Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803619
Peter Ďurana, Tibor Beťko, P. Drgona
This paper deals with issues connected with the application of smart solutions in the field of public lighting. First, a short analysis of the implementation of smart solutions is made and then the problems with power factor and total harmonic distortion are discussed. Next, the research in a real public lighting branch with smart capabilities is described, along with measurements of the most important values. Finally, the recommendations for designing public lighting systems with smart devices are proposed.
{"title":"Analysis of smart applications influence on public lighting systems","authors":"Peter Ďurana, Tibor Beťko, P. Drgona","doi":"10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803619","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with issues connected with the application of smart solutions in the field of public lighting. First, a short analysis of the implementation of smart solutions is made and then the problems with power factor and total harmonic distortion are discussed. Next, the research in a real public lighting branch with smart capabilities is described, along with measurements of the most important values. Finally, the recommendations for designing public lighting systems with smart devices are proposed.","PeriodicalId":396752,"journal":{"name":"2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128177800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803718
A. Ostankov, Artem Nechaev, S. Dachian, T. Demina, A. Faulgaber, Kaungmyat San
It is not easy to provide the specified indicators of the sector directional pattern quality when a linear antenna array is used. This especially concerns the application of the synthesis methods based on the expansion of the pattern into a generalized Fourier series. The reasons for the deterioration of the sector pattern indicators lie in the use of a finite number of basis functions during the synthesis as well as in the limitedness in the space of the amplitude-phase distribution on the array aperture. The purpose of the paper is to show, with the help of the example of an equidistant antenna array, that the use of optimized pre-distortions of the template in the synthesis allows achieving improved indicators of the sector directional pattern. To provide pre-distortion, a template is proposed, one parameter of which determines the width, and another – the degree of smoothness of the pattern top. A small number of template parameters makes it possible, when optimizing it, to abandon the methods of evolutionary search and significantly simplify the synthesis procedure. Specific examples show that the use of optimized pre-distortions of the template allows achieving improved indicators of the sector directional pattern. So, one can significantly reduce the amplitude of front oscillations of the directional pattern top with its slopes remaining as steep as possible, and one can also achieve an exact match of the pattern width to the initially specified sector. The application of the presented synthesis technique makes it possible to design linear antenna arrays, allowing building the sector directional patterns with improved quality indicators.
{"title":"Synthesizing the Sector Directional Pattern with Improved Quality Indicators","authors":"A. Ostankov, Artem Nechaev, S. Dachian, T. Demina, A. Faulgaber, Kaungmyat San","doi":"10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803718","url":null,"abstract":"It is not easy to provide the specified indicators of the sector directional pattern quality when a linear antenna array is used. This especially concerns the application of the synthesis methods based on the expansion of the pattern into a generalized Fourier series. The reasons for the deterioration of the sector pattern indicators lie in the use of a finite number of basis functions during the synthesis as well as in the limitedness in the space of the amplitude-phase distribution on the array aperture. The purpose of the paper is to show, with the help of the example of an equidistant antenna array, that the use of optimized pre-distortions of the template in the synthesis allows achieving improved indicators of the sector directional pattern. To provide pre-distortion, a template is proposed, one parameter of which determines the width, and another – the degree of smoothness of the pattern top. A small number of template parameters makes it possible, when optimizing it, to abandon the methods of evolutionary search and significantly simplify the synthesis procedure. Specific examples show that the use of optimized pre-distortions of the template allows achieving improved indicators of the sector directional pattern. So, one can significantly reduce the amplitude of front oscillations of the directional pattern top with its slopes remaining as steep as possible, and one can also achieve an exact match of the pattern width to the initially specified sector. The application of the presented synthesis technique makes it possible to design linear antenna arrays, allowing building the sector directional patterns with improved quality indicators.","PeriodicalId":396752,"journal":{"name":"2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123585593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803577
Marek Šimčák, M. Frivaldský
This paper gives a brief overview of the LiFePO4 cell technology and why it was selected as the focus of the presented research. Measurements of the charging and discharging processes of a LiFePO4-based electrochemical cell are described to explain how to extract components of the battery equivalent circuit. For the purposes of analyses, the NPB 60Ah cell was selected. After extraction and identification of equivalent scheme components, the simulation analysis has been performed. The results of the output characteristics of the simulation model have been compared with those received by measurements. The comparisons showed high accuracy of received results from simulation analyses.
{"title":"Evaluation of accuracy of simulation model and real electrochemical cell based on LiFePO4 chemistry","authors":"Marek Šimčák, M. Frivaldský","doi":"10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803577","url":null,"abstract":"This paper gives a brief overview of the LiFePO4 cell technology and why it was selected as the focus of the presented research. Measurements of the charging and discharging processes of a LiFePO4-based electrochemical cell are described to explain how to extract components of the battery equivalent circuit. For the purposes of analyses, the NPB 60Ah cell was selected. After extraction and identification of equivalent scheme components, the simulation analysis has been performed. The results of the output characteristics of the simulation model have been compared with those received by measurements. The comparisons showed high accuracy of received results from simulation analyses.","PeriodicalId":396752,"journal":{"name":"2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)","volume":"62 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131776299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803800
S. Matuska, R. Hudec
This paper proposes a functional Internet of Things (IoT) based system design of the Connected University. Under the term connected university, one huge IoT system can be imagined. This massive system includes several different sub-systems, while the end-user will receive information from the system through one common interface (mobile application and web). In our design, we are focusing on system robustness, scalability, and universality. The design is open to adding new services in the future. In the proposed design, we count on these services: a subsystem for indoor navigation, a subsystem for parking assistant, a subsystem for smart classroom or office, and a subsystem for news aggregation from university life.
{"title":"A Functional IoT-based System Design of the Connected University","authors":"S. Matuska, R. Hudec","doi":"10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803800","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a functional Internet of Things (IoT) based system design of the Connected University. Under the term connected university, one huge IoT system can be imagined. This massive system includes several different sub-systems, while the end-user will receive information from the system through one common interface (mobile application and web). In our design, we are focusing on system robustness, scalability, and universality. The design is open to adding new services in the future. In the proposed design, we count on these services: a subsystem for indoor navigation, a subsystem for parking assistant, a subsystem for smart classroom or office, and a subsystem for news aggregation from university life.","PeriodicalId":396752,"journal":{"name":"2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130300437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1109/elektro53996.2022.9803474
M. Labuda, Julia Kafkova, I. Kralikova
This paper describes the construction of an electronic device enabling the sensing of an EMG signal from the sleeve, containing sensors of electro-conductive fabrics, to evaluate muscle activity and fatigue. The proposed system consists of an analog and a digitizing part.
{"title":"Intelligent sleeve prototype for monitoring muscle activity","authors":"M. Labuda, Julia Kafkova, I. Kralikova","doi":"10.1109/elektro53996.2022.9803474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/elektro53996.2022.9803474","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the construction of an electronic device enabling the sensing of an EMG signal from the sleeve, containing sensors of electro-conductive fabrics, to evaluate muscle activity and fatigue. The proposed system consists of an analog and a digitizing part.","PeriodicalId":396752,"journal":{"name":"2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133980744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803475
Veronika Hromadova, P. Kasak, R. Jarina, P. Brida
The lack of technical specifications for mobile phones limits their potential for use in new localization systems based on using audio signal processing. One of the most important parameters is sensitivity to the frequencies used for localization. In this paper, we examine the missing frequency response data of commercially available smartphones. Our main goal was to identify sensitivity in the upper limit of the audible range. We tested 14 smartphones and present the measurements using frequency response curves. The results show that most of the measured mobile phones may also be used in the systems utilizing frequencies above the hearing range.
{"title":"Frequency Response of Smartphones at the Upper Limit of the Audible Range","authors":"Veronika Hromadova, P. Kasak, R. Jarina, P. Brida","doi":"10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803475","url":null,"abstract":"The lack of technical specifications for mobile phones limits their potential for use in new localization systems based on using audio signal processing. One of the most important parameters is sensitivity to the frequencies used for localization. In this paper, we examine the missing frequency response data of commercially available smartphones. Our main goal was to identify sensitivity in the upper limit of the audible range. We tested 14 smartphones and present the measurements using frequency response curves. The results show that most of the measured mobile phones may also be used in the systems utilizing frequencies above the hearing range.","PeriodicalId":396752,"journal":{"name":"2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132322928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803780
Marek Rybárik, P. Braciník, Martina Kajanová
At present, distribution grids are required to become modern and intelligent to be able reliably and efficiently supply customers. This can be done by the application of Smart Grid technologies such as battery systems, electrical vehicles, demand response, renewable energy sources, intelligent metering and much more. The main goal of this paper is to review usage of batteries that reach the end of their first life. These batteries are then referred as second life batteries. They could provide auxiliary services for voltage and frequency regulation. As well as easier integration of RES and electrical vehicles. Battery systems made from second life batteries have a huge potential to improve the efficiency of entire energy system.
{"title":"Overview of the Usability of Second-Life Batteries in Smart Distribution Grids","authors":"Marek Rybárik, P. Braciník, Martina Kajanová","doi":"10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803780","url":null,"abstract":"At present, distribution grids are required to become modern and intelligent to be able reliably and efficiently supply customers. This can be done by the application of Smart Grid technologies such as battery systems, electrical vehicles, demand response, renewable energy sources, intelligent metering and much more. The main goal of this paper is to review usage of batteries that reach the end of their first life. These batteries are then referred as second life batteries. They could provide auxiliary services for voltage and frequency regulation. As well as easier integration of RES and electrical vehicles. Battery systems made from second life batteries have a huge potential to improve the efficiency of entire energy system.","PeriodicalId":396752,"journal":{"name":"2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)","volume":"4 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113942220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803526
Marek Höger, M. Regula, Martina Kajanová, P. Braciník
Nowadays, power systems are facing significant changes, mainly related to the massive implementation of information and communication technologies (ICT). These technologies are enabling completely new possibilities for the power system operation. One of the key elements supporting the ICT development in power systems is the modern power apparatus interconnected with digital protection relays and control terminals, integrated into an intelligent substation control system. However, the building and design of such complex systems do not require only a deep knowledge of all the partial technologies from the future designers, technicians, and their operators. A deep understanding of all the interactions between power apparatus, intelligent control devices, control system, and operators is also needed. The abovementioned development in the power systems requires a redesign of the methods and especially the approach to the education of future graduates of electric power engineering. Future education must be focused on the ability of graduates to combine the knowledge from classic areas in power system engineering with their equivalents in cyberspace. To understand all the specifics of such a complex system, a possibility for students to see all the interactions in a real-world substation is needed. Since it is not often practical, the use of a system as close to reality as possible can be advantageous. Therefore, an integral part of the proposed new approach to education is also the building of a unique laboratory equipped with all the necessary hardware and software tools to provide students with a real hands-on experience with a modern intelligent medium voltage substation and its components.
{"title":"Education Innovation in the Field of Electric Power Engineering Considering New Trends in Power Network Automation and Management","authors":"Marek Höger, M. Regula, Martina Kajanová, P. Braciník","doi":"10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803526","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, power systems are facing significant changes, mainly related to the massive implementation of information and communication technologies (ICT). These technologies are enabling completely new possibilities for the power system operation. One of the key elements supporting the ICT development in power systems is the modern power apparatus interconnected with digital protection relays and control terminals, integrated into an intelligent substation control system. However, the building and design of such complex systems do not require only a deep knowledge of all the partial technologies from the future designers, technicians, and their operators. A deep understanding of all the interactions between power apparatus, intelligent control devices, control system, and operators is also needed. The abovementioned development in the power systems requires a redesign of the methods and especially the approach to the education of future graduates of electric power engineering. Future education must be focused on the ability of graduates to combine the knowledge from classic areas in power system engineering with their equivalents in cyberspace. To understand all the specifics of such a complex system, a possibility for students to see all the interactions in a real-world substation is needed. Since it is not often practical, the use of a system as close to reality as possible can be advantageous. Therefore, an integral part of the proposed new approach to education is also the building of a unique laboratory equipped with all the necessary hardware and software tools to provide students with a real hands-on experience with a modern intelligent medium voltage substation and its components.","PeriodicalId":396752,"journal":{"name":"2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)","volume":"6 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113970818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1109/elektro53996.2022.9803437
Jakub Simcak, M. Frivaldský, M. Praženica
The paper deals with the analysis of the representation of a linear dynamic circuit using state variables and with the design of an algorithm for the systematic formulation of state equations. This algorithm will be subsequently implemented to the application with a graphical user interface in the MATLAB environment. Verification of the formulation of state equations for a given circuit by this algorithm will be performed by comparison of outputs obtained using the application and using the method of real trees.
{"title":"The Algorithm for Systematic Formulation of State-Space Representation of Linear Circuits in the MATLAB Environment","authors":"Jakub Simcak, M. Frivaldský, M. Praženica","doi":"10.1109/elektro53996.2022.9803437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/elektro53996.2022.9803437","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the analysis of the representation of a linear dynamic circuit using state variables and with the design of an algorithm for the systematic formulation of state equations. This algorithm will be subsequently implemented to the application with a graphical user interface in the MATLAB environment. Verification of the formulation of state equations for a given circuit by this algorithm will be performed by comparison of outputs obtained using the application and using the method of real trees.","PeriodicalId":396752,"journal":{"name":"2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114976535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803323
Patrik Procka, S. Borik
The paper focuses on monitoring the cardiovascular system using photoplethysmography imaging. This technique allows the detection of slow and fast changes in skin blood perfusion. Based on the knowledge of previous studies, we present the customized design of the measurement setup, which consists of a light source, specific camera, and reference biosignal amplifier. Our measurement setup allows synchronous recording of image frames with reference signals, such as contact photoplethysmogram and respiration. These signals are an effective tool while handling the camera recorded data, which provide information about skin perfusion resulting from small color intensity changes in recorded images. The perfusion data are subsequently processed together with the synchronously measured contact photoplethysmogram. The algorithm calculates the cross-correlation function between the photoplethysmogram from the biosignal amplifier and signals extracted from recorded frames. We display results in color-coded maps containing the region of interest. The information derived from the measured data represents the blood volume changes. The main goal of the work is to prove the functionality of the proposed measuring setup.
{"title":"System for contactless monitoring of tissue perfusion","authors":"Patrik Procka, S. Borik","doi":"10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803323","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on monitoring the cardiovascular system using photoplethysmography imaging. This technique allows the detection of slow and fast changes in skin blood perfusion. Based on the knowledge of previous studies, we present the customized design of the measurement setup, which consists of a light source, specific camera, and reference biosignal amplifier. Our measurement setup allows synchronous recording of image frames with reference signals, such as contact photoplethysmogram and respiration. These signals are an effective tool while handling the camera recorded data, which provide information about skin perfusion resulting from small color intensity changes in recorded images. The perfusion data are subsequently processed together with the synchronously measured contact photoplethysmogram. The algorithm calculates the cross-correlation function between the photoplethysmogram from the biosignal amplifier and signals extracted from recorded frames. We display results in color-coded maps containing the region of interest. The information derived from the measured data represents the blood volume changes. The main goal of the work is to prove the functionality of the proposed measuring setup.","PeriodicalId":396752,"journal":{"name":"2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128677483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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