Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803688
M. Frivaldský, P. Spánik, M. Pipíška, M. Pavelek
This paper deals with the detailed analysis of the winding losses of power inductors designed for PFC converter. Because the demands on the energy efficiency are continuously rising, the need for electronic components with the best possible performance is a must, whether passive devices are under consideration. In this paper the analysis of the effects affecting the power dissipation in the inductor winding are identified. The relations of this effects are described by the Dowell’s equations, which are used for identification of the value of AC resistance. Consequently, the practical design of the alternatives for PFC inductor are being defined, while evaluation of the winding losses is done, using presented mathematical approach. The results clearly show, how construction of inductor winding is important, when improvements of efficiency performance are under consideration.
{"title":"Analysis of the PFC inductor winding losses for different geometry of wire","authors":"M. Frivaldský, P. Spánik, M. Pipíška, M. Pavelek","doi":"10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803688","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the detailed analysis of the winding losses of power inductors designed for PFC converter. Because the demands on the energy efficiency are continuously rising, the need for electronic components with the best possible performance is a must, whether passive devices are under consideration. In this paper the analysis of the effects affecting the power dissipation in the inductor winding are identified. The relations of this effects are described by the Dowell’s equations, which are used for identification of the value of AC resistance. Consequently, the practical design of the alternatives for PFC inductor are being defined, while evaluation of the winding losses is done, using presented mathematical approach. The results clearly show, how construction of inductor winding is important, when improvements of efficiency performance are under consideration.","PeriodicalId":396752,"journal":{"name":"2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127968090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803347
M. Vidlak, L. Gorel, M. Furmanik, P. Makys
The article proposes the analysis of the advanced PMSM model-based motor control strategies. These strategies are employed to optimize the system performance. The attainable performance was mathematically evaluated under the different methods with constant motor parameters. According to these equations, it is possible to observe how variables, such as current, voltage, apparent power, and power factor, vary with the developed torque under the different advanced control strategies. The model-based methods, specifically, the maximum torque per ampere and the unity power factor, were then selected to be simulated and implemented. The algorithms were experimentally verified on the traction PMSM with a low rotor saliency to clarify the steady state control performance. The model-based methods were tested under various load conditions with currents up to 100 A. However, slight deviations of the observed variables are present in the high currents region due to varying motor parameters.
{"title":"Analysis and comparison of the advanced PMSM model-based motor control strategies","authors":"M. Vidlak, L. Gorel, M. Furmanik, P. Makys","doi":"10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803347","url":null,"abstract":"The article proposes the analysis of the advanced PMSM model-based motor control strategies. These strategies are employed to optimize the system performance. The attainable performance was mathematically evaluated under the different methods with constant motor parameters. According to these equations, it is possible to observe how variables, such as current, voltage, apparent power, and power factor, vary with the developed torque under the different advanced control strategies. The model-based methods, specifically, the maximum torque per ampere and the unity power factor, were then selected to be simulated and implemented. The algorithms were experimentally verified on the traction PMSM with a low rotor saliency to clarify the steady state control performance. The model-based methods were tested under various load conditions with currents up to 100 A. However, slight deviations of the observed variables are present in the high currents region due to varying motor parameters.","PeriodicalId":396752,"journal":{"name":"2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134603469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803500
E. Vasta, Danilo Greco, G. Scelba, M. Cacciato, Massimiliano Maurizio De Benedetti, L. Lanuzza, Otto Eberhardt, Daniele Dugo, Giuseppe Seminara
A battery testing system with software/hardware interface is presented and accurately described in each phase of its realization so as to be easily reproduced in a laboratory as if this paper were a tutorial. Such a system allows to study the charging and discharging behavior of batteries according to customized cycles, by acquiring data such as voltage and current, as well as taking into account the effect of temperature.
{"title":"Design of a battery testing system with software/hardware interface","authors":"E. Vasta, Danilo Greco, G. Scelba, M. Cacciato, Massimiliano Maurizio De Benedetti, L. Lanuzza, Otto Eberhardt, Daniele Dugo, Giuseppe Seminara","doi":"10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803500","url":null,"abstract":"A battery testing system with software/hardware interface is presented and accurately described in each phase of its realization so as to be easily reproduced in a laboratory as if this paper were a tutorial. Such a system allows to study the charging and discharging behavior of batteries according to customized cycles, by acquiring data such as voltage and current, as well as taking into account the effect of temperature.","PeriodicalId":396752,"journal":{"name":"2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131639624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803489
J. Morgoš, K. Hrudkay, Marek Šimčák, J. Skorvaga
This paper deals with the design and tests of the safety and monitoring system of hazardous gases in the laboratory. The most dangerous gases which can be produced by lead-acid batteries or lithium-ion batteries during excessive charging or discharging are precisely monitored and shown on the LCD display. Gases emitted by batteries can be potentially dangerous for human and our system should offer real-time values on the LCD display and offers sound and light alarm for people in the laboratory. The system also supports email notifications for remote management and monitoring of the laboratory during long-term cyclic battery tests since the laboratory is without humans. If a dangerous situation occurs, the light and sound alarm start to warn the human operator and remote operators about this situation. On the LCD and email notifications is clearly highlighted which type of gas or another value caused the alarm situation.
{"title":"Safety system for monitoring of the dangerous gases in electromobility laboratory","authors":"J. Morgoš, K. Hrudkay, Marek Šimčák, J. Skorvaga","doi":"10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803489","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the design and tests of the safety and monitoring system of hazardous gases in the laboratory. The most dangerous gases which can be produced by lead-acid batteries or lithium-ion batteries during excessive charging or discharging are precisely monitored and shown on the LCD display. Gases emitted by batteries can be potentially dangerous for human and our system should offer real-time values on the LCD display and offers sound and light alarm for people in the laboratory. The system also supports email notifications for remote management and monitoring of the laboratory during long-term cyclic battery tests since the laboratory is without humans. If a dangerous situation occurs, the light and sound alarm start to warn the human operator and remote operators about this situation. On the LCD and email notifications is clearly highlighted which type of gas or another value caused the alarm situation.","PeriodicalId":396752,"journal":{"name":"2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131996183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1109/elektro53996.2022.9803535
Michal Mihálik, Branislav Malobický, M. Hruboš, A. Kanáliková
This science work deals with the manufacture and control of a differential mobile chassis for the needs of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping. In the introduction, we present the issue of the SLAM (Simultaneous localization and mapping) algorithm as the way through which we want to implement the production and control of the differential chassis. In the next part, we deal with the implementation of the mobile platform of the future chassis where the configuration of one fixed drive axle was used, with two wheels and one freewheel, which indicates the direction of the chassis. This assembly is managed using the Raspberry Pi platform.
{"title":"Electric three-wheel chassis","authors":"Michal Mihálik, Branislav Malobický, M. Hruboš, A. Kanáliková","doi":"10.1109/elektro53996.2022.9803535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/elektro53996.2022.9803535","url":null,"abstract":"This science work deals with the manufacture and control of a differential mobile chassis for the needs of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping. In the introduction, we present the issue of the SLAM (Simultaneous localization and mapping) algorithm as the way through which we want to implement the production and control of the differential chassis. In the next part, we deal with the implementation of the mobile platform of the future chassis where the configuration of one fixed drive axle was used, with two wheels and one freewheel, which indicates the direction of the chassis. This assembly is managed using the Raspberry Pi platform.","PeriodicalId":396752,"journal":{"name":"2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131360260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1109/elektro53996.2022.9803613
J. Kúdelčík, Peter Hockicko, M. Kúdelčíková
A rotation motion of any object in two dimensions can be divided into two parts: the motion of a center of gravity of the object in a space, and rotational motion with respect to the center of gravity of the object. The velocity and direction of motion of an object can be changed by an external force. One possibility of how to see the influence of forces on its motion is to use a dynamic model. The Tracker program was chosen to solve the dynamic model of the rotational motion of the bicycle wheel. Tracker is a free video analysis and modeling tool built on the Open Source Physics (OSP) Java framework. It is designed to be used in physics education. In the dynamic model there are defined force functions and initial conditions for numerical solution of the ordinary differential equations. In the case of rotation or oscillating motion, the expression of the direction and size of the forces are more complicated and in the Help of program there is no information. The paper deals with the expression of a dynamic model for uniform and accelerated rotation motion and wheel rotation around a fixed axis. A fixed axis means that a motion has only one degree of freedom - angle and this effect makes the rotation motion analysis easier.
{"title":"The application of program Tracker at the analyse of rotation motion","authors":"J. Kúdelčík, Peter Hockicko, M. Kúdelčíková","doi":"10.1109/elektro53996.2022.9803613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/elektro53996.2022.9803613","url":null,"abstract":"A rotation motion of any object in two dimensions can be divided into two parts: the motion of a center of gravity of the object in a space, and rotational motion with respect to the center of gravity of the object. The velocity and direction of motion of an object can be changed by an external force. One possibility of how to see the influence of forces on its motion is to use a dynamic model. The Tracker program was chosen to solve the dynamic model of the rotational motion of the bicycle wheel. Tracker is a free video analysis and modeling tool built on the Open Source Physics (OSP) Java framework. It is designed to be used in physics education. In the dynamic model there are defined force functions and initial conditions for numerical solution of the ordinary differential equations. In the case of rotation or oscillating motion, the expression of the direction and size of the forces are more complicated and in the Help of program there is no information. The paper deals with the expression of a dynamic model for uniform and accelerated rotation motion and wheel rotation around a fixed axis. A fixed axis means that a motion has only one degree of freedom - angle and this effect makes the rotation motion analysis easier.","PeriodicalId":396752,"journal":{"name":"2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115888899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803405
M. Frivaldský, P. Spánik, M. Pipíška
This paper deals with the evaluation of the PFC inductor core losses, while different magnetic core geometry as well as material is being considered. Initially, the most important characteristics and variables of the magnetic properties are given, which are required for proper design and power loss estimation of inductor. Then, comparative analysis related to power loss estimation is provided, while ferrite material in two different shapes is compared with alloy core material. Presented results show how important is proper selection of geometry as well as material of inductor in PFC circuits.
{"title":"Evaluation of the PFC inductor core losses in dependency on magnetic circuit properties","authors":"M. Frivaldský, P. Spánik, M. Pipíška","doi":"10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803405","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the evaluation of the PFC inductor core losses, while different magnetic core geometry as well as material is being considered. Initially, the most important characteristics and variables of the magnetic properties are given, which are required for proper design and power loss estimation of inductor. Then, comparative analysis related to power loss estimation is provided, while ferrite material in two different shapes is compared with alloy core material. Presented results show how important is proper selection of geometry as well as material of inductor in PFC circuits.","PeriodicalId":396752,"journal":{"name":"2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122780262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803395
S. Czapp, H. Tariq
Recent trends in green energy development make that photovoltaics and electric vehicles are applied on an increasing scale. In both photovoltaic and electric vehicle charging installations, a significant value of DC component of the earth fault current may appear, which is a challenge, in particular, for commonly used residual current devices (RCDs). This paper presents results of the laboratory test on the operation of F-type RCDs – a type that is just beginning to appear in low-voltage installations. It has been checked how the tripping threshold of RCDs changes, if a smooth DC component is superimposed on the sinusoidal alternating current. It has been found that the F-type RCDs can operate very well even in the presence of a very high value of DC component.
{"title":"Tripping of F-type RCDs for Sinusoidal Residual Current with Superimposed Smooth DC Component","authors":"S. Czapp, H. Tariq","doi":"10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803395","url":null,"abstract":"Recent trends in green energy development make that photovoltaics and electric vehicles are applied on an increasing scale. In both photovoltaic and electric vehicle charging installations, a significant value of DC component of the earth fault current may appear, which is a challenge, in particular, for commonly used residual current devices (RCDs). This paper presents results of the laboratory test on the operation of F-type RCDs – a type that is just beginning to appear in low-voltage installations. It has been checked how the tripping threshold of RCDs changes, if a smooth DC component is superimposed on the sinusoidal alternating current. It has been found that the F-type RCDs can operate very well even in the presence of a very high value of DC component.","PeriodicalId":396752,"journal":{"name":"2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122750971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803813
Adam Štěch, P. Kamencay, R. Hudec
The purpose of the paper is to present a new functionality that describes an innovative way to automatic video frames selection. We decided to create an algorithm that can automatically build a 3D model from video frames based on our previous experiences. Recent developments in our algorithm led to higher accuracy and time efficiency. Realised experiments confirm that it is not easy to create a 3D model from a video. We use a calibration pad to properly align the individual frames from the video. There are no additional image data producing reference points. We were able to align the pictures and create a 3D model using the reference points. This process is computationally expensive and determines the position of the images in scanning space. There is a lot of number of frames which can cause fail the reconstruction process. Thus, the number of frames must be optimized properly. A big number of images can slow down the reconstruction process, and vice versa, a small number of images may not align the frames correctly. An algorithm have to choose the appropriate amount of photographs. This article is devoted to comparison of two devices (Canon 6D Mark II and iPhone 12 Pro) in order to creating 3D model using Agisoft Metashape.
本文的目的是提出一种新的功能，描述了一种创新的方法来自动选择视频帧。我们决定创建一种算法，可以根据我们以前的经验，从视频帧自动构建3D模型。我们的算法的最新发展导致更高的准确性和时间效率。实现的实验证实，从视频中创建3D模型并不容易。我们使用校准垫来正确地对齐视频中的各个帧。没有额外的图像数据产生参考点。我们能够对齐图片并使用参考点创建一个3D模型。该过程计算成本高，并且确定图像在扫描空间中的位置。在重构过程中，有很多帧可能导致失败。因此，帧数必须合理优化。大量的图像可能会减慢重建过程，反之亦然，少量的图像可能无法正确对齐帧。算法必须选择合适数量的照片。本文致力于比较两种设备(佳能6D Mark II和iPhone 12 Pro)，以便使用Agisoft Metashape创建3D模型。
{"title":"Digitalization and 3D Reconstruction of Object using Photogrammetry","authors":"Adam Štěch, P. Kamencay, R. Hudec","doi":"10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803813","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the paper is to present a new functionality that describes an innovative way to automatic video frames selection. We decided to create an algorithm that can automatically build a 3D model from video frames based on our previous experiences. Recent developments in our algorithm led to higher accuracy and time efficiency. Realised experiments confirm that it is not easy to create a 3D model from a video. We use a calibration pad to properly align the individual frames from the video. There are no additional image data producing reference points. We were able to align the pictures and create a 3D model using the reference points. This process is computationally expensive and determines the position of the images in scanning space. There is a lot of number of frames which can cause fail the reconstruction process. Thus, the number of frames must be optimized properly. A big number of images can slow down the reconstruction process, and vice versa, a small number of images may not align the frames correctly. An algorithm have to choose the appropriate amount of photographs. This article is devoted to comparison of two devices (Canon 6D Mark II and iPhone 12 Pro) in order to creating 3D model using Agisoft Metashape.","PeriodicalId":396752,"journal":{"name":"2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125308511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803409
Dušan Nemec, J. Andel, V. Simák, R. Pirník
This paper discusses the safety of mobile robots and proposes improvements by specific methods of collision avoidance, and by changes of logical architecture or the communication protocol. The proposed architecture is semi-distributed, which allows optimalization of the load balance among components while supporting strict safety rules. Such approach allows development of small-size mobile intelligent robots using low-cost computational hardware.
{"title":"Safety Aspects of the Wheeled Mobile Robot","authors":"Dušan Nemec, J. Andel, V. Simák, R. Pirník","doi":"10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803409","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the safety of mobile robots and proposes improvements by specific methods of collision avoidance, and by changes of logical architecture or the communication protocol. The proposed architecture is semi-distributed, which allows optimalization of the load balance among components while supporting strict safety rules. Such approach allows development of small-size mobile intelligent robots using low-cost computational hardware.","PeriodicalId":396752,"journal":{"name":"2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129283876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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