Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski最新文献

Objective: Aim: This systematic review examined the cultural competence among healthcare professionals, focusing on: (I) the assessment of cultural competence among healthcare professionals; (II) the education and assessment of cultural competence among healthcare students; (III) healthcare professionals' perceptions and experiences regarding cultural competence; (IV) healthcare students' perceptions and experiences regarding cultural competence; and (V) educators' perspectives on teaching cultural competence.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Databases searched included PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, and ProQuest from 2017 to 2024. From 15, 053 studies identified initially, 31 studies met inclusion criteria after screening and were analyzed in depth.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Healthcare professionals and students acknowledge the benefits of cultural competence training; however, undergraduate programs and curricula remain underdeveloped. Educators frequently rely on anecdotal methods rather than structured frameworks. Further systematic integration and evidence-based strategies are essential.

Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is an uncommon variant (rare presentation) of plasma-cell neoplasia characterized by the proliferation of clonal plasma cells outside the bone marrow microenvironment. EMP most frequently arises in the head and neck region, particularly within soft-tissue structures of the upper aerodigestive tract. Herein, we present a case report of a 31-year-old patient diagnosed with a localized extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) of the left palatine tonsil at the University Hospital in Krakow. We are also presenting a summary of the EMP of the tonsil case reports from the PubMed database. This article aims to present a clinical case of extramedullary plasmacytoma involving the palatine tonsil in a 31-year-old woman, with a detailed description of the diagnostic process and therapeutic management. In addition, the article reviews alternative diagnostic approaches and treatment modalities reported in the literature.

Objective: Aim: To analyse the challenges of protecting personal medical data in European Union (EU) Member States and other European countries during the implementation of Regulation 2016/679 (General Data Protection Regulation [GDPR]).

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The study is based on an analysis of international and national legal frameworks governing personal medical data protection, focusing on the GDPR, the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (seven relevant judgments), and national data protection legislation. Statistical data from reports of national Data Protection Authorities were analyzed to identify dominant categories of infringements related to unlawful processing, storage, disclosure, and security breaches of medical data. The methodology included a comparative analysis of European Court of Human Rights judgments and an overview of enforcement activities of data protection authorities in 27 EU Member States. Dialectical, hermeneutic, comparative, analytical, and systemic analysis methods were applied.

Conclusion: Conclusions: To comply with the GDPR, healthcare institutions must ensure lawful and secure processing of personal medical data: organize internal procedures, appoint a Data Protection Officer, implement technical and organizational measures, obtain informed consent from patients, and guarantee their rights to access and protect such sensitive information. The protection of personal medical data is ensured through a multi-level system that combines the GDPR, the European Court of Human Rights case law, and national institutions. It is essential to develop and implement clear data protection policies that define responsibilities, data handling procedures and incident response. Many countries still have low awareness among medical personnel regarding personal data protection.

Objective: Aim: To study the complexing ability of pectins of different origins towards calcium ions (Ca2⁺) and lead ions (Pb2⁺), in order to justify the introduction of calcium pectate into product formulations for special medical purposes and the subsequent medical use of such products for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes under conditions of lead exposure.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The complexation ability of six different fruit and vegetable pectins with calcium (Ca2⁺) and lead (Pb2⁺) ions was investigated using the atomic emission method.

Results: Results: It was found that the highest complexing ability towards Ca2⁺ ions was observed in sugar beet pectin: 5,02±0,04 mmol Me/g pectin; the complexing ability of quince, citrus, apple, carrot, and pumpkin pectins ranged from 3,07±0,02 to 3,91±0,03 mmol Me/g pectin. The complexing ability of sugar beet pectin towards Pb2⁺ ions was 1,40±0,01 mmol Me/g pectin, while other pectins exhibited complexing abilities from 1,00±0,01 to 1,31±0,01 mmol Me/g pectin. The study of pectins' complexing ability in an aqueous medium in vitro, in the simultaneous presence of Ca2⁺ and Pb2⁺ ions, did not reveal a statistically significant change in complexing ability towards Pb2⁺ ions in sugar beet pectin (p=0,052), citrus pectin (p=0,054), carrot pectin (p=0,072), or pumpkin pectin (p=0,061); however, a decrease in complexing ability with Pb2⁺ ions was observed in quince pectin (p=0,036) and apple pectin (p=0,048).

Conclusion: Conclusions: Calcium pectates of fruit and vegetable origin can be added to dietary products for special medical purposes to reduce lead exposure.

This case report explores the spectrum and mechanisms of myocardial involvement in Lyme carditis, integrating clinical and imaging findings to better understand the disease course and its management implications. While conduction abnormalities are the most well-recognized cardiac manifestation of Lyme carditis, our findings highlight the importance of myocardial work assessment by echocardiography in the early stage of the disease and by cardiac magnetic resonance in the late stage. These insights may guide clinicians in early recognition, targeted therapy, and prevention of adverse cardiac outcomes in Lyme carditis and other forms of myocarditis. We report the case of a 44-year-old male presenting with complete atrioventricular block. Myocardial work assessment by echocardiography was performed to investigate the underlying etiology, revealing findings suggestive of an inflammatory myopericardial syndrome as the cause of the conduction abnormality. The Suspicious Index in Lyme Carditis suspicious (SILC) score indicated an intermediate probability of Lyme infection, which was subsequently confirmed by laboratory testing. The patient was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone, resulting in resolution of the conduction disturbance and obviating the need for pacemaker implantation. During follow-up, myocardial work parameters were reassessed, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed, both supporting remission with residual changes and providing additional prognostic insights.

Objective: Aim: To evaluate the effect of trans-resveratrol on cognitive function and quality of life in postmenopausal women.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: A prospective controlled clinical study involved 88 women aged 52.1±2.5 years, postmenopausal for 2.3±1.2 years, who were randomized into two groups: study (n=55) and comparison (n=33). All patients underwent laboratory and psychometric examinations.

Results: Results: Compared with the control group, resveratrol intake was associated with an increase in serum magnesium levels (p 0.05). Resveratrol administration in the study group resulted in positive changes in cognitive function (P<0.001), unlike in the control group, where no significant changes were observed (P>0.05). Improvements in quality of life according to the EQ-5D-3L scale occurred in both groups, but with an advantage in the study group (p 0.05).

Conclusion: Conclusions: The results of the study indicate a significant positive effect of resveratrol on cognitive functioning, as confirmed by an increase in MoCA scores, as well as an improvement in quality-of-life parameters according to the EQ-5D-3L and MENQOL questionnaires. The data obtained provide grounds for asserting that resveratrol can help slow age-related cognitive decline in postmenopausal women.

Objective: Aim: To investigate approaches to the criminal legal qualification of collaborationism in the field of healthcare, taking into account the norms of international humanitarian law.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The research methodology involves an analysis of current legislative documents on the qualification of criminal liability for collaborative activities, as well as regulatory legal acts in the healthcare field, and documents of international humanitarian law. The data analysis was conducted using open sources, mainly for the period 2013-2025, with an emphasis on the period of the active phase of the war in Ukraine. The main search keywords were "human rights", "collaborationism", "criminal liability", "crimes against the foundations of national security", "medical immunity in international humanitarian law", and "healthcare". The initial database consisted of 70 sources, of which 34 were included in the final analysis. The materials of the publication form the basis for the systematization of criminal legislation on the problems of protecting the rights of persons accused of collaborative activities in the field of healthcare, the key ones being the Constitution of Ukraine, the Criminal Code of Ukraine, and the European Convention on Human Rights.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The study emphasizes the need to improve the approach to the criminal legal qualification of collaborationism in the health sector, which covers both legal and organizational components, as well as mandatory compliance with the norms of international humanitarian law. The social danger of this phenomenon lies not only in the fact that it encroaches on the defense capability and foundations of national security, but also in the fact that it poses a threat to other objects of criminal law protection.

Objective: Aim: To summarize the biomarkers of cellular senescence in bone tissue and discuss their potential relevance for clinical risk stratification and outcomes related to bone remodeling and implant osseointegration.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: A narrative literature review was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar searches focused on osteoblast, osteocyte and mesenchymal stem cell senescence, DNA damage response, senescence-associated secretory phenotype, oxidative stress, and epigenetic regulation in bone. Eligible peer-reviewed publications were screened for evidence on established and emerging senescence biomarkers, detection methods (histochemical, immunohistochemical, molecular, and secretory profiling), and mechanistic links to impaired osteogenesis and enhanced osteoclastogenesis. Findings were synthesized into practical biomarker categories (molecular, cellular/tissue, and functional) with emphasis on translational implications for dental implant planning and peri-implant bone stability.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Bone cellular senescence is characterized by increased SA-β-gal activity, upregulation of cell-cycle inhibitors (p16INK4a, p21CIP1/WAF1, p53-related pathways), persistent DNA damage signaling, and a proinflammatory secretory phenotype that promotes osteoclast activation and suppresses osteogenesis. Tissue-level changes include reduced osteoblast function, osteocyte loss, and a shift toward resorptive remodeling reflected by an elevated RANKL/OPG ratio. Emerging signals (e.g., selected long non-coding RNAs and innate immune sensors such as TLR9) may complement classic markers in future panels. Integrating senescence-related biomarkers into clinical assessment may support individualized protocols for patients with biologically compromised bone and inform targeted preventive strategies.

Objective: Aim: To investigate the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cadets' somatic and mental health indicators during their academic training under martial law.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The research involved 98 male cadets, who were divided into three groups: group No. 1 (n=21), whose cadets engaged in HIIT; Group No. 2 (n=53), whose cadets were involved in other sports; Group No. 3 (n=24), whose cadets did not engage in additional sports. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of literature, biomedical methods, psychological methods, statistical methods.

Results: Results: In most tests, cadets in Group No. 1 had significantly better somatic and mental health indicators during their senior training years than those in Group No. 3, indicating a more pronounced effect of HIIT on the morphofunctional and psycho-emotional state of cadets during their academic training. At the same time, no significant difference was found between the indicators of cadets in Group No. 1 and Group No. 2, which indicates the effectiveness of additional motor activity and sports training sessions in improving the psychosomatic health of cadets.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The positive effect of HIIT on indicators of psychosomatic health among future law enforcement officers has been demonstrated. This underscores the advisability of the broader implementation of HIIT in the physical training of future law enforcement officers during their academic training at higher educational institutions with a specific learning environment, to improve their psychosomatic health and, accordingly, increase the effectiveness of their future service activities.

Objective: Aim: To investigate the negative and positive obligations of the state in ensuring the right of an individual to respect for human dignity in medical and legal relations, taking into account the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, and to reveal the protection of this right among drug addicts.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The research methodology involves the analysis of national regulatory provisions, international treaties, legislative acts of Ukraine, and legal positions of the ECHR on the problems of implementing the right to respect for human dignity in medical and legal relations, as well as the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Data analysis was conducted using open sources, mainly for the period 2010-2025. The main search keywords were "ECHR", "protection of rights", "health care", "legal regulation", "the right of an individual to respect for human dignity". The search criteria focused on modern scientific approaches and practical experience in ensuring the right of individuals to respect for human dignity in medical and legal relations. Sources that do not focus on medical-legal relations, that do not take into account the current practice of the ECHR, that do not comply with international human rights standards, legal acts or regulatory documents that contradict the practice of the ECHR were excluded from consideration.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The study highlights cases of failure to fulfill negative obligations of a material nature of the studied right of individuals, among which the following are identified: improper performance by officials of their duties due to inaction (failure to provide medical services, which led to serious consequences); improper performance of official duties by officials of state bodies, as well as unlawful actions of law enforcement agencies of a deliberate nature (physical and psychological violence against persons in custody). An approach is proposed in which adherence to the principle of the supremacy of the law under study, taking into account the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, is the basis for respecting human rights and freedoms.