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High Frequency Characteristics of Graphene Geometric Diodes 石墨烯几何二极管的高频特性
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/DRC50226.2020.9135150
J. Stearns, G. Moddel
Geometric diodes have the potential to provide ultra-fast rectification [1] , which can be used in rectennas for high-efficiency conversion of infrared signals into DC electrical power. We present for the first time simulations of the high frequency characteristics of these devices, to supplement previous measurements at 28 THz. The operating principle of the geometric diode is shown in Fig. 1 . Charge carriers are funneled in one direction more easily than the other, giving rise to diode behavior. To facilitate the geometric effect, ballistic transport is needed, which requires the mean-free path length of charge carriers to be on the order of, or larger than, critical device dimensions [2] . To be fabricable, these dimensions must be on the order of at least tens of nanometers which makes graphene, with room- temperature mean-free path lengths approaching 1 μm [3] , an attractive material choice. In this size regime, the possibility of high frequency operation is possible as charge transport is not limited by diffusive scattering. We developed a Monte Carlo simulator to compute high frequency current-voltage characteristics for a graphene geometric diode. We find that the diode behavior extends into the terahertz range with a cutoff falling near graphene’s damping parameter as predicted by Drude conductivity.
几何二极管具有提供超快速整流[1]的潜力,可用于整流天线,将红外信号高效率地转换为直流电。我们首次对这些器件的高频特性进行了模拟,以补充之前在28thz下的测量。几何二极管的工作原理如图1所示。载流子在一个方向上比在另一个方向上更容易聚集,从而产生二极管的行为。为了促进几何效应,需要进行弹道输运,这要求载流子的平均自由程长度等于或大于临界器件尺寸[2]。为了可制造,这些尺寸必须在至少几十纳米的量级上,这使得石墨烯成为一种有吸引力的材料选择,其室温平均自由路径长度接近1 μm[3]。在这种尺寸范围内,由于电荷输运不受扩散散射的限制,高频操作的可能性是可能的。我们开发了一个蒙特卡罗模拟器来计算石墨烯几何二极管的高频电流电压特性。我们发现二极管的行为扩展到太赫兹范围,截止点接近石墨烯的阻尼参数,正如德鲁德电导率所预测的那样。
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引用次数: 1
RTD Light Emission around 1550 nm with IQE up to 6% at 300 K RTD光发射约1550 nm,在300 K时IQE高达6%
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/DRC50226.2020.9135175
E. Brown, W.-D. Zhang, P. Fakhimi, T. A. Growden, P. R. Berger
Resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) have come full-circle in the past 10 years after their demonstration in the early 1990s as the fastest room-temperature semiconductor oscillator, displaying experimental results up to 712 GHz and f max values exceeding 1.0 THz [1] . Now the RTD is once again the preeminent electronic oscillator above 1.0 THz and is being implemented as a coherent source [2] and a self-oscillating mixer [3] , amongst other applications. This paper concerns RTD electroluminescence - an effect that has been studied very little in the past 30+ years of RTD development, and not at room temperature. We present experiments and modeling of an n-type In 0 .53Ga 0 .47As/AlAs double-barrier RTD operating as a cross-gap light emitter at ~300K. The MBE-growth stack is shown in Fig. 1(a) . A 15-μm-diam-mesa device was defined by standard planar processing including a top annular ohmic contact with a 5-μm-diam pinhole in the center to couple out enough of the internal emission for accurate free-space power measurements [4] . The emission spectra have the behavior displayed in Fig. 1(b) , parameterized by bias voltage (V B ). The long wavelength emission edge is at λ = 1684 nm - close to the In 0.53 Ga 0 . 47 As bandgap energy of U g ≈ 0.75 eV at 300 K. The spectral peaks for V B = 2.8 and 3.0 V both occur around λ = 1550 nm (hv = 0.75 eV), so blue-shifted relative to the peak of the "ideal", bulk InGaAs emission spectrum shown in Fig. 1(b) [5] . These results are consistent with the model displayed in Fig. 1(c) , whereby the broad emission peak is attributed to the radiative recombination between electrons accumulated on the emitter side, and holes generated on the emitter side by interband tunneling with current density J interr . The blue-shifted main peak is attributed to the quantum-size effect on the emitter side, which creates a radiative recombination rate R N,2 comparable to the band-edge cross-gap rate R N,1 . Further support for this model is provided by the shorter wavelength and weaker emission peak shown in Fig. 1(b) around λ = 1148 nm. Our quantum mechanical calculations attribute this to radiative recombination R R,3 in the RTD quantum well between the electron ground-state level E 1,e , and the hole level E 1,h .
谐振隧道二极管(rtd)自20世纪90年代初被证明是最快的室温半导体振荡器以来,在过去的10年里又兜了一圈,实验结果高达712 GHz,最大值超过1.0 THz[1]。现在,RTD再次成为1.0太赫兹以上的卓越电子振荡器,并被实现为相干源[2]和自振荡混频器[3],以及其他应用。本文关注的是RTD电致发光效应,在过去30多年的RTD发展中,这一效应的研究很少,而且不是在室温下进行的。本文介绍了一种n型In 0.53 ga 0.47 as /AlAs双势垒RTD在~300K下作为交叉隙光发射器工作的实验和建模。mbe生长堆栈如图1(a)所示。采用标准的平面加工方法定义了一个直径为15 μm的台面器件,其中包括顶部环形欧姆接触和中心5 μm直径的针孔,以耦合出足够的内部发射,从而实现精确的自由空间功率测量[4]。发射光谱的行为如图1(b)所示,由偏置电压(V b)参数化。长波发射边缘在λ = 1684 nm处,接近In 0.53 ga0。在300 K时,U g的带隙能≈0.75 eV。vb = 2.8和3.0 V的光谱峰都出现在λ = 1550 nm (hv = 0.75 eV)附近,因此相对于图1(B)所示的“理想”体InGaAs发射光谱的峰发生了蓝移[5]。这些结果与图1(c)所示的模型一致,其中宽发射峰是由于在发射侧积累的电子与在发射侧以电流密度J interr的带间隧穿产生的空穴之间的辐射复合。蓝移主峰归因于发射侧的量子尺寸效应,它产生了与带边交叉隙率rn1,1相当的辐射复合率rn2,2。图1(b)中λ = 1148 nm附近的波长较短,发射峰较弱,这进一步支持了该模型。我们的量子力学计算将此归因于RTD量子阱中电子基态能级e1, E和空穴能级e1,h之间的辐射复合R R,3。
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引用次数: 1
Reliability improvement of ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin films by Lanthanum doping for FeRAM applications 镧掺杂提高FeRAM用铁电薄膜Hf0.5Zr0.5O2可靠性
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/drc50226.2020.9150531
F. Mehmood, T. Mikolajick, U. Schroeder
A century ago ferroelectricity was discovered by J. Valasek[1] which can be used in non-volatile memory applications based on two energetically stable distinct electric polarization states. The conventional perovskite based ferroelectric materials suffer from CMOS incompatibility and scalability issues, hence cannot be used in state of the art scaled CMOS technologies. In 2011, ferroelectricity was reported in CMOS compatible scaled doped HfO2 films [2-3], which can solve the integration issues of perovskites based ferroelectrics. Among the HfO2 based ferroelectric materials, the mixed oxide of HfO2 and ZrO2 (Hf0.5Zr0.5O2) exhibits good ferroelectric properties with a wide process window and CMOS back-end compatible thermal budget.
一个世纪前,J. Valasek[1]发现了铁电性,基于两种能量稳定的不同电极化状态,铁电性可用于非易失性存储器。传统的钙钛矿基铁电材料存在CMOS不兼容和可扩展性问题,因此不能用于最先进的CMOS缩放技术。2011年,在CMOS兼容的尺度掺杂HfO2薄膜中报道了铁电性[2-3],可以解决钙钛矿基铁电体的集成问题。在HfO2基铁电材料中,HfO2和ZrO2的混合氧化物(Hf0.5Zr0.5O2)具有良好的铁电性能,工艺窗口宽,CMOS后端热收支兼容。
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引用次数: 2
Hydrogen-terminated diamond FET and GaN HEMT delivering CMOS inverter operation at high-temperature 氢端金刚石场效应管和GaN HEMT提供CMOS逆变器在高温下工作
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/DRC50226.2020.9135152
Chenhao Ren, M. Malakoutian, Siwei Li, S. Chowdhury
An increasing number of applications in power electronics, sensor signal conditioning, and RF communication are demanded to operate beyond 200°C (e.g., engine and geothermal wellbore monitoring). These applications require integrated circuits such as mixed-signal circuits featuring analog circuitry, analog to digital converters as well as embedded microcontrollers and on-chip memories. The Si-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology combining a P-type MOS (PMOS) and N-type MOS (NMOS) to achieve different logic functions is not reliable for stable and sustained operations at high temperatures (>125 °C) [1] . In this work, we report the successful development of a CMOS building block using wide bandgap (WBG) technology that demonstrated operations up to >350 °C. The CMOS was developed using two wide bandgap material systems known for their high-temperature capability: diamond and gallium nitride (GaN). The "PMOS" utilizes a hole channel FET achieved using a hydrogen-terminated diamond field-effect transistor (diamond FET) and the "NMOS" is made out of an electron channel GaN high electron mobility transistor (GaN HEMT) as shown in Figure 1 .
越来越多的电力电子、传感器信号调节和射频通信应用需要在200°C以上工作(例如,发动机和地热井筒监测)。这些应用需要集成电路,如具有模拟电路的混合信号电路,模数转换器以及嵌入式微控制器和片上存储器。结合p型MOS (PMOS)和n型MOS (NMOS)实现不同逻辑功能的si基互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)技术在高温(>125°C)下的稳定和持续运行并不可靠[1]。在这项工作中,我们报告了使用宽带隙(WBG)技术成功开发的CMOS构建块,其操作温度可达>350°C。该CMOS采用了两种具有高温性能的宽带隙材料系统:金刚石和氮化镓(GaN)。如图1所示,“PMOS”利用了一个空穴沟道场效应管(FET)实现,而“NMOS”由一个电子沟道GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)制成。
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引用次数: 1
2.3 kV 4H-SiC Accumulation-channel JBSFETs: Experimental Comparison of Linear, Hexagonal and Octagonal Cell Topologies 2.3 kV 4H-SiC累积通道jbsfet:线性、六边形和八边形电池拓扑的实验比较
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/DRC50226.2020.9135164
Aditi Agarwal, Kijeong Han, B. Baliga
The body diode of a SiC power MOSFET is not suitable for current conduction in the third quadrant due high on-state voltage drop, large reverse recovery losses [1] , and possibility of bipolar degradation [2] . Integrating a Junction Barrier Schottky (JBS) diode with the MOSFET (called JBSFET) solves these issues [3] , [4] for 1.2 kV devices. This paper reports experimental data on 2.3 kV JBSFETs with different cell topologies (Linear, Hexagonal and Octagonal) for the first time at this larger voltage capability .
SiC功率MOSFET的主体二极管由于导通压降高、反向恢复损耗大[1]以及双极退化的可能性[2],不适合在第三象限传导电流。将结势垒肖特基(JBS)二极管与MOSFET集成(称为JBSFET)解决了1.2 kV器件的这些问题[3],[4]。本文首次报道了具有不同电池拓扑(线性、六边形和八边形)的2.3 kV jbsfet在这种较大电压能力下的实验数据。
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引用次数: 2
Thermal Engineering of Volatile Switching in PrMnO3 RRAM: Non-Linearity in DC IV Characteristics and Transient Switching Speed PrMnO3 RRAM中挥发性开关的热工程:直流IV特性的非线性和瞬态开关速度
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/DRC50226.2020.9135171
J. Sakhuja, S. Lashkare, V. Saraswat, U. Ganguly
Resistive Random-Access Memory (ReRAM) devices with filamentary and non-filamentary resistive switching (RS) mechanisms are extensively explored for Neuromorphic applications to cater to the present-day dataintensive computing requirements. In filamentary RRAMs, the electric field and Joule heating dependent threshold switching is well established ( Fig. 1a ) [1] . Alternatively, electric-field driven ionic transport was responsible for nonfilamentary memory characteristics ( Fig. 1b ) [2] . In recent studies, self-heating-based mechanism in addition to ionic transport has been suggested in non-filamentary devices ( Fig. 1c ) [3] . This boosts thermally activated ionic drift, thereby enhancing the switching behavior within the device. Different techniques like the incorporation of heater elements or thermally insulating layers such as GST to improve heat confinement within the stack has been proposed to improve device characteristics [4] . Recently, highly non-linear I-V characteristics have been demonstrated in PMO based RRAM in its Low Resistance State (LRS). The PMO material has very low thermal conductivity (0.5W/m-K), which facilitates thermal feedback leading to non-linearity (NL). Further, independent of enhanced RS, two capabilities of PMO-RRAM devices have been demonstrated. Firstly, NL enabled selector-less memory operations, which are highly attractive in crossbar memory arrays ( Fig. 1d ) [5] . Secondly, it facilitates oscillations based on NL related NDR from thermal runaway( Fig. 1e ) [6] , [7] . Thus, investigating & engineering the NL is of significant interest. In this paper, we modify the thermal circuit of the PMO RRAM device stack by changing isolation SiO 2 thickness, keeping the rest of the electronic/ionic aspects of the RRAM structure identical. We show~ 38% reduction in threshold voltage in DC and an 8x improvement in heating transients as a response to thermal circuit engineering.
具有丝状和非丝状电阻开关(RS)机制的电阻随机存取存储器(ReRAM)器件被广泛探索用于神经形态应用,以满足当今数据密集型计算需求。在丝状rram中,依赖于电场和焦耳加热的阈值开关已经很好地建立起来(图1a)[1]。另外,电场驱动的离子输运是造成非丝状记忆特性的原因(图1b)[2]。在最近的研究中,除了离子传输外,在非细丝器件中也提出了基于自热的机制(图1c)[3]。这增强了热激活离子漂移,从而增强了器件内的开关行为。已经提出了不同的技术,如加入加热元件或隔热层(如GST)来改善堆栈内的热约束,以改善器件特性[4]。近年来,基于PMO的RRAM在其低阻态(LRS)中表现出了高度非线性的I-V特性。PMO材料具有非常低的导热系数(0.5W/m-K),这有利于热反馈导致非线性(NL)。此外,独立于增强RS, PMO-RRAM器件的两个功能已经被证明。首先,NL实现了无选择器的内存操作,这在交叉条存储阵列中非常有吸引力(图1d)[5]。其次,它有利于基于热失控NL相关NDR的振荡(图1e)[6],[7]。因此,研究和设计NL具有重要的意义。在本文中,我们通过改变隔离sio2厚度来修改PMO RRAM器件堆栈的热电路,保持RRAM结构的其他电子/离子方面相同。我们展示了直流阈值电压降低了38%,加热瞬态改善了8倍,这是对热电路工程的响应。
{"title":"Thermal Engineering of Volatile Switching in PrMnO3 RRAM: Non-Linearity in DC IV Characteristics and Transient Switching Speed","authors":"J. Sakhuja, S. Lashkare, V. Saraswat, U. Ganguly","doi":"10.1109/DRC50226.2020.9135171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRC50226.2020.9135171","url":null,"abstract":"Resistive Random-Access Memory (ReRAM) devices with filamentary and non-filamentary resistive switching (RS) mechanisms are extensively explored for Neuromorphic applications to cater to the present-day dataintensive computing requirements. In filamentary RRAMs, the electric field and Joule heating dependent threshold switching is well established ( Fig. 1a ) [1] . Alternatively, electric-field driven ionic transport was responsible for nonfilamentary memory characteristics ( Fig. 1b ) [2] . In recent studies, self-heating-based mechanism in addition to ionic transport has been suggested in non-filamentary devices ( Fig. 1c ) [3] . This boosts thermally activated ionic drift, thereby enhancing the switching behavior within the device. Different techniques like the incorporation of heater elements or thermally insulating layers such as GST to improve heat confinement within the stack has been proposed to improve device characteristics [4] . Recently, highly non-linear I-V characteristics have been demonstrated in PMO based RRAM in its Low Resistance State (LRS). The PMO material has very low thermal conductivity (0.5W/m-K), which facilitates thermal feedback leading to non-linearity (NL). Further, independent of enhanced RS, two capabilities of PMO-RRAM devices have been demonstrated. Firstly, NL enabled selector-less memory operations, which are highly attractive in crossbar memory arrays ( Fig. 1d ) [5] . Secondly, it facilitates oscillations based on NL related NDR from thermal runaway( Fig. 1e ) [6] , [7] . Thus, investigating & engineering the NL is of significant interest. In this paper, we modify the thermal circuit of the PMO RRAM device stack by changing isolation SiO 2 thickness, keeping the rest of the electronic/ionic aspects of the RRAM structure identical. We show~ 38% reduction in threshold voltage in DC and an 8x improvement in heating transients as a response to thermal circuit engineering.","PeriodicalId":397182,"journal":{"name":"2020 Device Research Conference (DRC)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117181835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Mobility Enhancement and Reliability Characterization of Back-Channel-Etch Amorphous InGaZnO TFT with Double Layers 后通道刻蚀非晶InGaZnO TFT的迁移率增强及可靠性表征
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/DRC50226.2020.9135180
Chia-Chun Yen, An-Hung Tai, Yu-Chieh Liu, C. Yeh, C. Liu
The double layer (DL) TFT consists of an IGZO channel layer with no oxygen flow (NOF) and an IGZO barrier layer with oxygen flow (OF). The DL-TFT demonstrates the field-effect mobility of 19 cm2/V-s, which is 1.6X of the NOF and the OF singe-layer TFTs (SL-TFTs) at the overdrive voltage of 18V and the drain voltage of 0.1V. The conduction band difference between NOF and OF IGZO is 0.28 eV, which was obtained by Tauc method, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Kevin probe force microscopy (KPFM). The carriers in the DL-TFT are confined in the NOF layer by quantum confinement, where the OF layer serves as the barrier to reduce the Coulomb scattering between the channel electrons and oxide charge, and the surface roughness scattering from the IGZO/oxide interface. The results of positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) show that the threshold voltage shift of the DL-TFT is between the individual SL-TFT, and the DL-TFT is close to the lower one of the two SL-TFTs.
双层TFT由无氧流的IGZO通道层(NOF)和有氧流的IGZO势垒层(of)组成。在超速电压为18V,漏极电压为0.1V时,DL-TFT的场效应迁移率为19 cm2/V-s,是非of和of单层tft (sl - tft)的1.6倍。通过Tauc法、x射线光电子能谱(XPS)和Kevin探针力显微镜(KPFM)得到了NOF和OF IGZO的导带差为0.28 eV。DL-TFT中的载流子通过量子约束被限制在NOF层中,其中OF层作为势垒降低了通道电子与氧化物电荷之间的库仑散射和IGZO/氧化物界面的表面粗糙度散射。正偏置温度不稳定性(PBTI)结果表明,DL-TFT的阈值电压位移介于单个SL-TFT之间,DL-TFT接近两个SL-TFT中较低的一个。
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引用次数: 0
Millimeter-Wave GaN Device Modeling for Power Amplifiers 功率放大器的毫米波GaN器件建模
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/DRC50226.2020.9135149
Y. Yamaguchi, K. Nakatani, K. Teo, S. Shinjo
Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) applications such as the satellite communication (Sat-com) system and the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication system have attracted a great deal of attention. In the mm-wave applications, a GaN device which can obtain high power at mm-wave band is considered as one of the promising device for power amplifiers (PA) as shown in Fig. 1 [1] . In order to realize the attractive GaN PA, a GaN device model with high accuracy at mm-wave band is required for design of GaN PA. However, there are still some problems to obtain a large-signal model with high accuracy at mm-wave band. One of the problems is trapping effects under large-signal operation. Modeling of trapping effects on drain current and trans-conductance has been already reported in [2] .This paper presents a GaN device model including trapping effects on non-linear capacitance and a Ka-band high efficiency GaN Doherty PA designed by using the proposed model.
卫星通信(Sat-com)系统和第五代(5G)移动通信系统等毫米波(mm-wave)应用引起了极大的关注。在毫米波应用中,可以在毫米波波段获得高功率的GaN器件被认为是功率放大器(PA)的有前途的器件之一,如图1[1]所示。为了实现具有吸引力的GaN放大器,GaN放大器的设计需要在毫米波波段具有高精度的GaN器件模型。然而,要在毫米波波段获得高精度的大信号模型还存在一些问题。其中一个问题是在大信号操作下的捕获效应。在[2]中已经报道了对漏极电流和跨电导的捕获效应的建模。本文提出了一个GaN器件模型,包括对非线性电容的捕获效应和利用该模型设计的ka波段高效GaN Doherty PA。
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引用次数: 1
Modeling and Optimization of Advanced 3D NAND Memory 先进3D NAND存储器的建模与优化
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/DRC50226.2020.9135159
Mehdi Saremi, A. Pal, Liu Jiang, E. Bazizi, Helen Lee, Xi-Wei Lin, B. Alexander, Buvna Ayyagari-Sangamalli
Development of a new complex technology such as 3D NAND requires significant efforts in terms of materials screening, process tuning, and device design leading to fabrication and characterization of many test wafers with significant time-to-market cost. In this context, modeling can help accelerate 3D NAND technology development. Therefore, in this work, modeling platform is used to investigate such devices. Cross-talk (or cell-to-cell interference) is one of the major concerns in NAND technology, preventing its further scaling. To reduce crosstalk between neighboring cells in this paper, we analyze a 3D NAND structure with separated charge trap regions and compare its performance with the conventional device having continuous charge trap region.
开发一种新的复杂技术,如3D NAND,需要在材料筛选、工艺调整和器件设计方面付出巨大努力,从而导致许多测试晶圆的制造和表征,并且需要大量的上市时间成本。在这种情况下,建模可以帮助加速3D NAND技术的发展。因此,在本工作中,使用建模平台对此类设备进行研究。串扰(或细胞间干扰)是NAND技术的主要问题之一,阻碍了其进一步扩展。为了减少相邻单元间的串扰,本文分析了具有分离电荷阱区域的三维NAND结构,并将其性能与具有连续电荷阱区域的传统器件进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Using Coplanar Waveguides as Spin-Wave Sources with Improved Bandwidth 利用共面波导作为提高带宽的自旋波源
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/DRC50226.2020.9135163
H. Aquino, D. Connelly, A. Orlov, J. Chisum, G. Bernstein, W. Porod
Spin waves show potential as an alternative to electric current for computing and signal processing, which require low-power and small size. One approach to using spin waves is to convert millimeter or microwave electrical signals to spin waves having micrometer wavelengths. All signal processing is then done by the diffraction and interference of spin waves traveling through a magnetic thin film. These waves are then converted back into electrical signals [1] , [2] .
自旋波在计算和信号处理方面显示出替代电流的潜力,这需要低功耗和小尺寸。使用自旋波的一种方法是将毫米波或微波电信号转换成微米波长的自旋波。所有的信号处理都是通过磁薄膜中传播的自旋波的衍射和干涉来完成的。然后这些波被转换回电信号[1],[2]。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2020 Device Research Conference (DRC)
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