Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.09.002
{"title":"Agenda","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39666,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatrie de l''Enfance et de l''Adolescence","volume":"73 6","pages":"Pages 358-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-08-07DOI: 10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.03.011
M. Perrier Genas , J. Boutinaud
Objectives
The article presents the genesis, functioning and content of the GAPPEA grid (Grille Alternative Psychomotricité Environnement Affectivité – Alternative Psychomotricity Environment Affectivity Grid), which was devised based on needs encountered in clinical practice in CAMSPs when dealing with premature babies and their families. It responds to the need to develop a new and original tool used by psychomotricians to guide and refine their clinical observations in this field.
Patients and methods
The grid takes up and puts to work preliminary studies on cohorts of 8-month-old babies, but it also involves the networking of several dozen psychomotricians around its use. It is based on a quantitative and qualitative approach.
Results
The grid was constructed as a guide for observing specific elements exploring different areas in terms of psychomotricity and is divided into five areas of observation (first observations, the baby's psychomotor discoveries, parent/child interaction and links, the baby's response to the psychomotrician's requests, links between the clinician and the family) with specific items presented in detail for each area. It gives pride of place to issues relating to parents.
Discussion
In terms of its experimental use, the grid is original in relation to existing supports and is adapted to the needs of psychomotricians working in this clinical field. The positive feedback received from professionals who have used it testifies to its usefulness.
Conclusions
The genesis and initial uses of GAPPEA suggest that it should be used in new ways in the field of clinical approaches to babies. Putting it to the test in new ways will also allow it to be transformed and even calibrated later.
{"title":"Aux origines de la Grille Alternative Psychomotricité Prématurité Environnement Affectivité (GAPPEA) : une démarche de recherche clinique","authors":"M. Perrier Genas , J. Boutinaud","doi":"10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The article presents the genesis, functioning and content of the GAPPEA grid (Grille Alternative Psychomotricité Environnement Affectivité – Alternative Psychomotricity Environment Affectivity Grid), which was devised based on needs encountered in clinical practice in CAMSPs when dealing with premature babies and their families. It responds to the need to develop a new and original tool used by psychomotricians to guide and refine their clinical observations in this field.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>The grid takes up and puts to work preliminary studies on cohorts of 8-month-old babies, but it also involves the networking of several dozen psychomotricians around its use. It is based on a quantitative and qualitative approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The grid was constructed as a guide for observing specific elements exploring different areas in terms of psychomotricity and is divided into five areas of observation (first observations, the baby's psychomotor discoveries, parent/child interaction and links, the baby's response to the psychomotrician's requests, links between the clinician and the family) with specific items presented in detail for each area. It gives pride of place to issues relating to parents.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>In terms of its experimental use, the grid is original in relation to existing supports and is adapted to the needs of psychomotricians working in this clinical field. The positive feedback received from professionals who have used it testifies to its usefulness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The genesis and initial uses of GAPPEA suggest that it should be used in new ways in the field of clinical approaches to babies. Putting it to the test in new ways will also allow it to be transformed and even calibrated later.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39666,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatrie de l''Enfance et de l''Adolescence","volume":"73 5","pages":"Pages 258-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.06.004
Y. Gansel
{"title":"","authors":"Y. Gansel","doi":"10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39666,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatrie de l''Enfance et de l''Adolescence","volume":"73 5","pages":"Pages 295-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.08.002
{"title":"Agenda","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39666,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatrie de l''Enfance et de l''Adolescence","volume":"73 5","pages":"Pages 297-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-08-07DOI: 10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.07.002
M. Perrier Genas , J. Boutinaud
Objectives
This article presents an implementation of the GAPPEA grid (Grille Alternative Psychomotricité Environnement Affectivité–Alternative Psychomotor Environment Affectivity Grid), based on the needs encountered in clinical practice in CAMSP with regards to babies born prematurely and their families.
Patients and method
The grid was tested on a cohort of 81 8-month-old babies (8 months of age, real or corrected, including premature babies) involving the networking of several dozen psychomotor therapists around its use.
Results
In addition to the feedback received from the psychomotricians who took part in the study and who emphasised the points of interest, the use of the grid made it possible to specify certain particularities and weaknesses in the psychomotor development of premature babies (sensory irritability, prevalence of hyper-extension patterns, undesirable effects of sitting, etc.) as well as their impact on the psychomotor development of premature babies. It also defined their impact on interactions with parents (which were measured here via their effects on carrying, feeding, play and communication).
Discussion
In light of this experiment, the use of the grid enabled an in-depth clinical reading of the potential and difficulties of the babies concerned, facilitating better identification of certain clinical signs and their issues. It also defined precise indications for thinking about their care and guiding parents on very concrete aspects.
Conclusions
The use of the grid in this context underlines the relevance of its handling, thus opens the possibility of diversifying its use and improving it in the future through other research by using it as a support. It offers a practical and useful tool for psychomotricians in their assessment and care activities in the field of therapeutic support for babies and their parents.
{"title":"Mise à l’épreuve de la Grille Alternative Psychomotricité Prématurité Environnement Affectivité (GAPPEA) via la clinique de la prématurité","authors":"M. Perrier Genas , J. Boutinaud","doi":"10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This article presents an implementation of the GAPPEA grid (Grille Alternative Psychomotricité Environnement Affectivité–Alternative Psychomotor Environment Affectivity Grid), based on the needs encountered in clinical practice in CAMSP with regards to babies born prematurely and their families.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and method</h3><div>The grid was tested on a cohort of 81 8-month-old babies (8 months of age, real or corrected, including premature babies) involving the networking of several dozen psychomotor therapists around its use.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In addition to the feedback received from the psychomotricians who took part in the study and who emphasised the points of interest, the use of the grid made it possible to specify certain particularities and weaknesses in the psychomotor development of premature babies (sensory irritability, prevalence of hyper-extension patterns, undesirable effects of sitting, etc.) as well as their impact on the psychomotor development of premature babies. It also defined their impact on interactions with parents (which were measured here via their effects on carrying, feeding, play and communication).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>In light of this experiment, the use of the grid enabled an in-depth clinical reading of the potential and difficulties of the babies concerned, facilitating better identification of certain clinical signs and their issues. It also defined precise indications for thinking about their care and guiding parents on very concrete aspects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The use of the grid in this context underlines the relevance of its handling, thus opens the possibility of diversifying its use and improving it in the future through other research by using it as a support. It offers a practical and useful tool for psychomotricians in their assessment and care activities in the field of therapeutic support for babies and their parents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39666,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatrie de l''Enfance et de l''Adolescence","volume":"73 5","pages":"Pages 266-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-04-25DOI: 10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.03.005
A. Vachez-Gatecel , F. de Sainte Maréville
Because it is within the possibility of caring for others, touch is at the very basis of ethics. It is central to the work of touch professionals, especially when dealing with children and adolescents in the field of child psychiatry. Questions are raised daily, and post-coup work becomes necessary because of the ambivalence and confusion surrounding this sense. This article focuses on the practice of psychomotricians. Their experience is invaluable in establishing a therapeutic and ethical framework for achieving the right distance between carer and cared-for. Two clinical vignettes illustrate this practice regarding touch but not without first addressing the historical-medical-philosophical dimension of this sense. Psychomotricians draw on the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty, among others. Merleau-Ponty's thinking is based on touch, the sense of mediation between the surface and depth of being, but also on the paradigm of our relationship with the world, which is highlighted by the experience of touching–touched. It is only through rigorous elaboration and reflection that the use of touch in child psychiatry, whatever the pathological difficulties, can be therapeutic: containing and enveloping without embracing, exciting or coercing…
{"title":"Éthique du toucher en psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent : dialectique entre théorie et pratique","authors":"A. Vachez-Gatecel , F. de Sainte Maréville","doi":"10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Because it is within the possibility of caring for others, touch is at the very basis of ethics. It is central to the work of touch professionals, especially when dealing with children and adolescents in the field of child psychiatry. Questions are raised daily, and post-coup work becomes necessary because of the ambivalence and confusion surrounding this sense. This article focuses on the practice of psychomotricians. Their experience is invaluable in establishing a therapeutic and ethical framework for achieving the right distance between carer and cared-for. Two clinical vignettes illustrate this practice regarding touch but not without first addressing the historical-medical-philosophical dimension of this sense. Psychomotricians draw on the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty, among others. Merleau-Ponty's thinking is based on touch, the sense of mediation between the surface and depth of being, but also on the paradigm of our relationship with the world, which is highlighted by the experience of touching–touched. It is only through rigorous elaboration and reflection that the use of touch in child psychiatry, whatever the pathological difficulties, can be therapeutic: containing and enveloping without embracing, exciting or coercing…</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39666,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatrie de l''Enfance et de l''Adolescence","volume":"73 6","pages":"Pages 322-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.09.003
N. Catheline, L. Gicquel
{"title":"Retrait scolaire : deux mots pour rassembler, comprendre et agir","authors":"N. Catheline, L. Gicquel","doi":"10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39666,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatrie de l''Enfance et de l''Adolescence","volume":"73 6","pages":"Pages 301-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.06.002
A. Joffroy-Frixons , P. Colas , K. Abed , M. Gruel , M. Habib
The so-called Non-Verbal Learning Disabilities (NVLD) syndrome is a type of learning disorder that is frequently discussed in clinical, educational, and community contexts, particularly in Anglo-Saxon countries and Quebec. However, its nosographic identity remains undefined, which hinders the early identification of affected children and adolescents and consequently delays diagnosis and the implementation of appropriate intervention protocols. In France, the term is gradually gaining recognition among professionals involved in learning disorders, while its specific impacts on daily, academic, and social life are also becoming more acknowledged. This article has three main objectives: 1/to provide an overview of current knowledge regarding the presentation and mechanisms of the disorder through a brief literature review focused on recent publications, including two meta-analyses and a summary of the few neuroimaging studies dedicated to it; 2/to address ongoing questions regarding the clinical reality of the disorder and its classification among learning disabilities and, more broadly, neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) by analyzing a cohort of 89 patients recently admitted to the Résodys center which is specialized in the care of severe learning disorders in the PACA region of France; 3/finally, in light of these findings, to examine the relevance of a new set of diagnostic criteria for clinicians, adopting a dimensional rather than categorical approach to better support affected children and adolescents. We thus propose a new perspective on this syndrome—one that no longer focuses on deviation from the norm but rather on two key observations: the multiplicity of moderately or partially affected cognitive domains, and the intra-individual performance discrepancies among these domains, particularly verbal and nonverbal. From this standpoint, our clinical experience diverges from a portion of the recent literature that equates NVLD with visuospatial disorder. More than an isolated cognitive deficit, the hallmark of this syndrome seems to lie in the coexistence of subtle impairments across several domains—even at a subclinical level. Though still limited, neuroimaging data tend to support the hypothesis of impaired connectivity among neural networks that jointly contribute to several of the cognitive functions involved.
{"title":"Le syndrome de dysfonctions non verbales (SDNV) : actualisation des connaissances et analyse d’une cohorte de 89 patients traités dans le centre expert Resodys","authors":"A. Joffroy-Frixons , P. Colas , K. Abed , M. Gruel , M. Habib","doi":"10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The so-called Non-Verbal Learning Disabilities (NVLD) syndrome is a type of learning disorder that is frequently discussed in clinical, educational, and community contexts, particularly in Anglo-Saxon countries and Quebec. However, its nosographic identity remains undefined, which hinders the early identification of affected children and adolescents and consequently delays diagnosis and the implementation of appropriate intervention protocols. In France, the term is gradually gaining recognition among professionals involved in learning disorders, while its specific impacts on daily, academic, and social life are also becoming more acknowledged. This article has three main objectives: 1/to provide an overview of current knowledge regarding the presentation and mechanisms of the disorder through a brief literature review focused on recent publications, including two meta-analyses and a summary of the few neuroimaging studies dedicated to it; 2/to address ongoing questions regarding the clinical reality of the disorder and its classification among learning disabilities and, more broadly, neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) by analyzing a cohort of 89 patients recently admitted to the Résodys center which is specialized in the care of severe learning disorders in the PACA region of France; 3/finally, in light of these findings, to examine the relevance of a new set of diagnostic criteria for clinicians, adopting a dimensional rather than categorical approach to better support affected children and adolescents. We thus propose a new perspective on this syndrome—one that no longer focuses on deviation from the norm but rather on two key observations: the multiplicity of moderately or partially affected cognitive domains, and the intra-individual performance discrepancies among these domains, particularly verbal and nonverbal. From this standpoint, our clinical experience diverges from a portion of the recent literature that equates NVLD with visuospatial disorder. More than an isolated cognitive deficit, the hallmark of this syndrome seems to lie in the coexistence of subtle impairments across several domains—even at a subclinical level. Though still limited, neuroimaging data tend to support the hypothesis of impaired connectivity among neural networks that jointly contribute to several of the cognitive functions involved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39666,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatrie de l''Enfance et de l''Adolescence","volume":"73 6","pages":"Pages 304-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-05-06DOI: 10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.04.002
X. Benarous , C. Hanin , D. Cohen
Objectives
This article examines how relational aspects contribute to the effectiveness of prescribing psychotropic drugs to children and adolescents. This psychological component is often referred to as the “placebo effect” or “non-specific effects” in clinical research.
Method
This narrative review synthesizes data from epidemiological studies, clinical trials, and experimental psychology regarding the relational factors that influence response levels to psychotropic medications in the pediatric population.
Results
The literature findings have been integrated into a theoretical model inspired by systems theory and developmental psychology. This interactionist model emphasizes the connections between the pre-existing perceptions of medication held by parents and children, and how these perceptions influence their beliefs and attitudes toward medication.
Discussion
Representations of medication are shaped by developmental issues and parental life experiences. These factors can be addressed during consultations to mitigate their effects. The prescriber has a crucial role in acknowledging these representations and assisting in their interpretation. Clinical examples are provided to illustrate how these representations manifest during treatment.
Conclusions
Guidelines for best practices must consider the significance of relational factors at every stage of prescribing psychotropic medications to children and adolescents to optimize their therapeutic effects.
{"title":"Aspects relationnels impliqués dans l’efficacité des psychotropes chez l’enfant et l’adolescent : modèles théoriques, illustrations cliniques, recommandations","authors":"X. Benarous , C. Hanin , D. Cohen","doi":"10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This article examines how relational aspects contribute to the effectiveness of prescribing psychotropic drugs to children and adolescents. This psychological component is often referred to as the “placebo effect” or “non-specific effects” in clinical research.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This narrative review synthesizes data from epidemiological studies, clinical trials, and experimental psychology regarding the relational factors that influence response levels to psychotropic medications in the pediatric population.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The literature findings have been integrated into a theoretical model inspired by systems theory and developmental psychology. This interactionist model emphasizes the connections between the pre-existing perceptions of medication held by parents and children, and how these perceptions influence their beliefs and attitudes toward medication.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Representations of medication are shaped by developmental issues and parental life experiences. These factors can be addressed during consultations to mitigate their effects. The prescriber has a crucial role in acknowledging these representations and assisting in their interpretation. Clinical examples are provided to illustrate how these representations manifest during treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Guidelines for best practices must consider the significance of relational factors at every stage of prescribing psychotropic medications to children and adolescents to optimize their therapeutic effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39666,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatrie de l''Enfance et de l''Adolescence","volume":"73 6","pages":"Pages 328-335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1016/j.neurenf.2025.05.004
D. Tiberghien , M. Caire
<div><div>Au XIX<sup>e</sup> siècle, Louis Delasiauve (1804–1893), Auguste Voisin (1829–1898), Paul Moreau de Tours (1844–1908), Désiré-Magloire Bourneville (1840–1909) furent de ceux qui, parmi les aliénistes, ont les premiers porté un intérêt aux troubles mentaux chez l’enfant, bien avant que ne naisse la psychiatrie de l’enfant, en 1937. Justine Tobolowska est dans ce domaine l’une des premières et principales pionnières, en un temps où la médecine s’ouvre peu à peu aux femmes. Née le 10 février 1875 à Varsovie du temps de la Pologne russe, elle s’expatrie en France en 1893 et débute ses études de médecine à Paris l’année suivante. Successivement externe des hôpitaux de Paris (1895–1897) et interne provisoire des asiles d’aliénés de la Seine (1898), elle soutient en 1900 sa thèse de doctorat consacrée aux illusions dans les rêves. Après quelques publications avec Eugène-Bernard Leroy (1871–1932), elle s’oriente vers la psychiatrie infantile par sa rencontre avec André Collin (1879–1926), fondateur de la psychopédiatrie (1924), une spécialité éphémère assimilée par la suite à la neuropsychiatrie infantile. Dans les années 1920, J. Tobolowska exerce avec lui au dispensaire de la rue de Jouy, à Paris. En 1924, elle est sa collaboratrice dans un centre de psychopédiatrie installé dans une école publique de la ville de Suresnes. Dans les années 1930, elle assure aussi des consultations de neuropsychiatrie à l’Institut de prophylaxie de Paris fondé par Arthur Vernes (1879–1976), le futur <em>Institut Vernes</em>. Les quelques publications qu’elle nous a laissées la montrent avant tout clinicienne, où la question du développement de l’enfant a toute son importance, comme l’enseignait A. Collin. Au regard de son parcours médical et de sa collaboration avec A. Collin, J. Tobolowska apparaît ainsi la première femme psychiatre de l’enfant et de l’adolescent. Féministe en herbe, elle décède le 12 septembre 1937 à Bayonne, probablement dans les suites d’une intervention chirurgicale. Elle a 62 ans.</div></div><div><div>At the end of the 19th century the medical profession was still considered to be a man's job. During that century, Louis Delasiauve (1804–1893), Paul Moreau de Tours (1844–1908), Auguste Voisin (1829–1898), and Désiré-Magloire Bourneville (1840–1909) were adult alienists; they were nevertheless interested in mental disorders in children even before the birth of child psychiatry (1937). Justine Tobolowska (1875–1937) was born on 10 February 10, 1875, in Warsaw during the time of Russian Poland. In 1893, she arrived alone in France having come to Paris to study medicine. Her father was a doctor and had remained in Warsaw with his wife and his two other children. In 1894, she passed the externat examination at the Paris hospitals. Between 1895 and 1897 she received master's degrees in neurology and psychiatry with the topics being : Gilbert Ballet (1853–1916), Philippe Chaslin (1857–1923), and Gaston Deny (1947–1923). Her pediatric master's deg
在19世纪，Louis Delasiauve (1804 - 1893), Auguste Voisin (1829 - 1898), Paul Moreau de Tours (1844 - 1908), Desire -Magloire Bourneville（1840 - 1909）是最早引起人们对儿童精神疾病兴趣的精神病学家，早在1937年儿童精神病学出现之前。贾斯汀·托博洛夫斯卡（Justine Tobolowska）是这一领域的早期和主要先驱之一，当时医学正逐渐向女性开放。她于1875年2月10日出生于俄罗斯波兰统治时期的华沙，1893年移居法国，次年在巴黎开始学医。她先后在巴黎医院（1895 - 1897年）和塞纳河精神病患者收容所（1898年）担任外部人员，1900年，她完成了关于梦中的幻觉的博士论文。在与尤金-伯纳德·勒罗伊（Eugene -Bernard Leroy， 1871年- 1932年）发表了几篇论文后，她通过与安德烈·科林（Andre Collin， 1879年- 1926年）的接触，转向了儿童精神病学，后者是精神病学（1924年）的创始人，这是一个短暂的专业，后来被纳入儿童神经精神病学。20世纪20年代，J. Tobolowska和他一起在巴黎Jouy街的药房工作。1924年，她在苏雷内斯市一所公立学校的精神病学中心与他合作。20世纪30年代，她还在巴黎的预防研究所（Institue de preparylaxie）担任神经精神病学顾问，该研究所由阿瑟·凡尔纳（Arthur Vernes, 1879 - 1976）创立，后来更名为凡尔纳研究所。她留下的为数不多的出版物表明，她首先是一名临床医生，正如a . Collin所教导的那样，儿童发展的问题非常重要。考虑到她的医疗记录以及她与A. Collin的合作，J. Tobolowska成为第一位女性儿童和青少年精神病学家。她是一名女权主义者，1937年9月12日在巴永去世，可能是由于手术。在19世纪末，医学职业仍然被认为是男性的工作。在那个世纪，Louis Delasiauve (1804 - 1893), Paul Moreau de Tours (1844 - 1908), Auguste Voisin（1829 - 1898）和Desire -Magloire Bourneville（1840 - 1909）是成年的外星人；尽管如此，他们还是对儿童精神障碍感兴趣，甚至在儿童精神病学诞生之前（1937年）。Justine Tobolowska（1875 - 1937）于1875年2月10日出生在俄罗斯波兰时期的华沙。1893年，她独自来到法国，来到巴黎学医。她的父亲是一名医生，与妻子和另外两个孩子留在华沙。1894年，她通过了巴黎医院的外部检查。1895年至1897年间，她获得了神经学和精神病学的硕士学位，主题包括：吉尔伯特芭蕾舞团（1853 - 1916）、菲利普·查斯林（1857 - 1923）和加斯顿·丹尼（1947 - 1923）。她的儿科硕士学位的主题是朱尔斯·科姆比（1853 - 1947）和加斯顿·瓦里奥（1855 - 1930）。1898年，她成为塞纳河疯人院的临时居民。两年后，她发表了关于梦中的幻觉的论文。从1900年到1906年，她在Salpetriere临终关怀医院工作，去年她申请了英国国籍。1901年和1902年，她与尤金-伯纳德·勒罗伊（Eugene -Bernard Leroy）发表了两篇关于梦的论文，之后她转向了儿童精神病学；他们从幻觉出现的心理条件以及它们与同时出现的想法和梦的过程的关系的角度来研究幻觉。1910年至1915年间，托博洛夫斯卡向《正常与病理心理学杂志》（Journal de Psychologie Normale et Pathologiae）提交了许多书评，在这些书评中，她展示了自己对儿童心理学和教育学的兴趣。她和Andre Collin（1879 - 1926）一起接受了精神病学的训练，这是一个短命的专业，后来被称为儿童神经精神病学。她在Leopold -Robert街7号（巴黎，第14区）开了一家诊所。1924年，她与a·科林（A. Collin）在苏雷内斯镇一所公立学校（朱尔斯·费里学校）建立的儿科心理学中心工作，在那里，她被错误地指控在未经父母同意的情况下对待儿童。20世纪30年代，她还在阿瑟·凡尔纳（Arthur Vernes, 1879 - 1976）创立的巴黎预防研究所（Institut de Prephylaxie de Paris）提供神经精神病学咨询，该研究所后来成为凡尔纳研究所。她是Societe Clinique de Medecine Mentale（1913年）和放射之友协会（1929年）的通讯成员。她留给我们的为数不多的出版物表明，正如a . Collin所教导的那样，她是第一个也是最重要的临床医生，儿童发展问题是最重要的。从她的医学生涯和与A. Collin的合作，托博洛夫斯卡似乎是第一个通过归化（1906年）成为法国人的外国妇女，她是法国最早的儿童和青少年精神病学家之一。 托博洛斯卡是一位崭露头角的女权主义者，她没有后代，于1937年9月在巴约纳去世，死因可能是在朱尔斯·拉福尔卡德（1865-1942）的私人外科诊所做了一次手术。她享年62岁。
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