Pub Date : 2020-07-30DOI: 10.1177/1542316620941766
S. Barakat, Mohammad Abunimer
The theme of this special issue, local responses to conflict in Muslim contexts, is not new. Yet the meaning of the local and localisation evolves dynamically in a fast-changing world in which trends in conflict and crisis are always shifting, and therefore the topic requires revisiting. Originality in peacebuilding, development and relief emerges from scholars and practitioners engaging in contextualisation and experimentation on the theme.
{"title":"Localising Responses to Conflict and Crisis in Arab–Muslim Contexts","authors":"S. Barakat, Mohammad Abunimer","doi":"10.1177/1542316620941766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1542316620941766","url":null,"abstract":"The theme of this special issue, local responses to conflict in Muslim contexts, is not new. Yet the meaning of the local and localisation evolves dynamically in a fast-changing world in which trends in conflict and crisis are always shifting, and therefore the topic requires revisiting. Originality in peacebuilding, development and relief emerges from scholars and practitioners engaging in contextualisation and experimentation on the theme.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"4 1","pages":"143 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87616697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-08DOI: 10.1177/1542316620934365
Ibrahim Fraihat, Taha Yaseen
The uprisings connected to the Arab Spring have thus far failed to produce social change. The dynamics of these uprisings instead generated a number of trends that are likely to continue to destabilise the Arab world and prevent peace and development. Prevailing trends in the post-Arab Spring era include the prevalence of counter revolutions, widespread violence and armed conflicts, new patterns of alliances, external interventions and thriving proxies, raising sectarian politics, ineffective governance, terrorism, and migration. While these trends have a negative impact on people’s basic demands for socio-economic and political stability and development, they will provide and shape the foundations for other revolutions in the future. To avoid future revolutions and civil wars and stimulate peace and development in the MENA region, those driving patterns of instability will need to be altered.
{"title":"Evolving Trends in the Post-Arab Spring Era: Implications for Peace and Stability in the MENA Region","authors":"Ibrahim Fraihat, Taha Yaseen","doi":"10.1177/1542316620934365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1542316620934365","url":null,"abstract":"The uprisings connected to the Arab Spring have thus far failed to produce social change. The dynamics of these uprisings instead generated a number of trends that are likely to continue to destabilise the Arab world and prevent peace and development. Prevailing trends in the post-Arab Spring era include the prevalence of counter revolutions, widespread violence and armed conflicts, new patterns of alliances, external interventions and thriving proxies, raising sectarian politics, ineffective governance, terrorism, and migration. While these trends have a negative impact on people’s basic demands for socio-economic and political stability and development, they will provide and shape the foundations for other revolutions in the future. To avoid future revolutions and civil wars and stimulate peace and development in the MENA region, those driving patterns of instability will need to be altered.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"331 - 347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88673597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-28DOI: 10.1177/1542316620926106
Hanna Leonardsson
There is a growing understanding that vertical relationships matter for peacebuilding efforts that respond to local needs. There is little consensus, however, on how to study verticality in peacebuilding empirically. This article asks how we can understand responsiveness to needs through vertical relationships in post-conflict spaces. To answer this question, the article develops an analytical framework of vertical relationships as a peacebuilding function. Arguing that responsiveness to needs is a critical factor in building a legitimate peace, the article applies this framework to the case of municipal waste management during the waste crisis in Lebanon in 2015. Building on 31 interviews in two Lebanese municipalities, the article illustrates the complexity of vertical relationships in a post-conflict space. It concludes that vertical relationships enable responsiveness to needs by drawing on political belonging, thus promoting a fragile peacebuilding dependent on national political divides.
{"title":"Vertical Relationships and Local Peacebuilding in Lebanon: The Case of Responsive Waste Management","authors":"Hanna Leonardsson","doi":"10.1177/1542316620926106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1542316620926106","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing understanding that vertical relationships matter for peacebuilding efforts that respond to local needs. There is little consensus, however, on how to study verticality in peacebuilding empirically. This article asks how we can understand responsiveness to needs through vertical relationships in post-conflict spaces. To answer this question, the article develops an analytical framework of vertical relationships as a peacebuilding function. Arguing that responsiveness to needs is a critical factor in building a legitimate peace, the article applies this framework to the case of municipal waste management during the waste crisis in Lebanon in 2015. Building on 31 interviews in two Lebanese municipalities, the article illustrates the complexity of vertical relationships in a post-conflict space. It concludes that vertical relationships enable responsiveness to needs by drawing on political belonging, thus promoting a fragile peacebuilding dependent on national political divides.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"193 1","pages":"219 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74507530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-22DOI: 10.1177/1542316620925802
Amjad Mohamed-Saleem
Since the World Humanitarian Summit in 2016, the concept of localisation has dominated the narrative of international donor engagement. Traditionally, this is something that Muslim charities have supposedly been doing. Yet Muslim charities are conspicuous by their absence in the global debate despite the fact that over the last 20 years, there has been an explosion in the number of International Islamic Development organisations or charities. The localisation debate highlights a weakness for the Muslim charities in terms of operations on the ground. Muslim International Non Governmental Organisations (INGOs) appear to be struggling to articulate a modus operandi for operation. As a consequence, Muslim charities respond in a schizophrenic manner brought about by a lack of information on how Muslim organisations work in the field of charity and also an internal understanding of how Muslim charities should operate. This article discusses the need for a paradigm shift for Muslim INGOs within the localisation debate in terms of how they operate, identify, and work with local partners.
{"title":"Localising Humanitarianism, Peace Making, and Diplomacy: The Challenges Facing Muslim INGOs","authors":"Amjad Mohamed-Saleem","doi":"10.1177/1542316620925802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1542316620925802","url":null,"abstract":"Since the World Humanitarian Summit in 2016, the concept of localisation has dominated the narrative of international donor engagement. Traditionally, this is something that Muslim charities have supposedly been doing. Yet Muslim charities are conspicuous by their absence in the global debate despite the fact that over the last 20 years, there has been an explosion in the number of International Islamic Development organisations or charities. The localisation debate highlights a weakness for the Muslim charities in terms of operations on the ground. Muslim International Non Governmental Organisations (INGOs) appear to be struggling to articulate a modus operandi for operation. As a consequence, Muslim charities respond in a schizophrenic manner brought about by a lack of information on how Muslim organisations work in the field of charity and also an internal understanding of how Muslim charities should operate. This article discusses the need for a paradigm shift for Muslim INGOs within the localisation debate in terms of how they operate, identify, and work with local partners.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"23 1","pages":"178 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73597792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-22DOI: 10.1177/1542316620925274
Tariq Dana
Recent years have seen a growing, yet unstructured, debate among Palestinian scholars and activists about the imperative of localising the economic approaches to development. This debate has revolved around the notion of “resistance economy (RE)” that places resistance at the core of the anti-colonial economic consciousness and practice. RE is envisaged as a localised response to the multifaceted crisis—generated by the dynamic interaction among Israel, the Palestinian Authority, and international donors—afflicting the Palestinian political economy. Influenced by the rich legacy of the anti-colonial experience in Palestine, the RE seeks to invigorate organised popular mobilisation and collective struggle against the settler colonial reality. However, the term is still ambiguous and underdeveloped; further, it lacks the theoretical and methodological underpinnings to allow it to be contextualised, strategised, and implemented as part of everyday economic activity. This article seeks to contribute to this debate and foster an understanding that takes into consideration the interrelationship between the economy, politics, and society in a context characterised by the repressive interplay of colonialism and neoliberalism. Finally, the article engages critically with the debate concerning the centrality of agricultural activity to the RE.
{"title":"Localising the Economy as a Resistance Response: A Contribution to the “Resistance Economy” Debate in the Occupied Palestinian Territories","authors":"Tariq Dana","doi":"10.1177/1542316620925274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1542316620925274","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have seen a growing, yet unstructured, debate among Palestinian scholars and activists about the imperative of localising the economic approaches to development. This debate has revolved around the notion of “resistance economy (RE)” that places resistance at the core of the anti-colonial economic consciousness and practice. RE is envisaged as a localised response to the multifaceted crisis—generated by the dynamic interaction among Israel, the Palestinian Authority, and international donors—afflicting the Palestinian political economy. Influenced by the rich legacy of the anti-colonial experience in Palestine, the RE seeks to invigorate organised popular mobilisation and collective struggle against the settler colonial reality. However, the term is still ambiguous and underdeveloped; further, it lacks the theoretical and methodological underpinnings to allow it to be contextualised, strategised, and implemented as part of everyday economic activity. This article seeks to contribute to this debate and foster an understanding that takes into consideration the interrelationship between the economy, politics, and society in a context characterised by the repressive interplay of colonialism and neoliberalism. Finally, the article engages critically with the debate concerning the centrality of agricultural activity to the RE.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"83 1","pages":"192 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83443104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-19DOI: 10.1177/1542316620922805
S. Barakat, Sansom Milton
Whilst the relation between local and global levels has been a long-standing concern of humanitarian, development, and peace efforts, in recent years the term “localisation” has become a major issue in the humanitarian sector whilst peacebuilding scholarship has taken a “local turn.” This article analyses the concept of localisation across the three parts of the triple nexus—humanitarian, development, and peace. It traces the long-standing concern with the local in each of these domains, considering similarities and differences in their engagement with the local and counter-veiling trends towards universalisation, before proceeding to frame four challenges common to localisation across all forms of conflict response: defining the local, valuing local capacity, maintaining political will, and multi-scalar conflict response.
{"title":"Localisation Across the Humanitarian-Development-Peace Nexus","authors":"S. Barakat, Sansom Milton","doi":"10.1177/1542316620922805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1542316620922805","url":null,"abstract":"Whilst the relation between local and global levels has been a long-standing concern of humanitarian, development, and peace efforts, in recent years the term “localisation” has become a major issue in the humanitarian sector whilst peacebuilding scholarship has taken a “local turn.” This article analyses the concept of localisation across the three parts of the triple nexus—humanitarian, development, and peace. It traces the long-standing concern with the local in each of these domains, considering similarities and differences in their engagement with the local and counter-veiling trends towards universalisation, before proceeding to frame four challenges common to localisation across all forms of conflict response: defining the local, valuing local capacity, maintaining political will, and multi-scalar conflict response.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"2010 1","pages":"147 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86299222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-11DOI: 10.1177/1542316620922503
Ghassan Elkahlout, Kareem Elgibali
With unique strengths, problems, and challenges, localisation is an increasingly important modality for humanitarian relief. Based on the primary research including interviews with practitioners who are expert and experienced in localisation and remote management in Syria, the article offers an important case study of remote management during conflict, with analysis of local staff adherence to humanitarian principles and standards, local access and acceptance in conflict zones, the dynamics between international and local organisations and staff, the transfer of decision making from international nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) to local NGOs, and the potential risks involved. It argues that localisation has inherent strengths due to the social advantages of local staff but lacks sufficient institutional support from the international humanitarian system and that there are ethical and legal problems with transferring risk and security considerations for local NGOs.
{"title":"From Theory to Practice: A Study of Remotely Managed Localised Humanitarian Action in Syria","authors":"Ghassan Elkahlout, Kareem Elgibali","doi":"10.1177/1542316620922503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1542316620922503","url":null,"abstract":"With unique strengths, problems, and challenges, localisation is an increasingly important modality for humanitarian relief. Based on the primary research including interviews with practitioners who are expert and experienced in localisation and remote management in Syria, the article offers an important case study of remote management during conflict, with analysis of local staff adherence to humanitarian principles and standards, local access and acceptance in conflict zones, the dynamics between international and local organisations and staff, the transfer of decision making from international nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) to local NGOs, and the potential risks involved. It argues that localisation has inherent strengths due to the social advantages of local staff but lacks sufficient institutional support from the international humanitarian system and that there are ethical and legal problems with transferring risk and security considerations for local NGOs.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"111 1","pages":"235 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76712726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-22DOI: 10.1177/1542316620918555
Yara M Asi
Food aid is a common response to the food insecurity brought by conflict and inadequate development. Yet the very well-intentioned actions that are meant to stave off immediate humanitarian crises may, in the long-term, serve as tools that promote dependence, decrease the likelihood of sustainable development, and make peace less possible. In this article, I examine food insecurity and food aid in the conflict-affected Palestinian territories. I will describe ways in which Palestinian efforts to localise food production and increase food security are actively hindered, as well as how the system of humanitarian food assistance meant to fill these gaps may in fact perpetuate them. Finally, I discuss policy recommendations for stakeholders in the conflict that can encourage Palestinian food sovereignty in a manner that increases prospects for long-term peace and development, while providing immediate benefits for Palestinian quality of life and well-being.
{"title":"Achieving Food Security Through Localisation, Not Aid: “De-development” and Food Sovereignty in the Palestinian Territories","authors":"Yara M Asi","doi":"10.1177/1542316620918555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1542316620918555","url":null,"abstract":"Food aid is a common response to the food insecurity brought by conflict and inadequate development. Yet the very well-intentioned actions that are meant to stave off immediate humanitarian crises may, in the long-term, serve as tools that promote dependence, decrease the likelihood of sustainable development, and make peace less possible. In this article, I examine food insecurity and food aid in the conflict-affected Palestinian territories. I will describe ways in which Palestinian efforts to localise food production and increase food security are actively hindered, as well as how the system of humanitarian food assistance meant to fill these gaps may in fact perpetuate them. Finally, I discuss policy recommendations for stakeholders in the conflict that can encourage Palestinian food sovereignty in a manner that increases prospects for long-term peace and development, while providing immediate benefits for Palestinian quality of life and well-being.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"79 1","pages":"205 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79755640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1177/1542316619866421
B. Orchard
For nearly 20 years, the United Nations (UN) has acknowledged the gendered aspects of conflict and accepts that violent conflict disproportionately affects women and girls and intensifies pre-existing gender inequalities and discrimination (Promoting Women, Peace and Security, 2018). Women are also active agents of peace in armed conflict . . . . Recognising and integrating the different understanding, experiences, and capabilities of women into all aspects of UN peacekeeping operations—assuring a gender perspective—is essential for the success of UN peacekeeping efforts and sustaining peace (Department of Peacekeeping Operations, 2018).
{"title":"A Briefing on the UN Women Female Military Officers’ Course","authors":"B. Orchard","doi":"10.1177/1542316619866421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1542316619866421","url":null,"abstract":"For nearly 20 years, the United Nations (UN) has acknowledged the gendered aspects of conflict and accepts that violent conflict disproportionately affects women and girls and intensifies pre-existing gender inequalities and discrimination (Promoting Women, Peace and Security, 2018). Women are also active agents of peace in armed conflict . . . . Recognising and integrating the different understanding, experiences, and capabilities of women into all aspects of UN peacekeeping operations—assuring a gender perspective—is essential for the success of UN peacekeeping efforts and sustaining peace (Department of Peacekeeping Operations, 2018).","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"3 1","pages":"117 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81837762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1177/1542316619868984
Martin Wählisch
Big data and new technologies have been increasingly acknowledged as critical tools to foster sustainable peace (Colarsei & Mahmood, 2017; Hattotuwa, 2013). In 2018, United Nations (UN) Secretary General released his Strategy on New Technologies to accelerate the technology agenda of the UN. In 2014, the Expert Panel on Technology and Innovation in UN Peacekeeping had called for enhanced digital practice and training across all peace operations including the establishment of a cadre of “technology scouts” (UN 2014). However, whilst the UN’s development and humanitarian entities have introduced empirical approaches and digital tools, the peace and security pillar is still in the early stages of exploring data-driven and new technology–based solutions.
{"title":"Big Data, New Technologies, and Sustainable Peace: Challenges and Opportunities for the UN","authors":"Martin Wählisch","doi":"10.1177/1542316619868984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1542316619868984","url":null,"abstract":"Big data and new technologies have been increasingly acknowledged as critical tools to foster sustainable peace (Colarsei & Mahmood, 2017; Hattotuwa, 2013). In 2018, United Nations (UN) Secretary General released his Strategy on New Technologies to accelerate the technology agenda of the UN. In 2014, the Expert Panel on Technology and Innovation in UN Peacekeeping had called for enhanced digital practice and training across all peace operations including the establishment of a cadre of “technology scouts” (UN 2014). However, whilst the UN’s development and humanitarian entities have introduced empirical approaches and digital tools, the peace and security pillar is still in the early stages of exploring data-driven and new technology–based solutions.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"41 1","pages":"122 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88016523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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