Perinatal and maternal health are interlinked.World Health Organization defined perinatal period as period commences at 28 completed weeks of gestation and ends seven completed days after birth. The health care services that a woman receives during this period are very important for the survival and wellbeing of both the mother and a child.The study aimed to assessthe client satisfaction on perinatal health services among postnatal mothers in Government Hospital of Bharatpur, Nepal. Cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to determine the level of patient satisfaction through purposive sampling technique. The client satisfaction is measured by using 5 point likert scale with different items on ANC, intranatal, PNC and general.The study population comprised of married women of reproductive age who had taken service from maternity ward of Bharatpur Hospital. The data was collected through semi-structure interview schedule and collected data were entered in Epi-data 3.1 and exported data was analyzed using SPSS. Frequency tabulation, mean, percentage and chisquare test were done for statistical analysis The total sample size was 140, among them most of 100 (71.4%) respondent were 20-29 years. The level of satisfaction were found more on postnatal services (64.3%) than antenatal services (60.7%) and intranatal services (55.7%). In terms of association between perinatal satisfaction with the selected demographic variables only two variables i.e. parity and number of child shows association with Chi-square 0.591 and 4.078 and p-value 0.018 and 0.043 respectively. Key words: Hospital, clientsatisfaction, Perinatal period
{"title":"Clients Satisfaction on Perinatal Health Service among Postnatal Mother in Bharatpur Hospital","authors":"Saran Kharel, Prakat Karki, A. Karki","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.13","url":null,"abstract":"Perinatal and maternal health are interlinked.World Health Organization defined perinatal period as period commences at 28 completed weeks of gestation and ends seven completed days after birth. The health care services that a woman receives during this period are very important for the survival and wellbeing of both the mother and a child.The study aimed to assessthe client satisfaction on perinatal health services among postnatal mothers in Government Hospital of Bharatpur, Nepal. Cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to determine the level of patient satisfaction through purposive sampling technique. The client satisfaction is measured by using 5 point likert scale with different items on ANC, intranatal, PNC and general.The study population comprised of married women of reproductive age who had taken service from maternity ward of Bharatpur Hospital. The data was collected through semi-structure interview schedule and collected data were entered in Epi-data 3.1 and exported data was analyzed using SPSS. Frequency tabulation, mean, percentage and chisquare test were done for statistical analysis The total sample size was 140, among them most of 100 (71.4%) respondent were 20-29 years. The level of satisfaction were found more on postnatal services (64.3%) than antenatal services (60.7%) and intranatal services (55.7%). In terms of association between perinatal satisfaction with the selected demographic variables only two variables i.e. parity and number of child shows association with Chi-square 0.591 and 4.078 and p-value 0.018 and 0.043 respectively. \u0000 Key words: Hospital, clientsatisfaction, Perinatal period","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81213223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teenage pregnancy is a major public health problem worldwide. Studies shows that teenage mothers are more likely to experience pregnancy-related complications compared to normal age mothers. This study was conducted to find the associated factors of teenage pregnancy. Hospital based case-control study was adopted among teenage mothers (15-19 years) and non-teenage (20-29 years) postnatal mothers admitted in two medical college teaching hospitals of Pokhara. Systematic random sampling was used to select the respondents. Study sample comprises 432 respondents with 216 cases and 216 controls. The data was collected by using structured interview schedule and collected data were entered in MS excel with validated command and analyzed with SPSS 16 version. The study resulted that teenage pregnancy was associated with disadvantaged ethnicity (AOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.14-3.56) agriculture (AOR: 5.37, 95% CI: 1.86-15.49) and labour (AOR: 6.22, 95% CI: 2.56-15.11) family occupation, lower education (AOR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.39-4.76), nonworking status of women (AOR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.60-5.14), unplanned pregnancy (AOR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.101-3.21), incomplete immunization (AOR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.11-4.84) and preterm gestational age (AOR: 3.23, 95% CI: 1.46-7.15).It is recommended to design and implement health education interventions especially for disadvantaged groups and people with low socio economic to reduce teenage pregnancy; to emphasize on providing opportunities for higher education, employment and empowerment and increasing utilization of family planning and maternal health services among teenagers. Key words: Teenage pregnancy, associated factors, case control study, outcomes, adolescents
{"title":"Factors Associated with Teenage Pregnancy: A Case Control Study","authors":"N. Neupane, B. Pooja, Hari Prasad Kaphle","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.5","url":null,"abstract":"Teenage pregnancy is a major public health problem worldwide. Studies shows that teenage mothers are more likely to experience pregnancy-related complications compared to normal age mothers. This study was conducted to find the associated factors of teenage pregnancy. Hospital based case-control study was adopted among teenage mothers (15-19 years) and non-teenage (20-29 years) postnatal mothers admitted in two medical college teaching hospitals of Pokhara. Systematic random sampling was used to select the respondents. Study sample comprises 432 respondents with 216 cases and 216 controls. The data was collected by using structured interview schedule and collected data were entered in MS excel with validated command and analyzed with SPSS 16 version. The study resulted that teenage pregnancy was associated with disadvantaged ethnicity (AOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.14-3.56) agriculture (AOR: 5.37, 95% CI: 1.86-15.49) and labour (AOR: 6.22, 95% CI: 2.56-15.11) family occupation, lower education (AOR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.39-4.76), nonworking status of women (AOR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.60-5.14), unplanned pregnancy (AOR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.101-3.21), incomplete immunization (AOR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.11-4.84) and preterm gestational age (AOR: 3.23, 95% CI: 1.46-7.15).It is recommended to design and implement health education interventions especially for disadvantaged groups and people with low socio economic to reduce teenage pregnancy; to emphasize on providing opportunities for higher education, employment and empowerment and increasing utilization of family planning and maternal health services among teenagers. \u0000Key words: Teenage pregnancy, associated factors, case control study, outcomes, adolescents","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78334077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NSAIDs are commonly prescribed group of drugs with changing frequency of prescription pattern over a period of time and has wide range of adverse effect, mainly on alteration in GI, renal functions and CVS system, which can be life-threatening. Thus, the aim of study was to evaluate the current prescription pattern of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the prevalence of NSAID-induced gastrointestinal (GI) risk factors in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Nepal. A prospective observational NSAIDs induced gastrointestinal risk related study was conducted over a period of two months by clinical pharmacist on which study cohort include 370 patients who are taking or/and prescribed with NSAIDs. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by each patient for knowledge over prescribed NSAID and simplified risk scoring scale (the Standardized Calculator of Risk for Events; SCORE) was used to evaluate patients risk for GI complications with the used of NSAIDs. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 17.0. The study groups were stratified into four risk groups according to GI SCORE tool, 18.4% of the patients belonged to high risk to very high risk groups for gastrointestinal complications. Analysis of prescription pattern revealed that overall frequency of prescription pattern of plain NSAIDs was found to be 60%, among which naproxen 500mg (21.3%) was found to be the most commonly prescribed non-selective NSAIDs (92%). Out of 370 at 105 prescription FDCs were prescribed. The finding conclude that although about more than 70% of patients receiving gastroprotective agents and had knowledge over NSAIDs still patients were at high to very high risk for NSAID-induced gastrointestinal complications and still there is a need of effective education/ knowledge towards NSAIDs and their pros and cons on use to the respective healthcare workers and patients in order to promote effective drug utilization. Key words : Fixed Dose Combination (FDCs), Gastro-protective Agents (GPAs), Gastrointestinal complications, Non- Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs),
{"title":"Assessment of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Prescription Pattern and Gastrointestinal Risk Factors in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Nepal","authors":"P. Dulal, G. Khan","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.11","url":null,"abstract":"NSAIDs are commonly prescribed group of drugs with changing frequency of prescription pattern over a period of time and has wide range of adverse effect, mainly on alteration in GI, renal functions and CVS system, which can be life-threatening. Thus, the aim of study was to evaluate the current prescription pattern of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the prevalence of NSAID-induced gastrointestinal (GI) risk factors in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Nepal. A prospective observational NSAIDs induced gastrointestinal risk related study was conducted over a period of two months by clinical pharmacist on which study cohort include 370 patients who are taking or/and prescribed with NSAIDs. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by each patient for knowledge over prescribed NSAID and simplified risk scoring scale (the Standardized Calculator of Risk for Events; SCORE) was used to evaluate patients risk for GI complications with the used of NSAIDs. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 17.0. The study groups were stratified into four risk groups according to GI SCORE tool, 18.4% of the patients belonged to high risk to very high risk groups for gastrointestinal complications. Analysis of prescription pattern revealed that overall frequency of prescription pattern of plain NSAIDs was found to be 60%, among which naproxen 500mg (21.3%) was found to be the most commonly prescribed non-selective NSAIDs (92%). Out of 370 at 105 prescription FDCs were prescribed. The finding conclude that although about more than 70% of patients receiving gastroprotective agents and had knowledge over NSAIDs still patients were at high to very high risk for NSAID-induced gastrointestinal complications and still there is a need of effective education/ knowledge towards NSAIDs and their pros and cons on use to the respective healthcare workers and patients in order to promote effective drug utilization. \u0000 Key words : Fixed Dose Combination (FDCs), Gastro-protective Agents (GPAs), Gastrointestinal complications, Non- Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs),","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73939559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Physical inactivity is one of the major risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Physical activity related to work was categorized into vigorous, moderate and low levels. Dissatisfaction with body image proportionally increases with increasing BMI and engagement in some form of physical activity. The main objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of coping and threat intervention to increase the physical activity intention among employees of governmental offices in Baglung Municipality. This study was done among 15-69 age group which are at risk of developing obesity and its related diseases. Since obesity and physical activity are associated it is essential to explore obesity related information session for change physical activity intention, which provides the rationale for the current study. One group pre-test, post-test design was used in this study. Physical activity intention was measured applying protection motivation theory based on self-administered questionnaire, and anthropometric assessment was used to measure the body mass index. Formative research was done to develop educational intervention. Forty eight samples from different governmental organization of Baglung Municipality selected from simple random sampling without replacement technique. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation for univariate, chi-square and paired t-test for bivariate analysis was done. Most of the participants were male (81.3%) with mean age of (40.19 ± 10.61) years and plurality of the participants were in 45-69 age groups (41.7%). There was significant increase in self efficacy towards physical activity (p<0.049) and severity towards obesity (p<0.001) after the intervention. Both intention towards physical activity (p<0.001) and health literacy (p<0.001) were significantly increased after intervention. Interactive lecture was effective to bring about changes in self efficacy, severity, intention and health literacy. Interactive lecture method based on coping and threat strategies of protection motivation theory is recommended to increase physical activity intention and health literacy among governmental employees. Key words : Physical exercise, Protection motivation theory, Body image, Health literacy, body mass index.
{"title":"Effect of Coping and Threat Intervention on Physical Activity Intention among Government Employees of Baglung Municipality","authors":"J. Pathak, Chiranjivi Adhikari, C. Kandel","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.8","url":null,"abstract":"Physical inactivity is one of the major risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Physical activity related to work was categorized into vigorous, moderate and low levels. Dissatisfaction with body image proportionally increases with increasing BMI and engagement in some form of physical activity. The main objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of coping and threat intervention to increase the physical activity intention among employees of governmental offices in Baglung Municipality. This study was done among 15-69 age group which are at risk of developing obesity and its related diseases. Since obesity and physical activity are associated it is essential to explore obesity related information session for change physical activity intention, which provides the rationale for the current study. One group pre-test, post-test design was used in this study. Physical activity intention was measured applying protection motivation theory based on self-administered questionnaire, and anthropometric assessment was used to measure the body mass index. Formative research was done to develop educational intervention. Forty eight samples from different governmental organization of Baglung Municipality selected from simple random sampling without replacement technique. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation for univariate, chi-square and paired t-test for bivariate analysis was done. Most of the participants were male (81.3%) with mean age of (40.19 ± 10.61) years and plurality of the participants were in 45-69 age groups (41.7%). There was significant increase in self efficacy towards physical activity (p<0.049) and severity towards obesity (p<0.001) after the intervention. Both intention towards physical activity (p<0.001) and health literacy (p<0.001) were significantly increased after intervention. Interactive lecture was effective to bring about changes in self efficacy, severity, intention and health literacy. Interactive lecture method based on coping and threat strategies of protection motivation theory is recommended to increase physical activity intention and health literacy among governmental employees. \u0000Key words : Physical exercise, Protection motivation theory, Body image, Health literacy, body mass index.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77671701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The girl child faces the neglect of the family in the form of a failure to provide her the basic necessities of life in terms of food, clothing, love, shelter, supervision, education and medical care. Differential treatment of the boys and girls within families can be attributed to the social religious, cultural and economic returns that sons provide to their parents relative to daughters. Objective of the study was to assess the gender differences in feeding, care, support and nutritional status of children in the rural area of Kaski district, Nepal. A cross sectional study was carried out among the 456 children of 0-23 months from four VDCs of Kaski district. Data were collected using cluster random sampling. After obtaining the oral consent from the mothers and then data were collected in a pre-tested, pre designed, structured questionnaire by interview technique. In this study half of the respondents initiated breast milk within one hour after birth. Among them, more male children were received breast milk than female children. Nearly all (98.7%) of female child were fed colostrums milk. More than half (53.6%) of the respondents (male 54.4% and female 52.9%) were feeding breast milk more than nine times in 24 hours. Higher proportions of male children were exclusively breastfed than female children. Similarly higher percentages of male children were fed complementary food on timely than female children. The frequency of complementary feeding was less than four times for both children. During child illness most of the respondents went to hospital and almost all children got vaccines and vitamin A. Female appeared slightly more likely to be stunted than male. 19.2% male and 13.1% female were underweight and the proportion of wasted were nearly same in both male and female. There were no much differences among both the gender regarding feeding practice, care and support. Keywords: Gender differences in feeding; Care; Nutritional status of children; Rural area
{"title":"Gender Differences in Feeding, Care, Support and Nutritional Status of Children in the Rural Area of Kaski District, Nepal.","authors":"B. Shrestha, Dipendra Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.37107/jhas.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.34","url":null,"abstract":"The girl child faces the neglect of the family in the form of a failure to provide her the basic necessities of life in terms of food, clothing, love, shelter, supervision, education and medical care. Differential treatment of the boys and girls within families can be attributed to the social religious, cultural and economic returns that sons provide to their parents relative to daughters. Objective of the study was to assess the gender differences in feeding, care, support and nutritional status of children in the rural area of Kaski district, Nepal. A cross sectional study was carried out among the 456 children of 0-23 months from four VDCs of Kaski district. Data were collected using cluster random sampling. After obtaining the oral consent from the mothers and then data were collected in a pre-tested, pre designed, structured questionnaire by interview technique. In this study half of the respondents initiated breast milk within one hour after birth. Among them, more male children were received breast milk than female children. Nearly all (98.7%) of female child were fed colostrums milk. More than half (53.6%) of the respondents (male 54.4% and female 52.9%) were feeding breast milk more than nine times in 24 hours. Higher proportions of male children were exclusively breastfed than female children. Similarly higher percentages of male children were fed complementary food on timely than female children. The frequency of complementary feeding was less than four times for both children. During child illness most of the respondents went to hospital and almost all children got vaccines and vitamin A. Female appeared slightly more likely to be stunted than male. 19.2% male and 13.1% female were underweight and the proportion of wasted were nearly same in both male and female. There were no much differences among both the gender regarding feeding practice, care and support. \u0000 Keywords: Gender differences in feeding; Care; Nutritional status of children; Rural area","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"248 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91200883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Birth spacing is the interval that the couples maintain between two successive children. World Health Organization (WHO) and other international organizations recommend that individuals and couples should wait for at least 3-5 years between births in order to reduce the risk of adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Having children too close together has long been associated with increased risk of various adverse health outcomes, including mortality, for infants, children and mothers. But in developing countries women are giving birth to children in short gap which is causing infant, child and maternal mortality. The main objective of the study is to assess the determinants of birth spacing. A cross sectional study was carried out in Deurali VDC of Kaski. The study population comprised of married women of reproductive age having at least one child. The data was collected by using semi structured interview schedules and collected data were entered in Epi-data and analyzed using SPSS. The total sample was 262, among them most of the 130 (49.6%) respondents were >30 years old while 13 (5%) of respondents were <20 years old. The minimum age was 15 and maximum age was 45 years. The mean ± SD of age of the respondents was 31.65±7.144 years. Majority 231 (88.2%) of respondents were Hindu and 123 (48%) were of upper caste. Majority of 151 (57.6%) respondents lived in joint family and 158 (60.3%) of respondents were house wives. Educational status of respondents shows that 79 (30.2%) had primary education. Only 69 (26.3%) of respondents were found using temporary family planning methods 91 (34.7%) and unwanted pregnancy. Depo-Provera and implant were found common among family planning users. The main reason for inadequate birth spacing was hope for male child 184 (70.2%), however, 212 (20.9%) respondents also said that adequate birth spacing is determined to maintain health of the mother and child. Key words: Birth spacing, determinants, family planning, married women of reproductive age
{"title":"Birth Spacing in Deurali VDC of Kaski district of Nepal","authors":"P. Lama, Rojana Dhakal","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.20","url":null,"abstract":"Birth spacing is the interval that the couples maintain between two successive children. World Health Organization (WHO) and other international organizations recommend that individuals and couples should wait for at least 3-5 years between births in order to reduce the risk of adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Having children too close together has long been associated with increased risk of various adverse health outcomes, including mortality, for infants, children and mothers. But in developing countries women are giving birth to children in short gap which is causing infant, child and maternal mortality. The main objective of the study is to assess the determinants of birth spacing. A cross sectional study was carried out in Deurali VDC of Kaski. The study population comprised of married women of reproductive age having at least one child. The data was collected by using semi structured interview schedules and collected data were entered in Epi-data and analyzed using SPSS. The total sample was 262, among them most of the 130 (49.6%) respondents were >30 years old while 13 (5%) of respondents were <20 years old. The minimum age was 15 and maximum age was 45 years. The mean ± SD of age of the respondents was 31.65±7.144 years. Majority 231 (88.2%) of respondents were Hindu and 123 (48%) were of upper caste. Majority of 151 (57.6%) respondents lived in joint family and 158 (60.3%) of respondents were house wives. Educational status of respondents shows that 79 (30.2%) had primary education. Only 69 (26.3%) of respondents were found using temporary family planning methods 91 (34.7%) and unwanted pregnancy. Depo-Provera and implant were found common among family planning users. The main reason for inadequate birth spacing was hope for male child 184 (70.2%), however, 212 (20.9%) respondents also said that adequate birth spacing is determined to maintain health of the mother and child. \u0000 Key words: Birth spacing, determinants, family planning, married women of reproductive age","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84426821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Education is increasingly put forth as a means of empowering women in developing countries, such as Nepal. Grounded on intra-household gender dynamics literature, empowerment in this paper is conceptualized as the decision-making ability of a woman regarding health care. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of education level as a means of improving women’s intra-household bargaining power in the spheres of health care. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to July 2013 among 300 married women of three districts in Gandaki Province of Nepal. The sample was selected in three stages, first stage being the selection of districts, second, being the village development committees and third being women. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the effect of women’s education on decision making on health care. The study reveals education level has a positive and significant effect on women’s decision making on health care. Overall, this study highlights the need for efforts to educate Nepalese girls in terms of higher schooling and associated beneficial welfare effects. Key words: Health care, women’s education, decision making, Gandaki Province, Nepal.
{"title":"Role of Education in Health Care Decision Making in Nepal: Evidences from a Cross-Sectional Survey","authors":"D. Paudel","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.7","url":null,"abstract":"Education is increasingly put forth as a means of empowering women in developing countries, such as Nepal. Grounded on intra-household gender dynamics literature, empowerment in this paper is conceptualized as the decision-making ability of a woman regarding health care. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of education level as a means of improving women’s intra-household bargaining power in the spheres of health care. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to July 2013 among 300 married women of three districts in Gandaki Province of Nepal. The sample was selected in three stages, first stage being the selection of districts, second, being the village development committees and third being women. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the effect of women’s education on decision making on health care. The study reveals education level has a positive and significant effect on women’s decision making on health care. Overall, this study highlights the need for efforts to educate Nepalese girls in terms of higher schooling and associated beneficial welfare effects. \u0000 Key words: Health care, women’s education, decision making, Gandaki Province, Nepal.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86586963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Malla, R. Adhikari, Ram JeewanYadav, Achyut Nepal, B. Neupane
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a broadly studied bioceramic for biomedical implant and bone tissue regeneration. Despite this, it is a good adsorbent of heavy metal ions. Its chemical formula is Ca10 (PO4)6(OH) 2. It was extracted by the calcination process from Ostrich bone. The obtained HAp was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and was used for removal of lead (II) ion from aqueous solutions. A series of experiments were conducted in order to determine the effects of pH, contact time and sorbent dosage in a optimize condition for maximum adsorption. The results showed that the removal efficiency of Pb (II) ions reached 99.04% with an initial concentration of 50 mgL1 , pH range; 3 to7 and 1 hour contact time. The adsorption rate of Pb (II) ions onto the HAp was found incredibly fast and equilibrium was reached within 5 minute. Within this time 72.32% of lead (II) ions were removed. The equilibrium removal process of Pb (II) ions at pH range 4.5-5.5 were well described by the Langmuir isotherm model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 430.7 mg/g. Key words: Ostrich bone, hydroxyapatite, calcinations, adsorption, Pb (II) ion, pH.
{"title":"Removal of lead (II) ions from aqueous solution by Hydroxyapatite biosorbent extracted from Ostrich bone","authors":"K. Malla, R. Adhikari, Ram JeewanYadav, Achyut Nepal, B. Neupane","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.19","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a broadly studied bioceramic for biomedical implant and bone tissue regeneration. Despite this, it is a good adsorbent of heavy metal ions. Its chemical formula is Ca10 (PO4)6(OH) 2. It was extracted by the calcination process from Ostrich bone. The obtained HAp was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and was used for removal of lead (II) ion from aqueous solutions. A series of experiments were conducted in order to determine the effects of pH, contact time and sorbent dosage in a optimize condition for maximum adsorption. The results showed that the removal efficiency of Pb (II) ions reached 99.04% with an initial concentration of 50 mgL1 , pH range; 3 to7 and 1 hour contact time. The adsorption rate of Pb (II) ions onto the HAp was found incredibly fast and equilibrium was reached within 5 minute. Within this time 72.32% of lead (II) ions were removed. The equilibrium removal process of Pb (II) ions at pH range 4.5-5.5 were well described by the Langmuir isotherm model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 430.7 mg/g. Key words: Ostrich bone, hydroxyapatite, calcinations, adsorption, Pb (II) ion, pH.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80595885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gender may play important role on routes of transmission and care seeking of HIV among HIV infected individuals. The objective of the study was to assess gender difference on routes of transmission and care seeking of HIV among HIV infected individuals attending National Public Health Laboratory in Kathmandu, Nepal for CD4 T cell count. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1945 HIV infected people attending for CD4 Tcell count from March, 2005 to December 2008. Of total, 65.6% were males and dominant age group was 20-39 years (78.0%). Median age of the study population was 30, of males 31 and of females 29 years. The dominant routes of transmission were injecting drug-use (41.0%) and commercial sex (36.9%). Males were more likely to report IDU (60.4% versus 4.2%) while females were more likely to report CSW (46% versus 32%) as their routes of transmission. Regarding sex with partner, 42.7% of females and 2.1% of males had reported the acquisition of the infection through their spouses or regular sex partners. Forty percent participants had attended for CD4 T cell count within 12 months since the diagnosis of HIV. Females had attended earlier than males (44% versus 37%) for CD4 T cell count within one year of diagnosis. More males had CD4 T cell counts <200/µl (42.3 % versus 34.7%). The difference on age; routes of transmission , arrival time for CD4 T cell count since the diagnosis of HIV and CD4 T cell count were significant with the sex of participants. Major route of transmission was injecting drug use among males and commercial sex among females. Females were younger, attended earlier for CD4 T cell count and had better immunological status. Gender should be considered in control measures of HIV in Nepal. Key words: Gender prospective, routes of transmission of HIV, care seeking, CD4 T cell count
{"title":"Gender Prospective: Routes of Transmission and Care Seeking of HIV among HIV Infected Individuals Attending for CD4 T Cell Count in Kathmandu, Nepal","authors":"B. Sharma, B. Tiwari, P. Ghimire, S. Malla","doi":"10.37107/jhas.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.41","url":null,"abstract":"Gender may play important role on routes of transmission and care seeking of HIV among HIV infected individuals. The objective of the study was to assess gender difference on routes of transmission and care seeking of HIV among HIV infected individuals attending National Public Health Laboratory in Kathmandu, Nepal for CD4 T cell count. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1945 HIV infected people attending for CD4 Tcell count from March, 2005 to December 2008. Of total, 65.6% were males and dominant age group was 20-39 years (78.0%). Median age of the study population was 30, of males 31 and of females 29 years. The dominant routes of transmission were injecting drug-use (41.0%) and commercial sex (36.9%). Males were more likely to report IDU (60.4% versus 4.2%) while females were more likely to report CSW (46% versus 32%) as their routes of transmission. Regarding sex with partner, 42.7% of females and 2.1% of males had reported the acquisition of the infection through their spouses or regular sex partners. Forty percent participants had attended for CD4 T cell count within 12 months since the diagnosis of HIV. Females had attended earlier than males (44% versus 37%) for CD4 T cell count within one year of diagnosis. More males had CD4 T cell counts <200/µl (42.3 % versus 34.7%). The difference on age; routes of transmission , arrival time for CD4 T cell count since the diagnosis of HIV and CD4 T cell count were significant with the sex of participants. Major route of transmission was injecting drug use among males and commercial sex among females. Females were younger, attended earlier for CD4 T cell count and had better immunological status. Gender should be considered in control measures of HIV in Nepal. \u0000Key words: Gender prospective, routes of transmission of HIV, care seeking, CD4 T cell count","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76732825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Children and adolescents are more prone to developing Post Traumatic Stress Disorders. Objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and associated factors among secondary level students in Chautara Municipality, Nepal. A cross sectional study was conducted among 249 secondary level students. Data were collected using population proportionate sampling method along with UCLA PTSD RI with 31 questionnaires DSM V tool was used to assess the PTSD symptom. Questionnaire was design to obtain socio demographic factor and earthquake exposure. Factor associated with PTSD development was assessed through chi square and binary logistic regression. Mean age of respondents was 15.42±1.079 years. Majority of them were middle adolescents (74.3%) and 25.7 percent were early adolescents. More than half of respondents were female 54.6 percent. This study revealed that PTSD was found to be among 27(10.8%) respondents and dissociative subtype PTSD was among 14(5.6%) respondents. Age was significantly associated with development of PTSD. Earthquake exposures like financial constraints after earthquake food deficiency displacement due to earthquake was the major factors associated with PTSD development. Psychological tutorship for PTSD is found to be protective factors for PTSD development in adolescents. PTSD was quite high among the secondary level students after six month of earthquake in Chautara municipality, Sindupalchwok district and psychological tutorship and humanitarian program for traumatized students could prevent development of PTSD. Key words: Post traumatic stress disorder; Associated factors; Earthquake; Secondary levels students
{"title":"Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and It’s Associated Factors among Secondary Level Students in Chautara Municipality, Nepal","authors":"Trima Gurung, D. Paneru","doi":"10.37107/jhas.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.38","url":null,"abstract":"Children and adolescents are more prone to developing Post Traumatic Stress Disorders. Objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and associated factors among secondary level students in Chautara Municipality, Nepal. A cross sectional study was conducted among 249 secondary level students. Data were collected using population proportionate sampling method along with UCLA PTSD RI with 31 questionnaires DSM V tool was used to assess the PTSD symptom. Questionnaire was design to obtain socio demographic factor and earthquake exposure. Factor associated with PTSD development was assessed through chi square and binary logistic regression. Mean age of respondents was 15.42±1.079 years. Majority of them were middle adolescents (74.3%) and 25.7 percent were early adolescents. More than half of respondents were female 54.6 percent. This study revealed that PTSD was found to be among 27(10.8%) respondents and dissociative subtype PTSD was among 14(5.6%) respondents. Age was significantly associated with development of PTSD. Earthquake exposures like financial constraints after earthquake food deficiency displacement due to earthquake was the major factors associated with PTSD development. Psychological tutorship for PTSD is found to be protective factors for PTSD development in adolescents. PTSD was quite high among the secondary level students after six month of earthquake in Chautara municipality, Sindupalchwok district and psychological tutorship and humanitarian program for traumatized students could prevent development of PTSD. \u0000Key words: Post traumatic stress disorder; Associated factors; Earthquake; Secondary levels students","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78209448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：