{"title":"Becoming Julia De Burgos: The Making of a Puerto Rican Icon","authors":"E. Horan","doi":"10.5860/choice.189633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.189633","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39745,"journal":{"name":"Centro Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71027433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Civil Rights in New York City: From World War II to the Giuliani Era Edited by Clarence Taylor Bronx, NY: Fordham University Press, 2011 176 pages; $35.00 [cloth]This book edited by Baruch College (CUNY) professor Clarence Taylor is an anthology of historical studies that contributes to and continues the scholarly discussion into what civil rights movement scholars like Jacqueline Dowd Hall, Eric Arnesen, Sundiata Keita Cha-Jua, and Clarence Lang are debating is "the long civil rights movement". This compilation effectively adds to the historical research that establishes that not only was the Civil Rights Movement temporally long but also geographically broad. Along with recent scholarship by Robert O. Self, Komozi Woodard, Jeanne Theoharis, and others this compilation, though focused on New York City, confirms not just the early, but also the varied, presence of civil rights organizations and protests in the North as well as their urgent role in helping to develop the Civil Rights Movement in the South. As the editor notes, this book "is unique because it is the only anthology that focuses on the civil rights movement in New York City from such a variety of perspectives" (p. 4).Due to the historical interpretation by the authors of these chapters of a diverse array of leaders, organizations, and community struggles, this book dismisses the easy periodization and false characterization of an earlier, southern, united, civil rights movement and then later, more militant, fragmented, urban, identity-based power movements. In fact, according to Taylor, "in their challenge to the southern paradigm, scholars not only have questioned the 1954 starting date of the civil rights movement" but have also challenged the "portrayal of the Black Power movement of the late 1960s as a force that derailed the 'triumphant' struggle for civil rights" (p. 2). This scholarly refutation of a political dichotomy between the civil rights movements of the 1950s vs. the identity/power movements of the 1960s has effectively defeated the view of a "good vs. bad Sixties" once and for all. Instead, it reaffirms the perspective of a longer and broader "freedom struggle" by various oppressed nations and people of color against a colonizing and racializing capitalist "world-system."The book is arranged chronologically, which helps to develop one of the main themes shared by many of the book's authors. Over time, the chapters reveal the tensions between the liberalism of the post-World War II era and the civil rights movement's challenges to liberal notions of race, merit, governance, and equality. These chapters indirectly build on each other in articulating the political conflicts critical to the conceptual and organizational development of civil rights praxis. The chapters, while not organized thematically, also focus on similar topics that in their pattern of similarity reveal the main concerns of civil rights organizations and oppressed communities of color in New York City
{"title":"Civil Rights in New York City: From World War II to the Giuliani Era","authors":"Saulo Colón","doi":"10.5860/choice.49-2352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.49-2352","url":null,"abstract":"Civil Rights in New York City: From World War II to the Giuliani Era Edited by Clarence Taylor Bronx, NY: Fordham University Press, 2011 176 pages; $35.00 [cloth]This book edited by Baruch College (CUNY) professor Clarence Taylor is an anthology of historical studies that contributes to and continues the scholarly discussion into what civil rights movement scholars like Jacqueline Dowd Hall, Eric Arnesen, Sundiata Keita Cha-Jua, and Clarence Lang are debating is \"the long civil rights movement\". This compilation effectively adds to the historical research that establishes that not only was the Civil Rights Movement temporally long but also geographically broad. Along with recent scholarship by Robert O. Self, Komozi Woodard, Jeanne Theoharis, and others this compilation, though focused on New York City, confirms not just the early, but also the varied, presence of civil rights organizations and protests in the North as well as their urgent role in helping to develop the Civil Rights Movement in the South. As the editor notes, this book \"is unique because it is the only anthology that focuses on the civil rights movement in New York City from such a variety of perspectives\" (p. 4).Due to the historical interpretation by the authors of these chapters of a diverse array of leaders, organizations, and community struggles, this book dismisses the easy periodization and false characterization of an earlier, southern, united, civil rights movement and then later, more militant, fragmented, urban, identity-based power movements. In fact, according to Taylor, \"in their challenge to the southern paradigm, scholars not only have questioned the 1954 starting date of the civil rights movement\" but have also challenged the \"portrayal of the Black Power movement of the late 1960s as a force that derailed the 'triumphant' struggle for civil rights\" (p. 2). This scholarly refutation of a political dichotomy between the civil rights movements of the 1950s vs. the identity/power movements of the 1960s has effectively defeated the view of a \"good vs. bad Sixties\" once and for all. Instead, it reaffirms the perspective of a longer and broader \"freedom struggle\" by various oppressed nations and people of color against a colonizing and racializing capitalist \"world-system.\"The book is arranged chronologically, which helps to develop one of the main themes shared by many of the book's authors. Over time, the chapters reveal the tensions between the liberalism of the post-World War II era and the civil rights movement's challenges to liberal notions of race, merit, governance, and equality. These chapters indirectly build on each other in articulating the political conflicts critical to the conceptual and organizational development of civil rights praxis. The chapters, while not organized thematically, also focus on similar topics that in their pattern of similarity reveal the main concerns of civil rights organizations and oppressed communities of color in New York City","PeriodicalId":39745,"journal":{"name":"Centro Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71135638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Race Migrations: Latinos and the Cultural Transformation of Race By Wendy D. Roth Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2012. ISBN: 978-0-804777-96-4 268 pages; $24.95 [paper]"Rather than acculturating to an Americanized view of race, Latino migrants have transformed it." So tells us Wendy D. Roth in her recent book Race Migrations: Latinos and the Cultural Transformation of Race. She states further that Latinos "have helped create a new American racial schema, moving their host society away from a dominant binary U.S. schema-which would classify them all as White or Black, based on the one-drop rule-to a Hispanicized U.S. schema that treats White, Black, and Latino as mutually exclusive racialized groups" (p. 177). The mechanism through which this momentous cultural change has operated is the process of mass migration through which "many migrants, their host society, and those leftbehind think about race and classify themselves and others."In Race Migrations, Roth makes very sophisticated arguments in a rather simple and straightforward fashion. The book consists of seven chapters that address how race (and ethnicity or national origin) is conceptualized in the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and the United States as well as the mechanisms by which these understandings of race, racialization, and racial identity are communicated between these countries. In addition, Roth describes how race, ethnicity, and their accompanying racialization operate in the stratification of these societies, and how in turn social stratification structures racialization, on the one hand, and how Latinos use their physical appearance and cultural assets to navigate the racialization process.The theoretical perspective grounding the argument is cognitive science, relying heavily on the concept of racial schemas, which Roth explains as the "bundle of racial categories and the set of rules for what they mean, how they are ordered, and how to apply them to oneself and others" (p. 12). Roth takes this useful and fruitful approach as a reaction to the persistent focus on racial identity in sociological research, which, while certainly not unimportant, is but one aspect of race in social relations. A pervasive focus on racial identity, Roth states, "says less about people's understandings of what races are and which ones exist."Critical to her understanding of race and the racial schemas people have is the understanding that people hold a variety of these ideas, opinions, and dispositions about race at any given point, with some becoming more salient at particular junctures. Holding these multiple racial schemas provides dynamism and variability to social interactions that turn on race or in which race plays a role.Given the role of migration in changing the categories people use to relate to others according to physical characteristics, sorting them and the rules for engaging in such sorting, the acculturation of immigrants, and cultural diffusion between societies play
《种族迁移:拉丁美洲人和种族的文化转型》，作者:温迪·d·罗斯，斯坦福，加州:斯坦福大学出版社，2012年。ISBN: 978-0-804777-96-4 268页;24.95美元[报纸]“拉丁裔移民并没有适应美国化的种族观，而是改变了它。”Wendy D. Roth在她的新书《种族迁移:拉丁美洲人和种族的文化转型》中如是说。她进一步指出，拉丁美洲人“帮助创造了一种新的美国种族模式，将他们所在的社会从一种占主导地位的二元美国模式——根据一滴规则将他们全部划分为白人或黑人——转移到一种西班牙化的美国模式，即将白人、黑人和拉丁美洲人视为相互排斥的种族群体”(第177页)。这一重大文化变革的运作机制是大规模移民的过程，在这一过程中，“许多移民、他们的东道国社会和那些留下来的人都在思考种族问题，并将自己和他人分类。”在《种族迁移》一书中，罗斯以一种相当简单直接的方式提出了非常复杂的论点。本书由七章组成，阐述了种族(以及民族或民族起源)在多米尼加共和国、波多黎各和美国是如何概念化的，以及这些国家之间对种族、种族化和种族身份的理解是如何传播的。此外，罗斯还描述了种族、民族及其伴随的种族化如何在这些社会的分层中运作，以及社会分层如何反过来构建种族化，以及拉丁美洲人如何利用他们的外表和文化资产来驾驭种族化过程。这一论点的理论基础是认知科学，严重依赖于种族图式的概念，罗斯将其解释为“一系列种族类别和一套规则，这些规则意味着什么，它们是如何排序的，以及如何将它们应用于自己和他人”(第12页)。罗斯采用这种有用而富有成效的方法，作为对社会学研究中持续关注种族认同的回应。种族认同虽然并非不重要，但只是种族在社会关系中的一个方面。罗斯说，对种族身份的普遍关注“没有说明人们对什么是种族以及哪些种族存在的理解。”她对种族和人们的种族图式的理解的关键是，人们在任何特定的时刻都对种族持有各种各样的想法、观点和倾向，其中一些在特定的时刻变得更加突出。持有这些多重种族图式为社会互动提供了活力和可变性，这些社会互动转向种族或种族在其中发挥作用。鉴于移民在改变人们根据身体特征与他人联系的类别、对它们进行分类以及进行这种分类的规则方面所起的作用，移民的文化适应和社会之间的文化传播在罗斯对种族理解如何变化的描述中起着至关重要的作用。波多黎各人和多米尼加人在各自的加勒比国家和美国之间迁徙的经历使这三个社会对种族的理解都发生了变化。变化的主要主体是移民本身，他们经历了不得不适应新的习俗和习惯的过程。但是，随着这些对种族有着不同理解的移民的加入，东道国社会也发生了变化。因此，罗斯穿梭于纽约市、圣胡安和圣多明各之间，进行深入的采访和她的民族志工作，涉及移民和非移民。她的大量数据和见解来自于她采访的人在彩色照片中识别出种族的人。罗斯指出，在对种族进行分类和定义的过程中，多米尼加人和波多黎各人主要受到教育和相应的社会阶层的严重影响。…
{"title":"Race Migrations: Latinos and the Cultural Transformation of Race","authors":"Carlos Vargas-ramos","doi":"10.5860/choice.50-2986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.50-2986","url":null,"abstract":"Race Migrations: Latinos and the Cultural Transformation of Race By Wendy D. Roth Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2012. ISBN: 978-0-804777-96-4 268 pages; $24.95 [paper]\"Rather than acculturating to an Americanized view of race, Latino migrants have transformed it.\" So tells us Wendy D. Roth in her recent book Race Migrations: Latinos and the Cultural Transformation of Race. She states further that Latinos \"have helped create a new American racial schema, moving their host society away from a dominant binary U.S. schema-which would classify them all as White or Black, based on the one-drop rule-to a Hispanicized U.S. schema that treats White, Black, and Latino as mutually exclusive racialized groups\" (p. 177). The mechanism through which this momentous cultural change has operated is the process of mass migration through which \"many migrants, their host society, and those leftbehind think about race and classify themselves and others.\"In Race Migrations, Roth makes very sophisticated arguments in a rather simple and straightforward fashion. The book consists of seven chapters that address how race (and ethnicity or national origin) is conceptualized in the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and the United States as well as the mechanisms by which these understandings of race, racialization, and racial identity are communicated between these countries. In addition, Roth describes how race, ethnicity, and their accompanying racialization operate in the stratification of these societies, and how in turn social stratification structures racialization, on the one hand, and how Latinos use their physical appearance and cultural assets to navigate the racialization process.The theoretical perspective grounding the argument is cognitive science, relying heavily on the concept of racial schemas, which Roth explains as the \"bundle of racial categories and the set of rules for what they mean, how they are ordered, and how to apply them to oneself and others\" (p. 12). Roth takes this useful and fruitful approach as a reaction to the persistent focus on racial identity in sociological research, which, while certainly not unimportant, is but one aspect of race in social relations. A pervasive focus on racial identity, Roth states, \"says less about people's understandings of what races are and which ones exist.\"Critical to her understanding of race and the racial schemas people have is the understanding that people hold a variety of these ideas, opinions, and dispositions about race at any given point, with some becoming more salient at particular junctures. Holding these multiple racial schemas provides dynamism and variability to social interactions that turn on race or in which race plays a role.Given the role of migration in changing the categories people use to relate to others according to physical characteristics, sorting them and the rules for engaging in such sorting, the acculturation of immigrants, and cultural diffusion between societies play","PeriodicalId":39745,"journal":{"name":"Centro Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71140593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Other Latin@: Writing Against a Singular Identity Edited by Blas Falconer and Lorraine M. Lopez Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 2011 ISBN: 978-0-8165-2867-7 184 pages; $22.00 [paper] Reviewer: Ignacio Rodeno, The University of AlabamaThis anthology, edited by Blas Falconer and Lorraine M. Lopez, consists of a collection of twenty essays that center on the question of identity. The aim of the volume is to showcase the lack of an essential Latino identity and the presence of a plurality of experiences that undermines the idea that Latinos are a monolithic group. It is only fitting, then, that these pieces are written in the first person narrative. The volume opens with a foreword by William Luis, and ends with an afterword by the same critic, where he discusses the labels Latino and Hispanic in relation to culture and identity, as well as the use of one or another through history. Such labels are problematic, as Luis notes, since they try to fix a concept that is, in itself, multifaceted, fluid, subject to alteration by means of its diasporic nature.By employing the first person narrative, The Other Latin@ contributes to the body of work that strives for the creation of a collective memory through the personal. The autobiographical voice, where the self reflects on a significant moment or event in his or her life, has been widely used in the so-called ethnic literatures to present such experience as something that can be read as representative of the community precisely because of its significance and relation to it. In doing so, the particular experience becomes the voice of the community, a voice that has not been regularly acknowledged by the mainstream culture in the case of Latinos. It is through reading narratives of the self as collective memory that non-hegemonic communities seek to achieve a better understanding of their origins, their history-in sum their identity. One might argue that narratives in which the particular experience is recognized as communal would result in cementing identity as fixed, homogeneous, monolithic, and this is even more the case with an anthology, which inclines us to read them as a unit. However, because of this anthology's pursuit of the opposite, it is particularly valuableIn order to start dismantling the monolithic, stereotypical image of Latinos, the anthology starts with Lisa Chavez's account of the experience of a Latina growing up in an unexpected location: Alaska. In the same vein, Joy Castro and Teresa Dovalpage illustrate experiences of Cubans who immigrated to the U.S. at different times than the ones that dominate Cuban-American narratives. Other authors reflect the linguistic limitation of Latinos who have lost their Spanish and are leftto wrestle with the notion that being Latino means having a link to the Spanish language. Precisely by describing this experience of exclusion, U.S. Puerto Rican Judith Ortiz Cofer redefines Latino to include alternative identities. Taking issue with t
另一个拉丁@:写作反对一个单一的身份编辑Blas Falconer和洛林M.洛佩兹图森:亚利桑那大学出版社，2011 ISBN: 978-0-8165-2867-7 184页;$22.00[论文]书评人:Ignacio Rodeno, The University of alabama这本选集由Blas Falconer和Lorraine M. Lopez编辑，包含了20篇围绕身份问题的文章。该卷的目的是展示缺乏基本的拉丁裔身份，以及存在的多种经历，这些经历破坏了拉丁裔是一个单一群体的想法。因此，这些作品都是以第一人称叙述的方式写成的，这是再合适不过的了。这本书以威廉·路易斯的前言开始，并以同一评论家的后记结束，他在那里讨论了拉丁裔和西班牙裔的标签与文化和身份的关系，以及历史上一个或另一个的使用。正如路易斯指出的那样，这样的标签是有问题的，因为它们试图固定一个概念，这个概念本身是多方面的，流动的，容易因其散居性而改变。通过采用第一人称叙事，《Other Latin@》为通过个人努力创造集体记忆的作品做出了贡献。自传式的声音，自我对他或她生命中一个重要时刻或事件的反思，在所谓的民族文学中被广泛使用，以将这种经历呈现为可以作为社区代表的东西，正是因为它的重要性和与它的关系。在这样做的过程中，特殊的经历成为社区的声音，在拉丁美洲人的情况下，主流文化没有经常承认这种声音。正是通过阅读作为集体记忆的自我叙事，非霸权群体寻求更好地理解他们的起源、他们的历史——总而言之，他们的身份。有人可能会说，在叙事中，特定的经历被认为是共同的，会导致身份被固化为固定的，同质的，整体的，选集更是如此，它让我们倾向于把它们作为一个整体来阅读。然而，因为这本选集追求的是相反的东西，所以它特别有价值。为了开始拆解对拉丁美洲人的刻板印象，这本选集从丽莎·查韦斯(Lisa Chavez)讲述的一个拉丁美洲人在一个意想不到的地方长大的经历开始:阿拉斯加。同样，乔伊·卡斯特罗(Joy Castro)和特蕾莎·多瓦尔佩奇(Teresa Dovalpage)讲述了在不同时期移民到美国的古巴人的经历，而不是那些主导古巴裔美国人叙事的经历。其他作者反映了拉丁美洲人在语言上的局限，他们失去了西班牙语，只能与拉丁美洲人意味着与西班牙语有联系的观念作斗争。正是通过描述这种被排斥的经历，美国波多黎各人朱迪思·奥尔蒂斯·科弗重新定义了拉丁裔，包括其他身份。卡拉·特鲁希略(Carla Trujillo)和洛林·洛佩兹(Lorraine Lopez)对拉美裔从根本上说是移民的观点提出了异议，她们提醒我们，一些奇卡诺人并没有越过边境，而是边境“越过”了他们。特鲁希略进一步说明了奇卡诺人群体之间的摩擦，强调了他们共享同质身份的错误观念，这与普遍的信念相反。Blas Falconer, Erasmo Guerra和Steven Cordova将他们的拉丁裔身份与性取向联系起来，质疑大男子主义是拉丁裔男子气概的基本方面。…
{"title":"The Other Latin@: Writing against a Singular Identity","authors":"Ignacio Rodeño","doi":"10.5860/choice.49-4923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.49-4923","url":null,"abstract":"The Other Latin@: Writing Against a Singular Identity Edited by Blas Falconer and Lorraine M. Lopez Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 2011 ISBN: 978-0-8165-2867-7 184 pages; $22.00 [paper] Reviewer: Ignacio Rodeno, The University of AlabamaThis anthology, edited by Blas Falconer and Lorraine M. Lopez, consists of a collection of twenty essays that center on the question of identity. The aim of the volume is to showcase the lack of an essential Latino identity and the presence of a plurality of experiences that undermines the idea that Latinos are a monolithic group. It is only fitting, then, that these pieces are written in the first person narrative. The volume opens with a foreword by William Luis, and ends with an afterword by the same critic, where he discusses the labels Latino and Hispanic in relation to culture and identity, as well as the use of one or another through history. Such labels are problematic, as Luis notes, since they try to fix a concept that is, in itself, multifaceted, fluid, subject to alteration by means of its diasporic nature.By employing the first person narrative, The Other Latin@ contributes to the body of work that strives for the creation of a collective memory through the personal. The autobiographical voice, where the self reflects on a significant moment or event in his or her life, has been widely used in the so-called ethnic literatures to present such experience as something that can be read as representative of the community precisely because of its significance and relation to it. In doing so, the particular experience becomes the voice of the community, a voice that has not been regularly acknowledged by the mainstream culture in the case of Latinos. It is through reading narratives of the self as collective memory that non-hegemonic communities seek to achieve a better understanding of their origins, their history-in sum their identity. One might argue that narratives in which the particular experience is recognized as communal would result in cementing identity as fixed, homogeneous, monolithic, and this is even more the case with an anthology, which inclines us to read them as a unit. However, because of this anthology's pursuit of the opposite, it is particularly valuableIn order to start dismantling the monolithic, stereotypical image of Latinos, the anthology starts with Lisa Chavez's account of the experience of a Latina growing up in an unexpected location: Alaska. In the same vein, Joy Castro and Teresa Dovalpage illustrate experiences of Cubans who immigrated to the U.S. at different times than the ones that dominate Cuban-American narratives. Other authors reflect the linguistic limitation of Latinos who have lost their Spanish and are leftto wrestle with the notion that being Latino means having a link to the Spanish language. Precisely by describing this experience of exclusion, U.S. Puerto Rican Judith Ortiz Cofer redefines Latino to include alternative identities. Taking issue with t","PeriodicalId":39745,"journal":{"name":"Centro Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71137257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Battleship Vieques: Puerto Rico from World War II to the Korean War By Cesar J. Ayala and Jose L. Bolivar By Cesar J. Ayala and Jose L. Bolivar Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2011 ISBN: 978-1-5587-6538-2 220 pages; $24.95 [paper]Battleship Vieques: Puerto Rico from World War II to the Korean War is a detailed history of the U.S. Navy's establishment of its Caribbean training "crown jewel" on the Puerto Rican island of Vieques within the context of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War. It offers a regional context and documents the profound impact of military occupation upon the social, economic, and cultural life of the people of Vieques. That occupation, while devastating in multiple ways, also provided the seeds of resistance that culminated in a massive non-violent civil disobedience movement that captured global attention and forced the Navy to leave in 2003.Following the introduction, the book is divided into seven chapters. Chapters One and Two set the regional and local contexts for the militarization of Vieques during World War II. Chapter One provides a regional overview of the German navy's activities in the Caribbean during World War II, including a blockade and attacks on oil refineries. Among other problems, the war severely disrupted shipments of foods, fuel, and other materials between Puerto Rico and the U.S. The authors discuss the importance of war-related shortages as part of the ruling Popular Democratic Party's (PPD) strategies to consolidate power through land reform (especially the breakup of large farms with absentee owners), and targeted, state-sponsored industrialization. Faced with the dire scenario of possible starvation of an "essentially rural population" where overspecialization in sugar cane production forced it "to rely on food imports" (p. 19), wartime militarization through construction and expansion of U.S. military bases provided some economic relief. This chapter also discusses base construction during the 1930s in San Juan, where the Navy's propensity for excluding local contractors and dislodging residents foreshadowed its much larger construction projects during World War II in Puerto Rico, including Vieques. The authors note that while many historians "have emphasized the role of the insular government" in the transformation of Puerto Rico's economy during the 1940s from plantation agriculture to rapid industrialization, federal government expenditures during the same period-particularly related to the military-"had a profound transformative effect" (p. 25).Chapter Two offers a brief summary of Vieques' history, from colonial "frontier"- with Spain struggling to maintain control despite constant attacks and settlement attempts by its European rivals-to "plantation society." The latter began with sustained nineteenth-century development of a mainly sugar cane and cattle-based economy, encouraged by land grants to Europeans and dependent on formerly enslaved labor from eastern Puerto Rico an
{"title":"Battleship Vieques: Puerto Rico from World War II to the Korean War","authors":"Déborah Berman Santana","doi":"10.5860/choice.49-2242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.49-2242","url":null,"abstract":"Battleship Vieques: Puerto Rico from World War II to the Korean War By Cesar J. Ayala and Jose L. Bolivar By Cesar J. Ayala and Jose L. Bolivar Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2011 ISBN: 978-1-5587-6538-2 220 pages; $24.95 [paper]Battleship Vieques: Puerto Rico from World War II to the Korean War is a detailed history of the U.S. Navy's establishment of its Caribbean training \"crown jewel\" on the Puerto Rican island of Vieques within the context of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War. It offers a regional context and documents the profound impact of military occupation upon the social, economic, and cultural life of the people of Vieques. That occupation, while devastating in multiple ways, also provided the seeds of resistance that culminated in a massive non-violent civil disobedience movement that captured global attention and forced the Navy to leave in 2003.Following the introduction, the book is divided into seven chapters. Chapters One and Two set the regional and local contexts for the militarization of Vieques during World War II. Chapter One provides a regional overview of the German navy's activities in the Caribbean during World War II, including a blockade and attacks on oil refineries. Among other problems, the war severely disrupted shipments of foods, fuel, and other materials between Puerto Rico and the U.S. The authors discuss the importance of war-related shortages as part of the ruling Popular Democratic Party's (PPD) strategies to consolidate power through land reform (especially the breakup of large farms with absentee owners), and targeted, state-sponsored industrialization. Faced with the dire scenario of possible starvation of an \"essentially rural population\" where overspecialization in sugar cane production forced it \"to rely on food imports\" (p. 19), wartime militarization through construction and expansion of U.S. military bases provided some economic relief. This chapter also discusses base construction during the 1930s in San Juan, where the Navy's propensity for excluding local contractors and dislodging residents foreshadowed its much larger construction projects during World War II in Puerto Rico, including Vieques. The authors note that while many historians \"have emphasized the role of the insular government\" in the transformation of Puerto Rico's economy during the 1940s from plantation agriculture to rapid industrialization, federal government expenditures during the same period-particularly related to the military-\"had a profound transformative effect\" (p. 25).Chapter Two offers a brief summary of Vieques' history, from colonial \"frontier\"- with Spain struggling to maintain control despite constant attacks and settlement attempts by its European rivals-to \"plantation society.\" The latter began with sustained nineteenth-century development of a mainly sugar cane and cattle-based economy, encouraged by land grants to Europeans and dependent on formerly enslaved labor from eastern Puerto Rico an","PeriodicalId":39745,"journal":{"name":"Centro Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71135678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Myth of Indigenous Caribbean Extinction: Continuity and Reclamation in Boriken (Puerto Rico) By Tony Castanha New York: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2011 200 pages; $89.00 [cloth] ISBN: 978-0-230-62025-4 Reviewer: Gabriel Haslip-Viera, City University of New York-City CollegeIn this book, Tony Castanha tries to establish a connection and a mostly unadulterated physical and cultural continuity between the pre-Columbian indigenous population of Puerto Rico and those individuals on the island and within the Diaspora who claim an exclusive or privileged indigenous or "Taino" identity. In this endeavor, Castanha is generally unsuccessful because the evidence is either lacking or is presented in an unconvincing manner. The title of the book is therefore inappropriate because pureblooded Tainos (100 percent Amerindian mix) became extinct probably by the late sixteenth or early seventeenth century as survivors mixed biologically and culturally with Spaniards, Africans, and others who came to Puerto Rico in the succeeding decades and centuries.Castanha claims that his "work is an attempt to draw on alternative sources of written and oral information to allow most importantly, the indigenous Caribbean voice to speak and to be better recognized, for this voice has remained silent for too long" (p. 1). Unwittingly, the last part of this statement reveals the very serious limitations of his approach to the subject matter. Castanha has not been able to locate the indigenous voice of the sixteenth to early twentieth centuries except (on those very rare occasions) when it has been filtered by the Spaniards, Anglo-Americans, and other Westerners. He is therefore obliged to focus on the very problematic voices of the more articulate leaders, activists, or spokespersons of the contemporary Taino revival movement among Puerto Ricans, along with a few of their supporters in academia and elsewhere.In a section on "mythmaking" (pp. 21-50), Castanha relies on academic sources that he would otherwise reject to show that modern scholars who claim that the Tainos became extinct in the sixteenth century have been allegedly misled or duped by the deliberate lies and distorted accounts of the chroniclers and officials of the Spanish colonial period and should therefore not be trusted. However, when it comes to stories that are told to him by Taino revivalists, his consistent reaction is to accept them at face value with little or no reservation.His sources among the contemporary storytellers can be bizarre. In addition to the Taino revivalists that he interviews among "elders," artisans and residents of the interior regions of Puerto Rico (the alleged traditional homeland of indigenous people since the late sixteenth century), he relies heavily on a few individuals he deems are experts on the history of the island and its peoples. An important source among these alleged experts is a mysterious fellow by the name of Oki Lamourt-Valentin, who is described as a "Carib...scholar" and
{"title":"The Myth of Indigenous Caribbean Extinction: Continuity and Reclamation in Borikén (Puerto Rico)","authors":"Gabriel Haslip-Viera","doi":"10.5860/choice.49-0459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.49-0459","url":null,"abstract":"The Myth of Indigenous Caribbean Extinction: Continuity and Reclamation in Boriken (Puerto Rico) By Tony Castanha New York: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2011 200 pages; $89.00 [cloth] ISBN: 978-0-230-62025-4 Reviewer: Gabriel Haslip-Viera, City University of New York-City CollegeIn this book, Tony Castanha tries to establish a connection and a mostly unadulterated physical and cultural continuity between the pre-Columbian indigenous population of Puerto Rico and those individuals on the island and within the Diaspora who claim an exclusive or privileged indigenous or \"Taino\" identity. In this endeavor, Castanha is generally unsuccessful because the evidence is either lacking or is presented in an unconvincing manner. The title of the book is therefore inappropriate because pureblooded Tainos (100 percent Amerindian mix) became extinct probably by the late sixteenth or early seventeenth century as survivors mixed biologically and culturally with Spaniards, Africans, and others who came to Puerto Rico in the succeeding decades and centuries.Castanha claims that his \"work is an attempt to draw on alternative sources of written and oral information to allow most importantly, the indigenous Caribbean voice to speak and to be better recognized, for this voice has remained silent for too long\" (p. 1). Unwittingly, the last part of this statement reveals the very serious limitations of his approach to the subject matter. Castanha has not been able to locate the indigenous voice of the sixteenth to early twentieth centuries except (on those very rare occasions) when it has been filtered by the Spaniards, Anglo-Americans, and other Westerners. He is therefore obliged to focus on the very problematic voices of the more articulate leaders, activists, or spokespersons of the contemporary Taino revival movement among Puerto Ricans, along with a few of their supporters in academia and elsewhere.In a section on \"mythmaking\" (pp. 21-50), Castanha relies on academic sources that he would otherwise reject to show that modern scholars who claim that the Tainos became extinct in the sixteenth century have been allegedly misled or duped by the deliberate lies and distorted accounts of the chroniclers and officials of the Spanish colonial period and should therefore not be trusted. However, when it comes to stories that are told to him by Taino revivalists, his consistent reaction is to accept them at face value with little or no reservation.His sources among the contemporary storytellers can be bizarre. In addition to the Taino revivalists that he interviews among \"elders,\" artisans and residents of the interior regions of Puerto Rico (the alleged traditional homeland of indigenous people since the late sixteenth century), he relies heavily on a few individuals he deems are experts on the history of the island and its peoples. An important source among these alleged experts is a mysterious fellow by the name of Oki Lamourt-Valentin, who is described as a \"Carib...scholar\" and ","PeriodicalId":39745,"journal":{"name":"Centro Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71134373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Triangulations: Narrative Strategies for Navigating Latino Identity By David J. Vazquez Mineapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2011 256 pages; $25.00 [paper] ISBN 978-0-8166-7327-8 Reviewer: Efrain Barradas, University of Florida-GainesvilleDavid J. Vazquez, como otros estudiosos, ha notado la sorprendente abundancia de textos de tonos autobiograficos en la literatura latinoestadounidense o latina. Por ello Vazquez habla del "frequent - almost obsessive - use of autobiographical forms" (p. 189) en este cuerpo literario. Esta sencilla pero contundente observacion es el punto de partida y, a la vez, la conclusion de su libro, Triangulations. Y esta observacion lo lleva a la pregunta central de su obra: ?por que esta abundancia entre escritores latinos de textos que caben dentro del amplio parametro de las narrativas del yo? De esa pregunta se desprenden logicamente otras que lo llevan a escribir unas densas doscientas paginas en las que explora el tema en detalle y ofrece excelentes ejemplos de como funciona este genero literario en textos representativos de las letras de algunos grupos latinos.Esas doscientas paginas de Triangulations se compone de una introduccion, cuatro capitulos y lo que el autor llama conclusion, pero que, en verdad, funciona como otro capitulo mas. En la introduccion el autor presenta la teoria que le servira para estudiar los textos que selecciona como ejemplos de narrativas del yo latinoestadounidenses. Vazquez propone una idea sencilla e ingeniosa para explicar este fenomeno: el autor o la autora latina al construir un texto autobiografico, como un viejo marinero, construye una carta de navegacion a base de tres puntos-de ahi el titulo del libro-que le permiten navegar por el mar inhospito de la cultura dominante o de la propia cultura latina que le impone una identidad, identidad que se convierte en uno de los puntos del triangulo de su estrategia para crear una nueva y personal que, en muchos casos, es representacion de la colectiva. Para dibujar ese mapa, la autora o el autor latino niega las identidades impuestas de antemano y su labor culmina en la propuesta de una nueva forma de definirse como persona y como grupo. En todos los casos que estudia Vazquez hay tres puntos que entran en juego y le sirven al autor o la autora para negociar esa nueva identidad que crea por medio de su narrativa del yo. Tras el erudito vocabulario critico que Vazquez emplea para presentar su teoria se esconde un sencillo proceso dialectico que reproduce el ya conocido mestizaje cultural que define a toda nueva cultura. No por ello sus ideas dejan de ser ingeniosas y utiles. No me cabe duda de que estas primeras paginas de Triangulation, como la totalidad del libro, serviran de inspiracion y modelo a otros criticos.En los cuatro capitulos que componen el cuerpo del libro Vazquez nos presenta las obras que analiza y que le sirven para probar su tesis central: textos de Ernesto Galarza y de Jesus Colon en el primer capitulo, de Piri Thoma
David J. Vazquez Mineapolis:明尼苏达大学出版社，2011年256页;评论家:Efrain Barradas, University of Florida-GainesvilleDavid J. Vazquez，像其他学者一样，注意到拉丁美洲或拉丁文学中大量的自述文本。因此，巴斯克斯在这本书中谈到了“经常——几乎是强迫性地——使用自传体形式”(第189页)。这个简单而有力的观察是他的书《三角测量》的起点和结论。这一观察让他想到了他作品的中心问题:为什么拉丁作家中如此丰富的文本符合自我叙事的广泛范围?从这个问题中，逻辑上引出了其他问题，导致他写了大约200页的密集内容，在这些内容中，他详细地探讨了这个主题，并提供了很好的例子，说明这种文学流派如何在一些拉丁群体的文学代表文本中发挥作用。这200页的三角剖分包括一个介绍，四章和作者所说的结论，但实际上，它的作用就像另一个章节。在引言中，作者提出了将用于研究他选择的文本作为拉丁美洲自我叙事的例子的理论。巴斯克斯提出了一个简单而巧妙的想法来解释这种现象:提交人或拉丁裔女作家,共建autobiografico文本,就像一个老水手,建造一个字母为基础的导航三个puntos-de那里的骑士libro-que inhospito海域允许您浏览的拉丁文化的主流文化或将对其身份,身份变成了协议的内容之一的战略以创建一个新的三角形和人员,在许多情况下,这是第八条作为集体。为了绘制这张地图，拉丁作家否认了预先强加的身份，她的工作最终提出了一种新的方式来定义自己作为一个人和一个群体。在巴斯克斯研究的每一个案例中，都有三个点在起作用，并服务于作者通过自我叙述创造的新身份的谈判。在巴斯克斯用来提出他的理论的博学的批评词汇背后，隐藏着一个简单的辩证过程，复制了众所周知的文化混血儿，这定义了每一种新文化。然而，他的想法是巧妙和有用的。我毫不怀疑，三角测量的前几页，就像整本书一样，将成为其他评论家的灵感和榜样。四个capitulos组成身体的书Vazquez我们分析他的作品,以测试其文本的核心论点:Ernesto Galarza和第一章,耶稣结肠癌Piri托马斯和奥斯卡“泽塔”Acosta,第二,约翰Rechy Judith Ortiz Cofer在第三和第四与若干小说结束茱莉亚Alvarez。正如我已经指出的，结论实际上是对桑德拉·西斯内罗斯的另一部小说《Caramelo》(2002)的另一章分析。巴斯克斯在书的几乎每一章中都建立了来自不同拉丁美洲群体的作者之间的对比和对比，这是创新和有趣的。但如果我们看看被研究的人的名单，我们马上就会意识到这本书的一个缺点:它把他的例子简化为奇卡诺人、波多黎各人和多米尼加人的文本。从这个不包括所有群体的例子的提名，他提出了他的理论，关于自我叙事在所有拉丁文学中的主导地位。我们马上就会问:为什么把古巴裔美国人排除在外?这难道不是一个操纵证据来证明这本书的中心论点的案例吗?...
{"title":"Triangulations: Narrative Strategies for Navigating Latino Identity","authors":"Efra n Barradas","doi":"10.5860/choice.49-4331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.49-4331","url":null,"abstract":"Triangulations: Narrative Strategies for Navigating Latino Identity By David J. Vazquez Mineapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2011 256 pages; $25.00 [paper] ISBN 978-0-8166-7327-8 Reviewer: Efrain Barradas, University of Florida-GainesvilleDavid J. Vazquez, como otros estudiosos, ha notado la sorprendente abundancia de textos de tonos autobiograficos en la literatura latinoestadounidense o latina. Por ello Vazquez habla del \"frequent - almost obsessive - use of autobiographical forms\" (p. 189) en este cuerpo literario. Esta sencilla pero contundente observacion es el punto de partida y, a la vez, la conclusion de su libro, Triangulations. Y esta observacion lo lleva a la pregunta central de su obra: ?por que esta abundancia entre escritores latinos de textos que caben dentro del amplio parametro de las narrativas del yo? De esa pregunta se desprenden logicamente otras que lo llevan a escribir unas densas doscientas paginas en las que explora el tema en detalle y ofrece excelentes ejemplos de como funciona este genero literario en textos representativos de las letras de algunos grupos latinos.Esas doscientas paginas de Triangulations se compone de una introduccion, cuatro capitulos y lo que el autor llama conclusion, pero que, en verdad, funciona como otro capitulo mas. En la introduccion el autor presenta la teoria que le servira para estudiar los textos que selecciona como ejemplos de narrativas del yo latinoestadounidenses. Vazquez propone una idea sencilla e ingeniosa para explicar este fenomeno: el autor o la autora latina al construir un texto autobiografico, como un viejo marinero, construye una carta de navegacion a base de tres puntos-de ahi el titulo del libro-que le permiten navegar por el mar inhospito de la cultura dominante o de la propia cultura latina que le impone una identidad, identidad que se convierte en uno de los puntos del triangulo de su estrategia para crear una nueva y personal que, en muchos casos, es representacion de la colectiva. Para dibujar ese mapa, la autora o el autor latino niega las identidades impuestas de antemano y su labor culmina en la propuesta de una nueva forma de definirse como persona y como grupo. En todos los casos que estudia Vazquez hay tres puntos que entran en juego y le sirven al autor o la autora para negociar esa nueva identidad que crea por medio de su narrativa del yo. Tras el erudito vocabulario critico que Vazquez emplea para presentar su teoria se esconde un sencillo proceso dialectico que reproduce el ya conocido mestizaje cultural que define a toda nueva cultura. No por ello sus ideas dejan de ser ingeniosas y utiles. No me cabe duda de que estas primeras paginas de Triangulation, como la totalidad del libro, serviran de inspiracion y modelo a otros criticos.En los cuatro capitulos que componen el cuerpo del libro Vazquez nos presenta las obras que analiza y que le sirven para probar su tesis central: textos de Ernesto Galarza y de Jesus Colon en el primer capitulo, de Piri Thoma","PeriodicalId":39745,"journal":{"name":"Centro Journal","volume":"66 5","pages":"183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72367683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Healing Dramas: Divination and Magic in Modern Puerto Rico By Raquel Romberg Austin: University of Texas Press, 2009 295 pages; $30.00 [paper] ISBN: 978-0-292-72350-4 Reviewer: Iris Zavala Martinez, The City University of New York-Center for Puerto Rican StudiesThis stimulating book takes us on a meditative but also curiously pragmatic ethnographic journey into the "drama of divination and magic rituals" as intimately experienced and reflected upon by the author ten years after her fieldwork in Puerto Rico. It traverses through the haunting closeness of the phenomenology of the "corporeal spirituality of brujeria" (p. 1), defined as "witch healing," to recapture the elusive and intense experiential space shared by healers and their participants. As she relives the taped interviews and re-creates her fieldwork notes, Romberg treats us to an ongoing process of self-observation and questioning of her own transformative process. For example, she wonders if the time distance from the original experience will affect her perception and attempt to provide "important ethnographic clues" of the spiritists' healing dramas, and privileges the reader to relive some of the author's own engaged experiences of the healing dramas and their irrepressible after-effects years later. On one occasion, she found herself mindlessly lighting a candle in memory of one who had passed. Seemingly, she too yearned for a transcendence that eluded erasure while asserting its captivating memory.Moreover, throughout this book of six chapters (and an Introduction and Epilogue), we are treated to a host of anthropological, socio-historical, philosophical, psychoanalytic, literary, and other references that infuse the work with rigor and amplitude, making for very challenging reading. Romberg observes, theorizes, analyzes, deconstructs gestures, actions, meanings. She is variously a scholar, a witness, a participant, an advocate, an accomplice, and a narrator. She intimates that her work was "a kind of 'gossip style' anthropology" that narrates and "entextualizes.... experience-based discourse" (p. 31). As such, we experience vicariously the relived and reconstructed dramas of her healers, through the "mimetic memories of a brujo" (Chapter 1); through the interpretative and theoretical ruminations of embodied, disembodied, healing, premonitory, and her own fieldwork dreams (Chapter 2); through the witnessing of dramatic, multiform sensuously somatized healing rituals that transmute into hypnotic trances (Chapters 3, 4, and 5); and through sojourns into nature, to the different magical spaces that potentiate healing and divination, embracing spiritual energies. The "gossips" of Haydee, Mauro, Ken, Basi, among others, reverberate throughout the book, but the added treat of transcribed healing sessions and photographs provide an unparalleled glimpse, if only for a fleeting moment, into the workings of the spiritual world.The dramas that Romberg documents evoke the "pragmatics of brujer
{"title":"Healing Dramas: Divination and Magic in Modern Puerto Rico","authors":"Iris Zavala Martinez","doi":"10.5860/choice.47-3896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.47-3896","url":null,"abstract":"Healing Dramas: Divination and Magic in Modern Puerto Rico By Raquel Romberg Austin: University of Texas Press, 2009 295 pages; $30.00 [paper] ISBN: 978-0-292-72350-4 Reviewer: Iris Zavala Martinez, The City University of New York-Center for Puerto Rican StudiesThis stimulating book takes us on a meditative but also curiously pragmatic ethnographic journey into the \"drama of divination and magic rituals\" as intimately experienced and reflected upon by the author ten years after her fieldwork in Puerto Rico. It traverses through the haunting closeness of the phenomenology of the \"corporeal spirituality of brujeria\" (p. 1), defined as \"witch healing,\" to recapture the elusive and intense experiential space shared by healers and their participants. As she relives the taped interviews and re-creates her fieldwork notes, Romberg treats us to an ongoing process of self-observation and questioning of her own transformative process. For example, she wonders if the time distance from the original experience will affect her perception and attempt to provide \"important ethnographic clues\" of the spiritists' healing dramas, and privileges the reader to relive some of the author's own engaged experiences of the healing dramas and their irrepressible after-effects years later. On one occasion, she found herself mindlessly lighting a candle in memory of one who had passed. Seemingly, she too yearned for a transcendence that eluded erasure while asserting its captivating memory.Moreover, throughout this book of six chapters (and an Introduction and Epilogue), we are treated to a host of anthropological, socio-historical, philosophical, psychoanalytic, literary, and other references that infuse the work with rigor and amplitude, making for very challenging reading. Romberg observes, theorizes, analyzes, deconstructs gestures, actions, meanings. She is variously a scholar, a witness, a participant, an advocate, an accomplice, and a narrator. She intimates that her work was \"a kind of 'gossip style' anthropology\" that narrates and \"entextualizes.... experience-based discourse\" (p. 31). As such, we experience vicariously the relived and reconstructed dramas of her healers, through the \"mimetic memories of a brujo\" (Chapter 1); through the interpretative and theoretical ruminations of embodied, disembodied, healing, premonitory, and her own fieldwork dreams (Chapter 2); through the witnessing of dramatic, multiform sensuously somatized healing rituals that transmute into hypnotic trances (Chapters 3, 4, and 5); and through sojourns into nature, to the different magical spaces that potentiate healing and divination, embracing spiritual energies. The \"gossips\" of Haydee, Mauro, Ken, Basi, among others, reverberate throughout the book, but the added treat of transcribed healing sessions and photographs provide an unparalleled glimpse, if only for a fleeting moment, into the workings of the spiritual world.The dramas that Romberg documents evoke the \"pragmatics of brujer","PeriodicalId":39745,"journal":{"name":"Centro Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"199-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71128489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.5149/9780807869376_duany.10
Jorge Duany
Resumen en: One of the distinctive features of the recent Puerto Rican exodus to the Orlando metropolitan area is a large number of well-educated professionals and m...
简历:最近波多黎各人涌向奥兰多大都市区的一个显著特点是大量受过良好教育的专业人士和经理。
{"title":"The Orlando ricans: overlapping identity discourses among middle-class puerto rican immigrants","authors":"Jorge Duany","doi":"10.5149/9780807869376_duany.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/9780807869376_duany.10","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen en: One of the distinctive features of the recent Puerto Rican exodus to the Orlando metropolitan area is a large number of well-educated professionals and m...","PeriodicalId":39745,"journal":{"name":"Centro Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"85-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70987627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article revisits accounts of the marriage and royal entry of Philip and Mary in the summer of 1554 to demonstrate the complex ways in which these public ceremonies responded to the uncertainties and concerns that surrounded Mary's Spanish marriage. From this fresh reading of the sources it emerges that Mary made every effort to reassure the English people that she would retain full sovereignty over them and that there was far greater willingness to embrace and accept Philip as king of England than has been believed. It is also suggested that the consecrated link between the return of papal jurisdiction and the notion that the marriage has resulted in an abrogation of English sovereignty needs to be carefully related to the polemic of exiled reformers who harped on concerns and doubts about Mary's female authority, despite both the contract's limitations on Philip's power in England and the act investing Mary with kingly authority.
{"title":"Changing Places: The Marriage and Royal Entry of Philip, Prince of Austria, and Mary Tudor, July-August 1554","authors":"A. Samson","doi":"10.2307/20477489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20477489","url":null,"abstract":"This article revisits accounts of the marriage and royal entry of Philip and Mary in the summer of 1554 to demonstrate the complex ways in which these public ceremonies responded to the uncertainties and concerns that surrounded Mary's Spanish marriage. From this fresh reading of the sources it emerges that Mary made every effort to reassure the English people that she would retain full sovereignty over them and that there was far greater willingness to embrace and accept Philip as king of England than has been believed. It is also suggested that the consecrated link between the return of papal jurisdiction and the notion that the marriage has resulted in an abrogation of English sovereignty needs to be carefully related to the polemic of exiled reformers who harped on concerns and doubts about Mary's female authority, despite both the contract's limitations on Philip's power in England and the act investing Mary with kingly authority.","PeriodicalId":39745,"journal":{"name":"Centro Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"761-784"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/20477489","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68234775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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