Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica最新文献

One of the serious problems in educational systems around the world is the increase in academic burnout among university students. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between academic support and students' academic burnout through the mediating variable of academic engagement. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The population included all undergraduate students of Islamic Azad University, Qaenat Branch during the academic year of 1998-99, from which 205 (98 females and 107 males) were selected based on stratified random sampling. To collect data, three questionnaires were used, including the Sands and Plankt (2005) Academic Support Scale, the Modified Maslach Academic Burnout Questionnaire (2002) and the Academic Engagement Questionnaire (Reeve, 2013). Data analysis was performed using AMOS software (version 20) and structural equation modeling method. The results of data analysis revealed that the model has a good fit with research data. According to the findings, the direct path of academic support to academic burnout was significant. The indirect path from academic support to academic burnout through the mediating variable of academic engagement was also significant. Overall, the results of the present study show that academic support through influencing students' academic engagement as well as reducing their academic burnout can lead to active involvement of students in academic activities. Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2025; 27(4): 270-281)

In my narrative paper, I describe the development of the bipolar spectrum concept and its clinical heterogeneity observed in everyday practice. I review relevant findings from biological marker research and phenomenology-based screening tools. Furthermore, I provide an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the bipolar spectrum theory, as well as the challenges of diagnosis.(Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2025; 27(4): 282-295)

The prevalence of neurocognitive impairment subsequent to haemorrhagic stroke is notably high, thus constituting a significant predictor of survival and functionality. To date, however, there has been a paucity of studies that have described the profile of specific cognitive impairments in patients suffering from haemorrhagic strokes. The objective of the present study is twofold: firstly, to analyse in detail cognitive impairment after haemorrhagic stroke; secondly, to investigate the improvement in cognitive function and to determine its association with potential prognostic factors. The present pilot study comprised 17 haemorrhagic stroke patients who underwent a detailed cognitive assessment on day 14 and 3 months after the haemorrhage using the Montreal Cognitive Test, Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test, Letter Fluency and Semantic Fluency Tests, Number Span Test and CANTAB. At baseline, 18.8% of patients exhibited minor neurocognitive impairment, while 43.8% demonstrated major neurocognitive impairment. A number of significant changes were observed between the two time points in spatial-visual abilities, executive functions, attention/concentration, short-term memory and orientation. A subsequent investigation into the laterality of the haemorrhage revealed a significant discrepancy, as determined by the t-test results. Specifically, the right hemisphere haemorrhage exhibited a reduced degree of cognitive impairment. Among the factors influencing improvement, a significant correlation was identified between residual bleeding and perifocal edema size as seen on the 3rd month CT. The findings of our subsequent study demonstrated considerable neurocognitive and domain-specific impairments subsequent to haemorrhagic stroke. It is important to note that improvement was observed in several cognitive domains three months after the event, and we were able to identify prognostic factors influencing recovery. It is hypothesised that these findings may inform the design of rehabilitation programmes. This is due to the fact that they provide clinicians with a more precise understanding of the cognitive status of patients suffering from post-haemorrhagic stroke.

Objectives: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a marker of systemic inflammation. A NLR≥3 is considered abnormal (and ≥1.8 for benign ethnic neutropenia, BEN).

Methods: NLR values were added to longitudinal data including c-reactive protein (CRP) in 5 published clozapine-induced myocarditis cases.

Results: Case 1 had two NLRs with normal values, but on clozapine day 19, the CRP became abnormal (10.0 μg/d, ≤0.9) and the NLR=3.9. Clozapine was stopped on day 26. Case 2 had three normal NLRs before myocarditis, but on day 19 clozapine was stopped due to abnormal CRP (16. μg/dL, ≤0.9) with abnormal NLR (6.7). Case 3 received 25 mg on the first day (on valproic acid and quetiapine) with a NLR=3.4 on day 2. On day 11, CRP and NLR were normal. On day 14, he had chest pain, abnormal CRP (4.9 μg/dL,≤0.9) and abnormal NLR (7.4). Clozapine was discontinued on day 17. CRP and NLR finally normalized on day 35. Skin abscesses led to abnormal CRP and NLR values. On day 148, 12.5 mg of clozapine was restarted leading to a skin rash the next day. On day 155, this dose was stopped. Case 4 had two normal NLRs before myocarditis, but on day 16, clozapine was stopped (abnormal CRP, 15.8 μg/dL, ≤0.5 and abnormal NLR=4.4). Case 5 had BEN. NLR was normal on day 7, but became abnormal (NLR=1.9) on day 11 on 250 mg/day. He died five days later.

Conclusions: An abnormal NLR during titration may suggest clozapine-induced inflammation and/or infection. (Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2025; 27(4): 296-311)

Aim: A growing body of research has demonstrated the positive eff ects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) delivered in the workplace on employees' well-being and psychological fl exibility. Delivering ACT in the workplace aims to enhance employee performance and reduce stress levels by promoting psychological flexibility, a skill to consciously live in the present, observing thoughts and emotions, and engaging in value-driven actions. The short-term effects of a 5-week-long ACT-based psychological flexibility training program were tested.

Methods: A total of 21 corporate employees (62 % women, Mage = 43.9 years, SD = 9.5) from a large company in the financial sector completed study measures prior to and after the training sessions. The six core processes of psychological flexibility were examined. Psychological flexibility, Valued living, Thought suppression, and five facets of Mindfulness and Cognitive fusion were assessed.

Results: Results showed significant difference in one core process of psychological flexibility (Contact with the present moment). Moreover, Acting with awareness, Describe and Nonjudge showed significant difference before and after the training.

Conclusion: The present research has provided further empirical evidence for the effectiveness of ACT-based psychological flexibility training with regard to three aspects of Contact with the present moment, which is a core process of psychological flexibility (Acting with awareness, Describe, and Nonjudge). The findings provide a basis for future research to investigate longer-term effects, including monitoring how participants in the research program practice the learnt techniques in their everyday lives. (Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2025; 27(3): 157-168)

Background: Research suggests that the use of digital devices correlates with children's sleep duration and physical activity, and that parents' behavior influences their children's use of digital devices and sports activities. The relationship between parents' mediation strategies and attitudes towards digital devices and their children's use of digital devices is debated.

Method: A total of 132 parents of primary school students (91.7% female, average age 41.4, SD = 6.5) competed the questionnaire package. Of the evaluated children, 52.3% were boys, with an average age of 10.1 years (SD = 2.5).

Results: A significant correlation was found between sleep duration and digital device use among girls, as well as between parents' and daughters' digital device usage time. The frequency of parents' sport activities was significantly correlated with that of their children. Parents who use multiple mediation strategies, as opposed to only active mediation, have a more negative attitude towards digital device use. There was a significant correlation between parents' attitude towards smart devices and the time girls spent using digital devices.

Conclusion: Parents' habits (regarding sports and digital devices) and attitudes towards smart device use may contribute to children's health behaviors (especially for girls). However, there is no single mediation strategy that can clearly serve as a prevention regarding the time spent on digital devices.

Aim: It is recommended to consider multiple sources of information when assessing eating disorder symptoms in adolescents. The Parent Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (PEDE-Q) measures the parent-reported eating disorder symptoms of adolescents. The aim of the present study was to validate the Hungarian version of the PEDE-Q in a community- based Hungarian sample. Our further aim was to examine the relationship between the questionnaire and adolescents' self-reported eating disorder symptoms, as well as parents' own eating attitudes.

Method: 201 parents aged between 32 and 68 years (155 mothers) completed the PEDE-Q and the Eating Attitudes Test-26. Additionally, 195 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years (55.7% girls) completed the self-administered Psychiatric Scales for Children and Adolescents - Psychogenic Eating Scale. We conducted confirmatory factor analyses to examine the factor structure of the Hungarian PEDE-Q. For further bivariate analyses, we used Pearson correlations.

Results: After adding modification indices, the revised hierarchical model, where the three first-order factors (Restraint, Eating Concern, and Shape/Weight Concern) loaded onto a second-order general eating disorder factor, showed acceptable properties (CFI = 1.000, TLI = 0.999, RMSEA = 0.031 [90% CI: 0.017-0.042], SRMR = 0.084; α = 0.83-0.94). A moderate positive correlation was found between the self-reported and the parent-reported adolescent eating disorder symptoms. The results also showed a weak positive correlation between the parent-reported adolescent symptoms and the parents' own symptoms.

Conclusion: The Hungarian Parent Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure of parent-reported eating disorder symptoms of adolescents. The association between adolescent and parental reports highlights the importance of multi- informant assessments in identifying eating disorder symptoms in youth. (Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2025; 27(3): 169-184)

Introduction: Burnout is a complex, process-oriented phenomenon with long-term negative consequences, which tends to recur regularly in helping professions. The identification of psychological risk factors leading to burnout, as well as the protective factors that may mitigate its development, is essential for effective prevention and targeted workforce support. This task is particularly pressing in emotionally demanding fields such as oncology, where professional work not only entails heightened emotional vulnerability but also presents specific intervention-related challenges.

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the characteristics and specific risk factors of burnout among professionals working in oncology care, and to identify protective factors that may contribute to the prevention and alleviation of burnout.

Method: Based on a review of relevant literature, the study examines the individual- and organizational-level challenges that are observable in everyday oncological practice, in relation to potential interventions and preventive strategies.

Results: Professionals involved in oncology care are exposed to increased and domain-specific emotional burdens that adversely affect their mental health, reduce performance, and negatively impact the quality of patient care. The analysis highlights the critical role of individual resilience, the monitoring of well-being, and the importance of institutional-level intervention strategies.

Discussion: Preventing burnout requires integrated, multi-level interventions that take into account both individual resources and the institutional culture. Strengthening protective factors is essential for sustaining long-term psychological well-being. Effective prevention necessitates regular monitoring of burnout and well-being, the development of individual coping capacities, and the cultivation of a supportive organizational climate.

Conclusion: Burnout among oncology professionals constitutes not only an individual but also a systemic challenge. Supporting colleagues experiencing exhaustion must be considered a fundamental workplace condition. The foundation of prevention lies in the implementation of a robust psychological support system, institutional accountability, and the targeted promotion of staff well-being. (Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2025; 27(3): 208-220)

Suicide rates in Hungary remain alarmingly high, particularly among middle-aged and older men. This study introduces the Hungarian adaptations of two suicide prevention tools: the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) and the Brief Suicide Safety Assessment (BSSA), examining their applicability within a three-step clinical pathway consisting of screening, risk stratification, and treatment planning. The authors present a detailed overview of the hierarchy of suicide risk factors and emphasize the critical role of both screening and risk assessment in clinical decision-making. A dedicated section of the study explores various psychosocial interventions that have been proven effective in preventing suicide attempts. These include immediate stabilizing interventions and longer-term, more complex psychotherapeutic treatment approaches, all of which aim to provide structured support for individuals at risk.