Pub Date : 2021-12-27DOI: 10.1177/15423166211068323
Kelly E. Atkinson
Development policies advancing the Women, Peace and Security agenda enjoy an established trajectory across international organizations. This is evident within United Nations programs that engage displaced populations where children are particularly vulnerable to conflict dynamics. This article argues that existing gender-based development policies mitigate the impact of conflict on children through empowering displaced women as peacebuilding agents. Using United Nations data, fieldwork, and elite interviews, this article employs a case study of Iraq to show that the implementation of gender-based development policies correlates with reduced rates of grave violations against children in conflict settings. These findings point to the peacebuilding potential of displaced women through their ability to mitigate the economic and social impacts of conflict dynamics on children. Policy programs within the United Nations Women, Peace and Security framework should engage this connection between displaced women and the protection of children to strengthen and improve peacebuilding outcomes in conflict environments.
{"title":"Displacement, Gender-Based Development, and Grave Violations Against Children in Armed Conflict: The Case of Iraq","authors":"Kelly E. Atkinson","doi":"10.1177/15423166211068323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15423166211068323","url":null,"abstract":"Development policies advancing the Women, Peace and Security agenda enjoy an established trajectory across international organizations. This is evident within United Nations programs that engage displaced populations where children are particularly vulnerable to conflict dynamics. This article argues that existing gender-based development policies mitigate the impact of conflict on children through empowering displaced women as peacebuilding agents. Using United Nations data, fieldwork, and elite interviews, this article employs a case study of Iraq to show that the implementation of gender-based development policies correlates with reduced rates of grave violations against children in conflict settings. These findings point to the peacebuilding potential of displaced women through their ability to mitigate the economic and social impacts of conflict dynamics on children. Policy programs within the United Nations Women, Peace and Security framework should engage this connection between displaced women and the protection of children to strengthen and improve peacebuilding outcomes in conflict environments.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"19 1","pages":"108 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86197266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1177/1542316620982971
Nate Van Duzer
Through a literature review and a qualitative study, this essay examines how experienced professionals in the fields of peacebuilding, development, and humanitarian aid view their vocation and how they conduct themselves at the intersections of work and life. Combining reflections on work–life balance and literature specific to the three fields mentioned above, it offers a theoretical framework for considering how the management of these intersections affects both personal life satisfaction and work outcomes. Individuals in these fields face specific pressures that may contribute to negative spillover from work to nonwork life. These pressures can cause stress and adverse mental health, leading to decreased personal satisfaction and impaired reflective practice. These outcomes can be mitigated by several factors including organisational or social support, work–life enrichment practices, healthy boundaries, and/or strong nonwork identities. A qualitative study of 20 professionals in these fields helps illustrate some of these dynamics.
{"title":"Work–Life Intersections in Peacebuilding, Development, and Humanitarian Aid","authors":"Nate Van Duzer","doi":"10.1177/1542316620982971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1542316620982971","url":null,"abstract":"Through a literature review and a qualitative study, this essay examines how experienced professionals in the fields of peacebuilding, development, and humanitarian aid view their vocation and how they conduct themselves at the intersections of work and life. Combining reflections on work–life balance and literature specific to the three fields mentioned above, it offers a theoretical framework for considering how the management of these intersections affects both personal life satisfaction and work outcomes. Individuals in these fields face specific pressures that may contribute to negative spillover from work to nonwork life. These pressures can cause stress and adverse mental health, leading to decreased personal satisfaction and impaired reflective practice. These outcomes can be mitigated by several factors including organisational or social support, work–life enrichment practices, healthy boundaries, and/or strong nonwork identities. A qualitative study of 20 professionals in these fields helps illustrate some of these dynamics.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"2012 31","pages":"336 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1542316620982971","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72400298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-22DOI: 10.1177/15423166211052832
Serena Clark, Claudio Alberti
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; Covid-19) a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Unlike preceding highly contagious diseases that brought the threat of global instability this century, such as SARS-CoV, Zika virus (ZIKV), Swine flu (H1N1), and Avian flu (H5N1), Covid-19, governments across the world introduced strict measures and interruptions to daily life incomparable in living memory. Overnight, countries closed schools, higher education institutions, workplaces and shut down borders – this left people scrambling to adapt, including those implementing peacebuilding interventions. In this unprecedented situation, peacebuilding organisations have worked, responded, and adapted to the new normal. These new dynamics have created both challenges and opportunities for peacebuilding. This article documents the experiences of peacebuilders during the pandemic, making sense of changing conditions, challenges and opportunities they faced. It explores two key questions. How have peacebuilding organisations adapted during COVID-19? Has COVID-19 contributed to the move to local ownership of peacebuilding or localisation? It addresses these questions by engaging with peacebuilding organisations across different geographical regions through an online survey and key informant interviews. The main results focus on localisation, digital adaptation and funding strategy and administration challenges.
{"title":"COVID-19 and Adapting to the New Normal: Lessons Learned for Peacebuilding","authors":"Serena Clark, Claudio Alberti","doi":"10.1177/15423166211052832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15423166211052832","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; Covid-19) a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Unlike preceding highly contagious diseases that brought the threat of global instability this century, such as SARS-CoV, Zika virus (ZIKV), Swine flu (H1N1), and Avian flu (H5N1), Covid-19, governments across the world introduced strict measures and interruptions to daily life incomparable in living memory. Overnight, countries closed schools, higher education institutions, workplaces and shut down borders – this left people scrambling to adapt, including those implementing peacebuilding interventions. In this unprecedented situation, peacebuilding organisations have worked, responded, and adapted to the new normal. These new dynamics have created both challenges and opportunities for peacebuilding. This article documents the experiences of peacebuilders during the pandemic, making sense of changing conditions, challenges and opportunities they faced. It explores two key questions. How have peacebuilding organisations adapted during COVID-19? Has COVID-19 contributed to the move to local ownership of peacebuilding or localisation? It addresses these questions by engaging with peacebuilding organisations across different geographical regions through an online survey and key informant interviews. The main results focus on localisation, digital adaptation and funding strategy and administration challenges.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72903495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1177/1542316620988794
Burcu Ozcelik
This article addresses the role and impact of religious civil society in situations of armed conflict through a case study of Kurdish Islamist civil society organisations and activists in Turkey. The focus is on the period following the collapse of the peace process and resurgence of violence in mid-2015 between Turkish security forces and the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (Partiya Karkêrên Kurdistanê). Based on 40 in-depth interviews conducted in the city of Diyarbakir, I identify three main challenges to the effectiveness of religious civil society in peacebuilding processes: (1) relations with the state, (2) legacy and relationship with institutional violence, and (3) advocacy and representation of community needs. This article shows how ethnicity and Islam are shifting, contingent interactions in the construction of Kurdish identity, especially in response to violence. Although the public expression of pro-Kurdish rights claims altered under a securitisation rubric during this period, the demand for a peaceful settlement to the conflict transcends ideological and social differences across many Kurds.
{"title":"Exploring Kurdish Islamist Civil Society and Conflict in Turkey (2015–2018)","authors":"Burcu Ozcelik","doi":"10.1177/1542316620988794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1542316620988794","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the role and impact of religious civil society in situations of armed conflict through a case study of Kurdish Islamist civil society organisations and activists in Turkey. The focus is on the period following the collapse of the peace process and resurgence of violence in mid-2015 between Turkish security forces and the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (Partiya Karkêrên Kurdistanê). Based on 40 in-depth interviews conducted in the city of Diyarbakir, I identify three main challenges to the effectiveness of religious civil society in peacebuilding processes: (1) relations with the state, (2) legacy and relationship with institutional violence, and (3) advocacy and representation of community needs. This article shows how ethnicity and Islam are shifting, contingent interactions in the construction of Kurdish identity, especially in response to violence. Although the public expression of pro-Kurdish rights claims altered under a securitisation rubric during this period, the demand for a peaceful settlement to the conflict transcends ideological and social differences across many Kurds.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"55 1","pages":"76 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79253103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-09DOI: 10.1177/15423166211032411
Hazel Pergis-Lozada, Emma Ruth Valdez-Bayogan, Marvin Louie G. Orbeta, A. Fuentes
Low-intensity conflicts have often been afforded lesser importance than high-intensity conflicts. Yet, low-intensity conflicts can have impacts on the ability to farm, productivity, and income. We studied the effects of low-intensity conflicts on the farming communities in two conflict vulnerable areas in Mindanao, Southern Philippines. Following a review of the economic effects of conflict with a focus on Mindanao, we surveyed farmers in low-conflict areas to assess its impact on livelihood. In 2018, farmers in “peaceful” situation differed in income from those who are in “low-conflict” situations. The mean total household income for the “low conflict” (PHP8,360 or $US155) group was significantly lower by PHP13,060 ($US242) from the “peaceful” group (PHP24,433 or $US453). This findings suggest the need for further research regarding how villages resolve conflicts informally as a way of improve government-sponsored conflict resolution efforts.
{"title":"Effects of Low-Intensity Conflicts on Farming Communities in Mindanao, Philippines","authors":"Hazel Pergis-Lozada, Emma Ruth Valdez-Bayogan, Marvin Louie G. Orbeta, A. Fuentes","doi":"10.1177/15423166211032411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15423166211032411","url":null,"abstract":"Low-intensity conflicts have often been afforded lesser importance than high-intensity conflicts. Yet, low-intensity conflicts can have impacts on the ability to farm, productivity, and income. We studied the effects of low-intensity conflicts on the farming communities in two conflict vulnerable areas in Mindanao, Southern Philippines. Following a review of the economic effects of conflict with a focus on Mindanao, we surveyed farmers in low-conflict areas to assess its impact on livelihood. In 2018, farmers in “peaceful” situation differed in income from those who are in “low-conflict” situations. The mean total household income for the “low conflict” (PHP8,360 or $US155) group was significantly lower by PHP13,060 ($US242) from the “peaceful” group (PHP24,433 or $US453). This findings suggest the need for further research regarding how villages resolve conflicts informally as a way of improve government-sponsored conflict resolution efforts.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"37 1","pages":"3 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79190980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.1177/15423166211017832
E. Mccandless
Over the last 2 decades, the peacebuilding and development nexus has grown as a critical area of scholarship and practise. At the same time, the conflict landscape has evolved in complexity, incorporating fragility, violence, and humanitarian crisis, presenting ever greater challenges for analysis, framing, and effective policy and practise responses. This article reflects on the paradigmatic shifts in this nexus as introduced by scholar Peter Uvin in 2002. It explores the ways in which they are still in play, adaptations in response to contextual developments, and new paradigms that are rising as they more meaningfully diagnose and offer responses to our complex, inter-related crises. The article argues that the complexity facing our fields demands inter-paradigm learning, pluralism, and synergy, and the political will to adapt and act in accordance with the transformative measures required to tackle the structural and systemic nature of these crises.
{"title":"Critical Evolutions in the Peacebuilding-Development Praxis Nexus: Crisis and Complexity, Synergy and Transformation","authors":"E. Mccandless","doi":"10.1177/15423166211017832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15423166211017832","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last 2 decades, the peacebuilding and development nexus has grown as a critical area of scholarship and practise. At the same time, the conflict landscape has evolved in complexity, incorporating fragility, violence, and humanitarian crisis, presenting ever greater challenges for analysis, framing, and effective policy and practise responses. This article reflects on the paradigmatic shifts in this nexus as introduced by scholar Peter Uvin in 2002. It explores the ways in which they are still in play, adaptations in response to contextual developments, and new paradigms that are rising as they more meaningfully diagnose and offer responses to our complex, inter-related crises. The article argues that the complexity facing our fields demands inter-paradigm learning, pluralism, and synergy, and the political will to adapt and act in accordance with the transformative measures required to tackle the structural and systemic nature of these crises.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"10 1","pages":"131 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87952654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-18DOI: 10.1177/15423166211015971
Berit Bliesemann de Guevara, E. Refaie, Ellen Furnari, S. Gameiro, R. Julian, Alida Payson
This article argues that arts-based methods such as drawing are particularly useful as means to explore experiential insights into how violent conflict impacts individuals and communities in specific sociocultural contexts and shapes their views of development and peace. It illustrates this through the discussion of a drawing workshop with members of violence-affected communities in Kachin state, Myanmar. Reflecting on the workshop findings and dynamics and on the positive impacts the methods’ adoption had on practices of an international civilian protection NGO in Myanmar, the article concludes that, when implemented with care, arts-based methods do not only help accessing deep context-specific insights to complement outsider-expert analyses, by creating a safe space to share experiences, but they also enable new engagements among local actors and with outside organisations, which can strengthen the primacy of local actors in peacebuilding and development initiatives.
{"title":"Drawing Out Experiential Conflict Knowledge in Myanmar: Arts-Based Methods in Qualitative Research With Conflict-Affected Communities","authors":"Berit Bliesemann de Guevara, E. Refaie, Ellen Furnari, S. Gameiro, R. Julian, Alida Payson","doi":"10.1177/15423166211015971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15423166211015971","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that arts-based methods such as drawing are particularly useful as means to explore experiential insights into how violent conflict impacts individuals and communities in specific sociocultural contexts and shapes their views of development and peace. It illustrates this through the discussion of a drawing workshop with members of violence-affected communities in Kachin state, Myanmar. Reflecting on the workshop findings and dynamics and on the positive impacts the methods’ adoption had on practices of an international civilian protection NGO in Myanmar, the article concludes that, when implemented with care, arts-based methods do not only help accessing deep context-specific insights to complement outsider-expert analyses, by creating a safe space to share experiences, but they also enable new engagements among local actors and with outside organisations, which can strengthen the primacy of local actors in peacebuilding and development initiatives.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"35 1","pages":"22 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87526285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-10DOI: 10.1177/15423166211014811
Maria Thaemar C. Tana
The article examines the case of Japan’s peacebuilding in South Sudan from 2011 to 2017 and asks how Japan’s shift towards a more proactive defence posture affects the place of human security in its foreign policy agenda. Using the framework of neoclassical realism, the article argues that human security remains a critical element of Japanese foreign policy despite changes in its strategic orientation because, international predicaments notwithstanding, Japan’s foreign policy decision making is still significantly constrained by domestic variables such as state–society relations, elite perceptions, elite consensus, and domestic institutional arrangements. Changes in Japan’s overall foreign and security policies do not diminish the importance of human security. Despite the shift to a more assertive foreign policy, Japan still retains the essential features of its diplomacy. External variables influence policymakers’ decision making, but domestic variables constrain policy choices and outcomes.
{"title":"Aid, Peacebuilding, and Human Security: Japan’s Engagement in South Sudan, 2011–2017","authors":"Maria Thaemar C. Tana","doi":"10.1177/15423166211014811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15423166211014811","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the case of Japan’s peacebuilding in South Sudan from 2011 to 2017 and asks how Japan’s shift towards a more proactive defence posture affects the place of human security in its foreign policy agenda. Using the framework of neoclassical realism, the article argues that human security remains a critical element of Japanese foreign policy despite changes in its strategic orientation because, international predicaments notwithstanding, Japan’s foreign policy decision making is still significantly constrained by domestic variables such as state–society relations, elite perceptions, elite consensus, and domestic institutional arrangements. Changes in Japan’s overall foreign and security policies do not diminish the importance of human security. Despite the shift to a more assertive foreign policy, Japan still retains the essential features of its diplomacy. External variables influence policymakers’ decision making, but domestic variables constrain policy choices and outcomes.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"43 1","pages":"289 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75900072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1177/1542316620985756
Nilanjana Premaratna
Documentary film is a popular resource amongst peacebuilding organisations and practitioners. Despite this popularity, research on documentary film is still emerging in peace and conflict studies. This article explores documentary film’s role in the study and practice of peacebuilding by examining the documentary Demons in Paradise and its engagement with issues of peace and conflict in post-war Sri Lanka. This article makes conceptual, methodological, and empirical contributions. Drawing from empirical research, I identify and discuss documentary film’s engagement along three analytical angles: documentary film as a text, within social processes, and within research processes. Under each angle, I explore how empirical observations and understanding of peace emerge through the visual, using diverse methods and data, including interviews, participant observation, visual elicitation in post-screening focus groups, and film analysis. I conclude that documentary film can contribute to the study and practice of peacebuilding by offering multiple analytical angles that elucidate plural, disparate understandings of peace in post-war societies.
{"title":"Dealing With Sri Lanka’s Demons: Using Documentary Film for Peacebuilding","authors":"Nilanjana Premaratna","doi":"10.1177/1542316620985756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1542316620985756","url":null,"abstract":"Documentary film is a popular resource amongst peacebuilding organisations and practitioners. Despite this popularity, research on documentary film is still emerging in peace and conflict studies. This article explores documentary film’s role in the study and practice of peacebuilding by examining the documentary Demons in Paradise and its engagement with issues of peace and conflict in post-war Sri Lanka. This article makes conceptual, methodological, and empirical contributions. Drawing from empirical research, I identify and discuss documentary film’s engagement along three analytical angles: documentary film as a text, within social processes, and within research processes. Under each angle, I explore how empirical observations and understanding of peace emerge through the visual, using diverse methods and data, including interviews, participant observation, visual elicitation in post-screening focus groups, and film analysis. I conclude that documentary film can contribute to the study and practice of peacebuilding by offering multiple analytical angles that elucidate plural, disparate understandings of peace in post-war societies.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"18 1","pages":"39 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83280698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1177/1542316621995641
Elisabeth Olivius, Malin Åkebo
Within peace and conflict research, the study of peace has received far less scholarly attention than the study of war and violence (Gleditsch et al., 2014). Moreover, among the studies that pay particular attention to peace, a negative peace conception, which equates peace with the absence of direct violence between formerly warring parties, has generally dominated. Consequently, peace itself is underconceptualised. Existing conceptions of peace do not provide analytical tools that can systematically describe, compare, and explain how peace varies across contexts. By way of illustration, the peace in Sri Lanka is evidently different from the peace in South Africa or the peace in Cambodia, and peace in all of these contexts has also evolved in different ways over time. Postwar processes of peacebuilding and development are complex and messy, and the outcomes are both unpredictable and highly diverse. This situation has prompted recent calls for the development of new theoretical frameworks, analytical tools, and methodologies that can enable nuanced empirical analyses and assessments of peace across empirical cases (e.g., Davenport et al., 2018; Diehl, 2016; Höglund & Söderberg Kovac, 2010; Jarstad et al., 2019).
在和平与冲突研究中，和平研究受到的学术关注远远少于战争与暴力研究(Gleditsch et al.， 2014)。此外，在特别注意和平的研究报告中，普遍占主导地位的是一种消极的和平观念，即把和平等同于以前交战各方之间没有直接暴力。因此，和平本身的概念被低估了。现有的和平概念没有提供分析工具，可以系统地描述、比较和解释和平在不同情况下如何变化。举例来说，斯里兰卡的和平显然不同于南非的和平或柬埔寨的和平，所有这些情况下的和平也随着时间的推移以不同的方式发展。战后建设和平与发展进程复杂纷乱，结果难以预测，多样性极大。这种情况促使人们最近呼吁开发新的理论框架、分析工具和方法，以便能够对经验案例中的和平进行细致入微的实证分析和评估(例如，Davenport等人，2018;发,2016;Höglund & Söderberg Kovac, 2010;Jarstad et al.， 2019)。
{"title":"Exploring Varieties of Peace: Advancing the Agenda","authors":"Elisabeth Olivius, Malin Åkebo","doi":"10.1177/1542316621995641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1542316621995641","url":null,"abstract":"Within peace and conflict research, the study of peace has received far less scholarly attention than the study of war and violence (Gleditsch et al., 2014). Moreover, among the studies that pay particular attention to peace, a negative peace conception, which equates peace with the absence of direct violence between formerly warring parties, has generally dominated. Consequently, peace itself is underconceptualised. Existing conceptions of peace do not provide analytical tools that can systematically describe, compare, and explain how peace varies across contexts. By way of illustration, the peace in Sri Lanka is evidently different from the peace in South Africa or the peace in Cambodia, and peace in all of these contexts has also evolved in different ways over time. Postwar processes of peacebuilding and development are complex and messy, and the outcomes are both unpredictable and highly diverse. This situation has prompted recent calls for the development of new theoretical frameworks, analytical tools, and methodologies that can enable nuanced empirical analyses and assessments of peace across empirical cases (e.g., Davenport et al., 2018; Diehl, 2016; Höglund & Söderberg Kovac, 2010; Jarstad et al., 2019).","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"32 1","pages":"3 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82329470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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