ethos: An Expanded Agenda for Counsellor Training and Development","authors":"Jim Schirmer","doi":"10.59158/001c.71110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59158/001c.71110","url":null,"abstract":"The publication of the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia’s ([PACFA], 2017) Code of Ethics contains several features that are frequently absent from similar professional codes. Most notably, PACFA’s Code extends its professional requirements beyond the regular ethical standards for compliance and towards an articulation of the profession’s ethos through its commitment to clients, personal qualities of its members, and its acknowledgement of the complexity of practice. This theoretical paper explores the significance of the concept of ethos that has been articulated within PACFA’s Code, and considers how this concept might expand the research and practice agenda of educators and supervisors of counsellors and psychotherapists. The paper takes the position that the framework of virtue ethics provides a useful augmentation to the existing models of ethics, and uses this framework to explore models for professional identity development and personal character development in therapists.","PeriodicalId":394035,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy and Counselling Journal of Australia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130268651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial Note","authors":"Tristan Snell","doi":"10.59158/001c.71107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59158/001c.71107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":394035,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy and Counselling Journal of Australia","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115981098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to investigate the phenomenological experience of an individual engaged in the Radical Exposure Tapping (RET) protocol (MacKinnon, 2014) for trauma-related emotional reactivity. A single case study design was selected to allow for a comprehensive investigation of the participant’s experience following the administration of the RET protocol. Qualitative methods, including interpretive phenomenological analysis (Smith & Osborn, 2009; Smith & Osborn, 2015), were used as the participant’s experience was of primary importance. Data analysis revealed three superordinate themes resulting from the process of the RET protocol—emotional experiences, memory processing, and vulnerability—with each theme comprising various interrelating subordinate themes. Findings suggested the usefulness of the RET protocol in the reduction of trauma-related emotional reactivity for the case study participant, with relevant limitations discussed. More, however, needs to be known about the outcome reliability and mechanism(s) of change for the RET protocol in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology.
{"title":"Applying the Radical Exposure Tapping Protocol in the Treatment of Trauma-Related Emotional Reactivity: A Phenomenological Case Study","authors":"Emília Barna, D. J O'Hara","doi":"10.59158/001c.71261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59158/001c.71261","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the phenomenological experience of an individual engaged in the Radical Exposure Tapping (RET) protocol (MacKinnon, 2014) for trauma-related emotional reactivity. A single case study design was selected to allow for a comprehensive investigation of the participant’s experience following the administration of the RET protocol. Qualitative methods, including interpretive phenomenological analysis (Smith & Osborn, 2009; Smith & Osborn, 2015), were used as the participant’s experience was of primary importance. Data analysis revealed three superordinate themes resulting from the process of the RET protocol—emotional experiences, memory processing, and vulnerability—with each theme comprising various interrelating subordinate themes. Findings suggested the usefulness of the RET protocol in the reduction of trauma-related emotional reactivity for the case study participant, with relevant limitations discussed. More, however, needs to be known about the outcome reliability and mechanism(s) of change for the RET protocol in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology.","PeriodicalId":394035,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy and Counselling Journal of Australia","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127279791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emotion–Focused Counselling: A Practitioner’s Guide (2017) by Michelle A. Webster. Annandale, Australia: Annandale Institute, ISBN: 9780648048404","authors":"C. Stapleton","doi":"10.59158/001c.71117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59158/001c.71117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":394035,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy and Counselling Journal of Australia","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122088118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helen Shann, J. Sheen, Delise Francis, Jennifer Pohl
One in five Australians will experience a mental illness in any given 12 month period. With limited inpatient facilitates available, the majority of these episodes will be managed in the community, typically with the assistance of unpaid carers (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008). This study explores carers’ experiences and their knowledge of the resources available to them when they are managing a mental health crisis. Qualitative information was used to supplement quantitative data. A convenience sample of 71 carers (87% females) aged 18 years and over was recruited from carer services in Victoria, Australia. Of the sample, 65% (95% confidence interval 53%-76%) felt that there is not enough support when the individual in their care has a mental health crisis. Carers wanted greater involvement in decision-making during crises, increased availability of Crisis Assessment and Treatment (CAT) services, and more resources for effective management of crises associated with substance abuse. Carers also emphasised the need for affordable education and counselling services to help them manage crises and support them between crises. This study provides psychotherapists and other health professionals insight into the difficulties faced by carers in the community, as well as effective ways to support carers.
{"title":"The Experiences and Needs of Carers During Mental Health Crises: A Mixed-Methods Study","authors":"Helen Shann, J. Sheen, Delise Francis, Jennifer Pohl","doi":"10.59158/001c.71112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59158/001c.71112","url":null,"abstract":"One in five Australians will experience a mental illness in any given 12 month period. With limited inpatient facilitates available, the majority of these episodes will be managed in the community, typically with the assistance of unpaid carers (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008). This study explores carers’ experiences and their knowledge of the resources available to them when they are managing a mental health crisis. Qualitative information was used to supplement quantitative data. A convenience sample of 71 carers (87% females) aged 18 years and over was recruited from carer services in Victoria, Australia. Of the sample, 65% (95% confidence interval 53%-76%) felt that there is not enough support when the individual in their care has a mental health crisis. Carers wanted greater involvement in decision-making during crises, increased availability of Crisis Assessment and Treatment (CAT) services, and more resources for effective management of crises associated with substance abuse. Carers also emphasised the need for affordable education and counselling services to help them manage crises and support them between crises. This study provides psychotherapists and other health professionals insight into the difficulties faced by carers in the community, as well as effective ways to support carers.","PeriodicalId":394035,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy and Counselling Journal of Australia","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130208961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Counselling and Psychotherapy With Older People in Care (2018) by Felicity Chapman. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. ISBN: 978 1 78592 396 8. $47.03 (Amazon), $33.29 (Kindle)","authors":"D. Stow","doi":"10.59158/001c.71268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59158/001c.71268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":394035,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy and Counselling Journal of Australia","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129953345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article provides an overview of the pluralistic approach to counselling and psychotherapy. It discusses the way the practices have moved from an earlier “schoolism” or “one for all” approach, to an interest in developing and testing integrative practices. Furthermore, the increasingly respectful relating with clients that emerges from taking client preferences and differences into account is discussed. The way pluralistic practice leads both logically and ethically towards an extension of Carl Roger’s person-centred approach, introduced over 60 years ago, is discussed. The need for more detailed outcome research on pluralism is identified, and the inclusion of personal development within counsellor education, to prepare individuals to be flexible in their responses and willing to discover client perspectives is recommended.
{"title":"Pluralism in Counselling and Psychotherapy: An Introduction to Theory and Implications for Practice","authors":"M. Pearson, M. de Bruin","doi":"10.59158/001c.71115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59158/001c.71115","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an overview of the pluralistic approach to counselling and psychotherapy. It discusses the way the practices have moved from an earlier “schoolism” or “one for all” approach, to an interest in developing and testing integrative practices. Furthermore, the increasingly respectful relating with clients that emerges from taking client preferences and differences into account is discussed. The way pluralistic practice leads both logically and ethically towards an extension of Carl Roger’s person-centred approach, introduced over 60 years ago, is discussed. The need for more detailed outcome research on pluralism is identified, and the inclusion of personal development within counsellor education, to prepare individuals to be flexible in their responses and willing to discover client perspectives is recommended.","PeriodicalId":394035,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy and Counselling Journal of Australia","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131009949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial: What We Write About When We Write About Psychotherapy and Counselling","authors":"R. Price-Robertson","doi":"10.59158/001c.71109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59158/001c.71109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":394035,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy and Counselling Journal of Australia","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134043914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adolescents enrolled in community Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning (VCAL) programs frequently experience a wide range of serious life issues that can disrupt their educational experience, and these students may benefit from the application of counselling. The current study examines how organisations providing the VCAL can implement effective counselling services that will be utilised by students. At present, no existing studies examine what factors would encourage VCAL students to utilise a mental health service provided by their educational program. Data was collected through a web-based qualitative survey. Thematic analysis was applied to the survey responses, and the themes that emerged included interpersonal stress, desire for mutual respect in counselling, and that youth prefer to be autonomous. Participants expressed wanting counselling services which are accessible, flexible, support their own problem solving, and encourage a warm, respectful therapeutic relationship.
{"title":"Investigating What Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning Students Seek in a Counselling Service","authors":"Emma Chow, Pol Dominic Miles-McCann","doi":"10.59158/001c.71116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59158/001c.71116","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescents enrolled in community Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning (VCAL) programs frequently experience a wide range of serious life issues that can disrupt their educational experience, and these students may benefit from the application of counselling. The current study examines how organisations providing the VCAL can implement effective counselling services that will be utilised by students. At present, no existing studies examine what factors would encourage VCAL students to utilise a mental health service provided by their educational program. Data was collected through a web-based qualitative survey. Thematic analysis was applied to the survey responses, and the themes that emerged included interpersonal stress, desire for mutual respect in counselling, and that youth prefer to be autonomous. Participants expressed wanting counselling services which are accessible, flexible, support their own problem solving, and encourage a warm, respectful therapeutic relationship.","PeriodicalId":394035,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy and Counselling Journal of Australia","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125617271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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