Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski最新文献

Objective: Aim: To investigate the impact of the improved Working Program of the academic subject "Special Physical Training" on the dynamics of indicators of cadets' physical and psycho-emotional state in their training process..

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The research, which was conducted in 2023-2024, involved 167 male cadets of the 3rd and 4th training years of National Academy of Internal Affairs (Kyiv, Ukraine). Two groups were formed: the experimental group (EG, n = 86), whose cadets studied according to the improved Working Program of the academic subject area referred to as "Special Physical Training," and the control group (CG, n = 81), whose cadets studied according to the existing Working Program. Research methods: bibliosemantic, pedagogical experiment, testing, methods of mathematical statistics.

Results: Results: The research found that at the end of the experiment, most of the studied indicators of physical and psycho-emotional state in the EG cadets were significantly better than in the CG cadets. The most pronounced effect of the training sessions with the improved Working Program was found in the indicators of anxiety, neuro-emotional stability, self-confidence, stress resistance, and endurance of future law enforcement officers.

Conclusion: Conclusions: A high level of these indicators will ensure the formation of law enforcement officers' psychophysical readiness for extreme conditions. It will help to improve the efficiency of their performance of service tasks under martial law.

Objective: Aim: The aim is to analyze the possibilities of coaching technologies for training future specialists in the field of education for sustainable development in war conditions, to characterise the role of psychoeducation in this process..

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The research used a number of scientific methods: general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization), specific search, and analysis of the source base, made it possible to determine the general trends in the study of the problem of the psychoeducation in the process of professional training of future specialists for sustainable development in wartime conditions, analyze the achievements of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, to distinguish the common and the different in the scientific research of scientists.

Conclusion: Conclusions: One of the tools for ensuring the development of education under wartime conditions, as our experience shows, is the introduction of the latest technologies, in particular coaching, and the actualization of psychoeducation, which under the conditions of the russian-Ukrainian war gained special importance in the professional training of specialists in view of the constant need for psychological support with the help of all participants in the educational process. Various methods, tools and forms of psychoeducation serve as psychological assistance to higher education students, and through the introduction of coaching technologies, it is possible to achieve not only the formation of key competencies of future professionals, increase their general culture, improve mental health, but also to constantly improve themselves, form the ability to comprehend, overcome various mental problems, stressful situations, and finally, to maintain physical, mental, and spiritual health in war time.

This case report describes the clinical course in a great age home hospice patient with advanced lip cancer, who was cured as a result of palliative care and radiotherapy specialists' cooperation. A 91-year-old Caucasian male developed a lip tumor over five years. Given his passive approach to health and challenging living conditions, he opted not to undergo the recommended surgical treatment. As the lip lesion progressed, and pain and trismus increased, making him unable to eat, he was placed under home hospice care. Seeking the best treatment strategy, the hospice physician referred him to a radiotherapist, who qualified him for sequential radiotherapy. Initially, external beam radiotherapy was administered, delivering a total dose of 30 Gy in 10 fractions using the IMRT technique, which resulted in over 60% tumor regression. Subsequently, an HDR 3D interstitial brachytherapy boost was applied, delivering an additional dose of 24 Gy in 6 fractions. This treatment led to a remarkable resolution of the lesion. Throughout this process, comprehensive supportive care was continuously provided as the patient temporarily developed CTCAE grade 3 oral toxicity, which required intensive local and analgesic therapy for five weeks. Ultimately, the patient's fitness greatly improved. This case report highlights the importance of comprehensive supportive treatment and multidisciplinary cooperation, as well as the effectiveness of radiotherapy in palliative care.

Objective: Aim: The work aimed to study the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on the expression of key regulatory interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), influencing the development of reparative processes of chronic wounds.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The experiment involved 3 groups of rats: intact animals and animals of the control and experimental groups, for which chronic wounds were simulated. Exposure to wound defects of animals of the experimental group was carried out using PBM therapy. Animals were euthanized on the 14th and 28th day of the experiment. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, and GM-CSF in the blood serum of animals were studied by enzyme immunoassay. Histological studies were carried out. The semi-quantitative method was used to evaluate the reepithelization stage, polymorphonuclear leucocytes, fibroblasts, new vessels, and new collagen.

Results: Results: In our work in a group of animals using PBM therapy, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, GM-CSF, and IL-10 did not change during the proliferationto-remodeling transition phase. The application of PBM therapy resulted in an increase in IL-4 on day 14 of the experiment. The semi-quantitative method demonstrated a change in the number of histologic processes and structures after using PBM therapy.

Conclusion: Conclusions: An imbalance in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was found with the use of PBM therapy in our study. An increase in the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, the number of fibroblasts, and collagen after laser treatment was shown.

Objective: Aim: The aim of the study is to analysis of "The Murray Method", which is aimed at overcoming the consequences of adverse childhood experiences, the consequences of various psychological traumas of the individual during life and is aimed at the formation of a healthy balanced personality, the study of the fundamentals of the emergence of the method, the disclosure of the psychological mechanisms of how a person experiences a traumatic event, consideration of the main basic concepts of the concepts of "The Murray Method".

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: To solve the tasks and achieve the goal of the article, we used general scientific methods of the theoretical level (analysis, synthesis, comparison, systematization, generalization of scientific and theoretical data), in relation to the psychotherapeutic method of becoming a healthy balanced personality through overcoming trauma, violence and deprivation according to "The Murray Method".

Conclusion: Conclusions: "The Murray Method" is based on sufficiently strong immersion in the ≪Pool of Pain≫ and its ≪devastation≫ in an atmosphere of support and love, reducing the role of the protective mechanism as a result of working with images, manifesting, talking about painful emotions, analyzing traumatic experiences, as well as searching and the formation of personal talents, the formation of a healthy, balanced person, capable of sympathizing, showing empathy, protecting oneself without harming others, enjoying life.

Objective: Aim: The aim is to investigate the mental health indicators of cadets during their stressful academic training under martial law.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The research, which was conducted in the academic year 2023-2024, involved 253 male cadets of the 1st-4th training years at the National Academy of Internal Affairs (Kyiv, Ukraine). Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of literary sources, mental health testing, and methods of mathematical statistics. Seven psycho-diagnostic methods were used to test the cadets' mental health.

Results: Results: The results obtained indicate a pronounced negative impact of stressors of academic activities under martial law on the cadets' mental health and, in particular, on the level of manifestation of stress disorders, a tendency to develop stress, reduced stress resistance, increased nervous and emotional stress, anxiety, and deterioration of the emotional state. The most pronounced negative changes in these indicators of mental health were found in cadets who have not developed skills to cope with stress during academic activities and the use of effective means of stress prevention and restoration of psycho-emotional state (junior cadets).

Conclusion: Conclusions: The research demonstrates the urgent need to develop cadets' stress resistance during academic training to ensure the effectiveness of their educational activities under martial law and further service activities, as well as to develop skills in the use of available means to prevent stressful phenomena in the process of education during the war.

Objective: Aim: To study the respiratory symptoms and respiratory functions markers in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The study included 40 patients with IBS, and 30 apparently healthy subjects. Pulmonary functions are performed using spirometry, including forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, Forced Expiratory Volume/Forced Vital Capacity, peak expiratory flow rate. Classification of Irritable Bowel Syndrome subtypes performed according to the Rome III criteria.

Results: Results: Respiratory symptom among patients with IBS was sputum in the most common 67.5%, cough 50%, and wheeze 30% and dyspnea 37.5%. The results of the current study also revealed a significant decrease in most markers of respiratory functions markers, these include: Forced Vital Capacity which was (2.59±0.12 L) in Irritable Bowel Syndrome patients as compared to healthy control group (2.82±0.06 L). A significant decrease in Forced Expiratory Volume was also recorded in patients (2.18±0.12 L) comparing to control subjects (2.42±0.73 L). Accordingly, the Forced Expiratory Volume/Forced Vital Capacity was also significantly decreased in patients 83.98%±1.21% in comparison to healthy individuals 85.85%±1.35%.

Conclusion: Conclusions: It was concluded that patients with irritable bowel syndrome exhibited a marked decreased in respiratory functions. It also seems that constipation is one of the underlining mechanisms for deterioration in the pulmonary functions and appearance of respiratory symptoms.

Objective: Aim: To consider the specific activity of drops and suppositories of PROTEFLAZID® at the stage of preclinical study, to assess the effectiveness and safety of use in clinical practice in papillomavirus-associated diseases of the female reproductive system..

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Analysis of scientific publications on the treatment of palilomavirus infection with PROTEFLAZID® in women over the past decade.

Results: Results: Medicines have a direct antiviral effect on papillomaviruses. Clinical trials have shown that the drugs are safe and effective agents for the treatment of papillomavirus-associated CIN1 and CIN2 in the mode of simultaneous systemic and topical use. The proposed scheme is a promising method of treating class I-II neoplasias in women of reproductive age, as it avoids cervical damage, early and late complications and preserves female reproductive function.

Conclusion: Conclusions: PROTEFLAZID® (drops and suppositories) are safe and effective etiopathogenetic drugs for the systemic and topical treatment of papillomavirusassociated diseases in women. Medicines demonstrate the potential for the prevention of cervical cancer, as they allow organ-preserving treatment in women of reproductive age as a guarantee of future motherhood.

Objective: Aim: The study aims to evaluate the impact of the ONSTEP technique on the intensity of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the outcomes of inguinal hernia treatment compared to the Lichtenstein technique. .

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: In 41 men randomized into 2 study groups, unilateral inguinal hernia repair was performed using the ONSTEP technique in group O and the Lichtenstein technique in group L. A total of 34 men met the full inclusion criteria, with each group consisting of 17 patients. Data were collected prospectively during hospitalization, as well as on day 7 and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Pain intensity was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The severity of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was evaluated based on changes in the following parameters: leukocyte and platelet counts, levels of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen at 6, 24, 46, and 168 hours postoperatively.

Results: Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between the study groups in the incidence of CPP, the need for analgesics, recurrence rates, SIRS severity, or operative time. However, the ONSTEP technique was associated with significantly lower acute postoperative pain intensity and a quicker return to daily activities compared to the Lichtenstein technique.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Compared with the Lichtenstein technique, the ONSTEP technique shows similar intensity of SIRS and mostly comparable results in treatment, however the intensity of intense acute postoperative pain is lower and the return to preoperative activity proceeds faster.

Objective: Aim: To evaluate the state of oxidation processes and morphological changes in the heart of rats with chronic hypodynamia during the development of epinephrine heart damage (EHD)..

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 144 white male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into two groups: 1 - control, 2 - hypodynamia. For EHD, rats were injected once intraperitoneally with a 0.18% solution of adrenaline hydrotartrate at the rate of 0.5 mg/kg of weight. Stress was induced in rats from 2.5 to 4.0 months of age. The animals were constantly kept in cages with limited living space for 1.5 months. The concentration of diene and triene conjugates (DC, TC), Schiff's bases (SB), TBA-active products (TBA-ap), oxidatively modified proteins (OMP), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were determined in the heart. A morphological study of preparations stained with Azan-trichrome was carried out. All studies were performed in control, 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after adrenaline injection.

Results: Results: In the I series DC and TC increased after 1 day of EHD, fell to control values after 3 days, and then had wave-like character (highest - after 14 days), SB decreased, TBA-ap increase (maximal after 14 days). OMP370 increased after 1 and 3 days, after 14 days they were higher than in control, and after 28 days they decreased. OMP430 were greater than the control in all terms, except 28 days. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was lower than the control at all times. Hypodynamia caused an increase of lipid peroxidation and a decrease in OMP. Hypodynamia leads to increase of CAT, and decrase of SOD. All indicators of SOD and CAT exceeded hihger level of the antioxidant indicators of animals of the II group at EHD. Biochemical changes are consistent with morphological. After injection of epinephrine, severe vascular disorders, edema, endothelial cell damage, microcirculatory disorders, hemorrhages in the surrounding tissues, and sclerosing of the walls of arteries and venules were observed. Morphological studies established higher disturbances in the II group.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Hypodynamia in rats causes an increase of lipid peroxidation products and catalase activity in the heart, but a decrease in the content of oxidatively modified proteins and superoxide dismutase activity. Adrenaline injection causes activation of lipid peroxidation, especially secondary forms, and an less accumulation in the content of oxidatively modified proteins. During the development of epinephrine heart damage, the activity of antioxidants is significantly higher in animals with chronic hypodynamia. Biochemical changes are consistent with morphological changes, and indicate more damage to the myocardium in the process of development of epinephrine heart damage in animals of the I group.