Biodiversity最新文献

{"title":"Altitudinal partitioning of syrphid flies (Diptera) increases along elevation gradients in pollinator communities in the Eastern Himalayas, India","authors":"S. K. Sinha, Santanu Mahato, Pravas Hazari, Niyatee Pandya, A. Hajra, N. Jana","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2022.2138545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2022.2138545","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The diversity and altitudinal distribution patterns of syrphid flies in the Neora Valley National Park, in the Eastern Himalaya was studied, including the ramifications of pollination by drone fly (Eristalis tenax) showing Batesian mimicry of honeybees. Considering the altitudinal variation and visitation rate, the study found a total of 30 Syrphidae species, among which Eristalis himalayensis, E. tenax, Chrysogaster sp., Episyrphus balteatus, Paragus haemorrhous and Syrphus dalhousiae had the highest encounter rate. The maximum number of species was observed at ≥ 2500 m asl. The diversity of Syrphidae in the Neora Valley reflects the supremacy of these flies over other pollinator insects in the study area. The mean visit per hour of drone fly (E. tenax) was 21 ± 2.73SE (SE – standard error) individual at the lower altitudes but the rate was higher (37.1 ± 4.09SE) in the absence of honeybees at the higher altitudes. More information about the primary determinants of the dynamic nature of pollination is required in this area in order to understand plant–pollinator responses to global warming.","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"23 1","pages":"102 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45626931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial treatment of industrial effluents: future policy for aquatic biodiversity conservation","authors":"S. Sarkar, Cynthia Meza, A. Banerjee","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2022.2137848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2022.2137848","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In an era of rapid industrialization, the discharge of contaminated effluent into natural environments has significantly increased with a direct, negative impact on aquatic biodiversity. It is not only discharged industrial effluent, but also products discharged from wastewater treatment plants, that disrupt biogeochemical cycles, which have direct relationships with aquatic biodiversity. Due to this situation, microbial biodiversity is also affected. Microbial wastewater treatment is a sustainable way to protect aquatic biodiversity, for which environmental microbiome conservation is very important. This article explores the delicate topic of biodiversity conservation, specifically aquatic biodiversity conservation, and is aimed at improving and informing aquatic biodiversity policies. Key policy insights In this time of fast industrialization, microbial biodiversity in the aquatic world is getting impacted due to wastewater effluents. Designing and revising the policies/laws required to conserve microbial biodiversity for the sustainability of our planet via bioregional management, and public awareness programmes. Microbiome conservation will play a key role in maintaining the global aquatic biome, which is at ecological risk.","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"23 1","pages":"118 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48221774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brazil’s return to the global environmental sphere and the hope for the dawn of a new day","authors":"Dahvii Shiva Sampaio","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2022.2151511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2022.2151511","url":null,"abstract":"Greetings, everyone – my name is Dahvii Shiva and I am writing to you from a small fragment of the rich Atlantic Rainforest, the ‘Mata Atlântica’, in Bahia, Northeast Brazil. I have been attempting to write this ‘On the Ground’ piece for the past three weeks, but it is only now I have had the opportunity to sit and write amongst a lot of travelling and the political changes happening in my country. And this is the perfect moment, as a new political cycle has just begun, giving me confidence and attentiveness to what we call ‘Sinais do Tempo’ (the signs of time). After Brazil went through a period that will go down in the annals of history as the most nefarious political moment since the democratization of Brazil in 1988, we can finally glimpse the horizon of a new day from these lands. In 2019, as soon as the former Brazilian president Bolsonaro (still in office but ‘gone’) took office, he withdrew Brazil from hosting the Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Climate Change Convention (COP25), which was to be hosted in Brazil that year. Now, at this very moment, the newly elected president of Brazil, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (known as Lula), who will take office on 1 January 2023, is already on his way to COP27 in Egypt. Yes, friends, it is a drastic transformation in the official Brazilian posture in forums related to the environment, and yes, we have a lot to talk about and build together. Lula’s victory in the presidential elections in Brazil has immense implications for not only us in Brazil, but for everyone on the planet. His election reopens opportunities for us to deal with the climate and biodiversityloss crisis as a mega-ecological power and holder of the greatest biodiversity on the planet. New avenues of cooperation are opening for the protection and valorization of biodiversity, the protection of life, and the maintenance and regeneration of living systems for a good living and planetary well-being, with major impacts on issues of planetary emergency. Not only is Brazil the most biologically mega-diverse country in the world, but it is also in its territory that we find the largest rainforest and river basin in the world: the Amazon. These are treasures of immense greatness to which the fate of all the planet’s inhabitants is tied, and which play a crucial role in maintaining the possibility of regeneration of the Earth’s living systems. Historically, Brazil assumed a leadership role in international forums related to environmental issues. However, even though prohibited by the Brazilian Federal Constitution, we have suffered terrible setbacks in this area since the fascist government assumed political power in our country (in 2019). The affront and dismantling of environmental and climate change policies and systems in our country has been very serious, with a heavy ecological debt not only for the Brazilian population, but also the world’s populations. The immense escalation of frightening deforestation occurring in the ","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"23 1","pages":"152 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42048316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The state of UK rivers","authors":"Vanessa Reid","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2022.2152097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2022.2152097","url":null,"abstract":"The River Wye is the fourth-longest river in the UK, stretching 250 km from its source on Plynlimon in midWales to the Severn estuary in England. It passes through the so-called ‘chicken capital of the UK’, where an estimated 20 million birds are farmed in the river’s catchment. According to Robin Eveleigh, the average supermarket bird costs less than a pint of beer does (as of 14 June 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/ environment/2021/jun/14/bird-costs-less-than-pintwelcome-to-britains-poultry-capital-herefordshropshire-powys). The UK produced 1.7 m tonnes of chicken meat in 2020, up 28% from a decade before. There has been an explosive growth of poultry production in Britain, with over a quarter coming from just the three counties of Hereford, Shropshire and Powys, where the River Wye runs through. And with this growth comes a massive spike in river pollution. Chicken manure from the increasing number of intensive poultry farms is being spread on the land as a fertilizer. High levels of runoff are entering the surrounding rivers, resulting what is increasingly being described as ‘pea soup’ in appearance, also know as deadly algal blooms. As these blooms take over and starve the rivers of oxygen, plants such as ranunculus are suffocated, and the river’s brown trout, chubb and barbel are dying off. The knock-on effect is less food for birds such as the iconic kingfisher. This phenomenon is not caused solely by poultry production, however. The illegal dumping of sewage in the UK’s rivers is a massive issue, where far greater action from the UK government is needed. Emma Howard Boyd, the chair of the Environment Agency (2022), stated in a press release in July 2022 that ‘fines currently handed down by the courts often amount to less than a chief executive’s salary . . . Investors should no longer see England’s water monopolies as a one-way bet’. Data released by the Environment Agency in March 2022 showed that 10 water companies throughout England released raw sewage into waterways over hundreds of thousands of hours in 2021. The 372,533 spills were recorded only on those overflows where event duration monitors were in place: 12,608 of the 14,707 overflows, or 89%. The government said the Storm Overflows Discharge Reduction Plan was a step towards change in how water companies tackle the number of discharges of untreated sewage, which the government and the public have made clear are unacceptable. It may be a good step, but let’s hope it is also a speedy one.","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"23 1","pages":"169 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48642870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of religious beliefs in the conservation of biodiversity in the holy shrines of Pakistan","authors":"S. Qasim, M. Qasim, R. Shrestha, Anees Hassan","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2022.2150312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2022.2150312","url":null,"abstract":"Muslim shrines are deeply revered in Pakistan given the fact that devotees believe saints are buried in them, but they also have a deep respect for the bird, animal and tree species residing within the shrine premises. The devotees believe that harming these animal and plant species will in turn have a negative effect on their own lives, whereas caring for and protecting them will bring an increase in their happiness and livelihood sources. This practice has led to the conservation of birds, animals and some tree species in the shrines in Pakistan, even if not intentional. We examined the number of plant and animal species protected in 10 selected shrines across Pakistan and share with you our findings here. Focus group discussions with the Manjawars (people taking care of the Shrine) revealed that three bird species, two mammal species, one reptile species and four plant species are conserved at these shrines. From our findings, we strongly recommend that the Pakistani government should provide better financial support to these shrines for proper care and conservation of these species. This will provide protection to the animals and birds species in the shrines and will ultimately promote religious tourism in Pakistan. Shrines, mosques and graveyards are places of religious attachments for people in Pakistan where many plant species are conserved (Ishtiaq et al. 2013; Sher, Yousaf, and Khan 2013). Worshipping of birds, animals and sacred trees are spiritual and cultural practices that date back to the Indus Valley civilization in Pakistan. Shrines of saints are reverend by Muslims in Pakistan and other South Asian countries (Mukul, Rashid, and Uddin 2012; Dandekar and Tschacher 2016; Charan et al. 2020). These shrines of saints are also called Mazar, Dargah and Darbar (Uddin 2006; Rahman 2017). The saints buried in these shrines are also known by names such as waliullah, Awlia, sufi, Peer, Sarkar, Hazrat and Baba (Hussain 2021). We will use the word ‘saint’ throughout this opinion piece for these pious people because it is commonly used by other researchers in the literature. It is believed by Muslims that the saints were given special healing powers by Allah almighty, called Kiramat (spiritual powers) (Frembgen 2002). Each of these saints had a disciple called a Murshid (Hussain 2021). Currently these shrines are under the influence of Sajjada Nasheen or Gaddi nasheen, a descendent of the saint family. The people who take care of the shrine are called Manjawars (Mukul, Rashid, and Uddin 2012), and their duties include cleaning the shrines, controlling financial matters and other arrangements, and management including provision of food to the devotees on special occasions. It is important to note that the whole system operates through charity, dependent on donations from visitors or devotees. The death anniversaries of these saints are celebrated with great zeal by many followers and are called Urs or mela. In these situations, the qawwal (speci","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"23 1","pages":"159 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48896903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bird ringing stations as an interactive tool for education and conservation programmes","authors":"O. E. Adekola","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2022.2099464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2022.2099464","url":null,"abstract":"It was during my master’s degree programme at the A. P. Leventis Ornithological Research Institute (APLORI; www.aplori.org) in 2016 that I first had the opportunity to join the bird ringing table. APLORI is the most prestigious ornithological research institute in West Africa, situated in Laminga, Plateau State, in Nigeria, and is solely dedicated to ornithological research and capacity building in West Africa. Prior to this experience, it is safe to say that I was ignorant of the exciting avian world! Although I had graduated with a first degree in ecotourism and wildlife management and a master’s degree in wildlife ecology and management, I knew close to nothing about birds, let alone bird ringing. APLORI is committed to the monthly Constant Effort Sites (CES) where mist nets are frequently placed in strategic locations within the Amurum Forest Reserve (which houses APLORI) in order to catch and ring birds. Students are always encouraged to join and have a closer look at the birds (in hand). For me, this was the beginning of an undying passion for bird ringing. I was committed to this CES throughout my 14 months’ study time at APLORI (September 2016 to November 2017). Thanks to Drs Chima and Kwanye Nwaogu who patiently took me through this learning journey, I was able to deepen my interest in understanding moult strategies. How birds grow their feathers became fascinating to me. Eventually, I did my PhD on moult strategies of different bird species and got my bird ringing licence at the FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, South Africa (courtesy of my experiences at the ringing station in Jos, Nigeria). Bird ringing not only introduced me more intimately to the natural world, it also increased my quest to ask and answer deeper questions about birds and, by extension, the natural environment around me. In March 2019, almost 4000 Amur Falcons Falco amurensis, who had spent their non-wintering season at KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and were en route back to their breeding site in eastern Asia, were affected by two exceptional nocturnal hailstorms, with almost 2000 Amur Falcons killed at their roosts (Allan 2019; Adekola et al. 2021a). I was part of the team that worked on the moult strategies of the species; this work formed a chapter of my PhD thesis (Adekola et al. 2021a). Interestingly, some of the birds were rescued, released and resighted in India (see https://nenow.in/north-eastnews/amur-falcon-rescued-released-in-assam-turns -out-to-be-a-strong-bird.html). Thanks to the power of bird ringing! Also, when I was catching gannets for my moult studies (Adekola et al. 2021b) at Malgas Island (33°05′S, 17°92′E), off the west coast of South Africa, my knowledge of bird ringing came handy as I was able to ring them. Birds are often the most visible form of biodiversity to many people, regardless of where they live. They are an important part of our daily lives. This probably makes birds enticing species for conserva","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"23 1","pages":"96 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43660219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of mangroves in degraded, natural, and restored ecosystems in Guyana","authors":"Sabrina Dookie, S. Jaikishun, A. Ansari","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2022.2107570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2022.2107570","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mangrove ecosystems are subject to multiple environmental stresses which often challenge their resistance and resilience. In this study, comparisons were made between mangrove trees and seedlings in natural, degraded, and restored mangrove ecosystems found on the coastline of Guyana. Biophysical measurements were made using the point-centred quarter method (PCQM) in both the wet and dry seasons. The density of seedlings and trees varied between locations, with natural mangrove ecosystems having the highest density while degraded ecosystems had the lowest. Significant differences were also reported for biophysical measurements for seedlings (df = 5, p < 2.2e-16) and trees (height; diameter at breast height) [F(10, 564) = 112.47, p < 2.2e-16] between all three types of mangrove ecosystems with biophysical measurements showcasing positive correlations (p < .05, rs < 0.5) in most locations. Regression analysis results further established strong relationships between biophysical measurements of plants and their locations. Key policy insights Mangrove ecosystems provide several ecological goods and services while providing protection against the sea and sustaining the resident biodiversity. There is a need for greater conservation and preservation efforts for mangrove ecosystems since their dynamics are heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities and natural phenomena. Mangroves have the capacity to capture and store carbon, making them active participants in the global sequestration of carbon, and in the fight against climate change.","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"23 1","pages":"40 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46718597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating molecular and morphological diversity of Phlomis olivieri Benth (Lamiaceae) populations in Iran","authors":"Raziye Zare  Hoseini, I. Mehregan, M. Ghanbari Jahromi, A. Mousavi, S. A. Salami","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2022.2117736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2022.2117736","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Phlomis olivieri (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant that exhibits diverse variations across a multitude of geographical ranges. Here, we studied the genetic diversity of this species according to start codon targeted (SCoT) markers and morphological variability based on 15 morphological traits. Specifically, the genetic diversity was studied among 100 individuals of 10 geographical populations in Iran. The populations were highly variable in almost all morphological traits (P < .01) and the dendrogram showed four main clusters for morphological traits. Out of the 10 primers, five SCoTs produced 93 reproducible bands, of which 92 were polymorphic. Significant values were observed in the average polymorphic information content (0.35), average band informativeness (18.4), resolving power (6.24) and average polymorphism (98.66%). SCoT markers ultimately grouped P. olivieri populations into six main clusters based on the principal component analysis. Using SCoT alleles, the individuals were grouped into eight distinct genetic clusters. The analysis of molecular variance showed a high degree of genetic variation among the populations (71%) and within the populations (29%). The Mantel test revealed a positive correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance. Thus, morphological features and SCoT markers were informative and reliable in revealing diversity among P. olivieri populations.","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"23 1","pages":"81 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47957524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"English pastoral: an inheritance","authors":"M. Root-Bernstein","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2022.2103733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2022.2103733","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"23 1","pages":"98 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45838534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foraging and roosting patterns of a repeatedly mass-culled island flying fox reveals opportunities to mitigate human–wildlife conflict","authors":"V. O. Seegobin, R. Oleksy, F. Florens","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2022.2107569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2022.2107569","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Human–wildlife conflicts (HWC) arising from fruit bats eating commercial fruits is a worsening problem worldwide and is epitomized by the Mauritian flying fox (Pteropus niger), a species threatened with extinction yet repeatedly mass-culled since 2015. Non-lethal solutions for dealing with this HWC are needed, which are rooted in the evidence available. In this study, we tracked the movements of 12 flying fox individuals over two years in order to document the animal’s movement ecology, with a view to deriving recommendations to alleviate the ensuing HWC. We found that flying foxes prefer to forage and roost in forested areas located at elevations < 250 m. However, during the fruiting season of commercial trees, the animals tended to roost closer to and forage more often on commercial fruits during the early hours of the night. These findings have several implications for the improvement of commercial fruit protection, which should in turn alleviate HWC, notably through informing management to take into consideration the spatio-temporal expression of flying fox foraging. Key policy insights Pteropus niger generally prefers to forage and roost in lower-elevation forests (<250 m). Restoring such forests would increase fruit production in those areas and reduce the need for flying foxes to forage on commercial fruits. The nightly foraging pattern of P. niger indicates that the use of active deterrent methods could be optimized by concentrating the efforts primarily during the early hours of the night, when flying foxes’ foraging activity on commercial fruit trees is highest. Information on roost and foraging site distribution may be used to construct a foraging-risk map to inform optimization of crop protection efforts that would contribute towards alleviating the worsening human–wildlife conflict.","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"23 1","pages":"49 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48401765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}