Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.1177/15423166231179239
Sinéad Gormally, E. Arizpe, Alejandro Bahena-Rivera
This article critically explores what peace means for 39 practitioners and stakeholders in the city of Acapulco, Mexico in 2021. Working in non-formal education, community development, the arts, and culturally based activities across the city, their responses provide unique insight into what peace might look like in a city with high levels of inequality, drug-related violence, and crime. Facilitating their vision of peace and getting participants to articulate what peace would look like for them, this article provides insights into practitioners’ views, changing the narrative from them being victims of violence to agents of positive social change. Peacebuilding literature frames the discussion, and the article concludes with lessons derived from the detailed analysis of participant views which might offer a pathway for others living and working in similar contexts.
{"title":"What Would Peace look Like in Acapulco? The Views of Local Practitioners and Stakeholders","authors":"Sinéad Gormally, E. Arizpe, Alejandro Bahena-Rivera","doi":"10.1177/15423166231179239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15423166231179239","url":null,"abstract":"This article critically explores what peace means for 39 practitioners and stakeholders in the city of Acapulco, Mexico in 2021. Working in non-formal education, community development, the arts, and culturally based activities across the city, their responses provide unique insight into what peace might look like in a city with high levels of inequality, drug-related violence, and crime. Facilitating their vision of peace and getting participants to articulate what peace would look like for them, this article provides insights into practitioners’ views, changing the narrative from them being victims of violence to agents of positive social change. Peacebuilding literature frames the discussion, and the article concludes with lessons derived from the detailed analysis of participant views which might offer a pathway for others living and working in similar contexts.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"14 1","pages":"195 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82493367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/15423166231179235
B. Dickson
This study evaluates news portrayals of resilience in the newly renewed Education for Sustainable Peace in Rwanda initiative. There remains a gap in understanding about how Rwanda's education approaches are portrayed and disseminated to the public by news media. This research uses an inductive coding analysis and layers Entman's framing theory to evaluate new media portrayals of resiliency in the reporting of domestic and international media outlets. This research demonstrates that there has been little media attention paid to Rwanda's education system outside of Rwanda, despite the newly revised programming. This research also finds that in media sources which do discuss Rwanda's education system, portrayals of approaches to resilience that have the potential for inclusivity are far more common than approaches which are top-down and exclusive. These findings serve to contribute to literature in both the context of Rwanda's place in global governance and the broader discussions of educational resiliency.
{"title":"Reconstruction and Resilience in Rwandan Education Programming: A News Media Review","authors":"B. Dickson","doi":"10.1177/15423166231179235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15423166231179235","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates news portrayals of resilience in the newly renewed Education for Sustainable Peace in Rwanda initiative. There remains a gap in understanding about how Rwanda's education approaches are portrayed and disseminated to the public by news media. This research uses an inductive coding analysis and layers Entman's framing theory to evaluate new media portrayals of resiliency in the reporting of domestic and international media outlets. This research demonstrates that there has been little media attention paid to Rwanda's education system outside of Rwanda, despite the newly revised programming. This research also finds that in media sources which do discuss Rwanda's education system, portrayals of approaches to resilience that have the potential for inclusivity are far more common than approaches which are top-down and exclusive. These findings serve to contribute to literature in both the context of Rwanda's place in global governance and the broader discussions of educational resiliency.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"6 1","pages":"177 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80866243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1177/15423166231168549
P. Manning, J. Tchilingirian, Somaly Kum, Tudor Nedelcu
Debates over localisation in transitional justice and peacebuilding have been characterised by the assumption that more equitable relationships between local and international actors allow for more effective and just interventions. Critical scholarship has in turn cautioned over the use of reified conceptions of the ‘local’ and ‘international’, emphasising each as contested sites. Through a network analysis of transitional justice event data in Cambodia, we ask: what are the roles and influence of Cambodian actors, and what might their positions tell us about the relationships between international and local groups? We find that event data shows strong local representation within the transitional justice community. However, representation is not synonymous with influence. Our data demonstrates an uneven distribution of network positions within both local and international groupings. This illustrates the need for greater attention to the role of individual biographies that advantage certain individuals to shape transitional justice interventions.
{"title":"Transitional Justice Networks and the Role of ‘local’ Actors in Cambodia","authors":"P. Manning, J. Tchilingirian, Somaly Kum, Tudor Nedelcu","doi":"10.1177/15423166231168549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15423166231168549","url":null,"abstract":"Debates over localisation in transitional justice and peacebuilding have been characterised by the assumption that more equitable relationships between local and international actors allow for more effective and just interventions. Critical scholarship has in turn cautioned over the use of reified conceptions of the ‘local’ and ‘international’, emphasising each as contested sites. Through a network analysis of transitional justice event data in Cambodia, we ask: what are the roles and influence of Cambodian actors, and what might their positions tell us about the relationships between international and local groups? We find that event data shows strong local representation within the transitional justice community. However, representation is not synonymous with influence. Our data demonstrates an uneven distribution of network positions within both local and international groupings. This illustrates the need for greater attention to the role of individual biographies that advantage certain individuals to shape transitional justice interventions.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"6 1","pages":"158 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91325782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-09DOI: 10.1177/15423166231167764
Andro Mathewson
Firearms trafficking remains as a largely invisible phenomenon, necessitating the advancement and implementation of innovative transparency-focused approaches to combat the proliferation of small arms and light weapons. By exploring the relationship between effective stockpile management and nation-state accountability, this paper argues that there is a unique opportunity in the role of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and civil society to utilize a data-based approach for weapon registration. This essay also shows that NGO-led weapons and registration programs can be hugely valuable to regional security, peacebuilding efforts, and confidence-building measures for states in the European theater.
{"title":"Innovative Approaches to Conventional Weapons Stockpile Management in Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"Andro Mathewson","doi":"10.1177/15423166231167764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15423166231167764","url":null,"abstract":"Firearms trafficking remains as a largely invisible phenomenon, necessitating the advancement and implementation of innovative transparency-focused approaches to combat the proliferation of small arms and light weapons. By exploring the relationship between effective stockpile management and nation-state accountability, this paper argues that there is a unique opportunity in the role of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and civil society to utilize a data-based approach for weapon registration. This essay also shows that NGO-led weapons and registration programs can be hugely valuable to regional security, peacebuilding efforts, and confidence-building measures for states in the European theater.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"15 1","pages":"210 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90058288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.1177/15423166231159536
Mathijs van Leeuwen, Doreen Nancy Kobusingye, J. Maiyo
Fostering legitimate authority has become a priority of the international peacebuilding and development community, notably in fragile states and conflict-affected settings. Yet, how peacebuilding and development interventions feed into legitimation practices of public authorities remains underexplored, let alone how interveners can strategize on this. Analysis of programs to support land registration in Northern Uganda brings out how interventions not just enhance the legitimacy of targeted authorities. Often unintentionally, they impact on struggles for legitimacy between different state and nonstate authorities and change their relative legitimacy. They do so by redistributing land governance roles and responsibilities; stimulating certain practices of land governance; and contributing to the discussion on legitimacy assessments. The conclusion argues for more sensitivity to legitimation effects of peacebuilding and development interventions.
{"title":"The Legitimation Effects of Peacebuilding and Development Interventions—Strengthening Land Registration in Northern Uganda","authors":"Mathijs van Leeuwen, Doreen Nancy Kobusingye, J. Maiyo","doi":"10.1177/15423166231159536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15423166231159536","url":null,"abstract":"Fostering legitimate authority has become a priority of the international peacebuilding and development community, notably in fragile states and conflict-affected settings. Yet, how peacebuilding and development interventions feed into legitimation practices of public authorities remains underexplored, let alone how interveners can strategize on this. Analysis of programs to support land registration in Northern Uganda brings out how interventions not just enhance the legitimacy of targeted authorities. Often unintentionally, they impact on struggles for legitimacy between different state and nonstate authorities and change their relative legitimacy. They do so by redistributing land governance roles and responsibilities; stimulating certain practices of land governance; and contributing to the discussion on legitimacy assessments. The conclusion argues for more sensitivity to legitimation effects of peacebuilding and development interventions.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"138 1","pages":"142 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73027697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-19DOI: 10.1177/15423166231157435
Sam Gitlitz
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is lauded as a watershed for stability and African peace by China, while the West cautions their African partners against supposed false promises. Under Xi Jinping, China adopted a “win-win” foreign policy, in which what benefits their partners benefits China and vice versa. Despite these promises, the continent continues to suffer from violence, with the number of armed conflicts continually increasing. At the systemic level, neither the BRI nor the win-win methodology act as bulwarks against either interstate or intrastate conflict, as such the international community must explore the rationale and intentions behind China's renewed involvement in Africa. Through an analysis of Chinese pronouncements and documentation, Chinese and Western academic analysis, and conflict assessment data, the international community can better understand China's views on conflict assessment and prevention, as well as China's involvement in international peacekeeping. China's pledge of a novel approach to international development holds promise for developing nations; however, it must be understood that China's approach yields similar results to Western aid and more opportunities for misuse.
{"title":"Security and Development, the Two Wins of China's African Strategy: Initial Research into China's Win-Win Strategy's for African Security","authors":"Sam Gitlitz","doi":"10.1177/15423166231157435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15423166231157435","url":null,"abstract":"The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is lauded as a watershed for stability and African peace by China, while the West cautions their African partners against supposed false promises. Under Xi Jinping, China adopted a “win-win” foreign policy, in which what benefits their partners benefits China and vice versa. Despite these promises, the continent continues to suffer from violence, with the number of armed conflicts continually increasing. At the systemic level, neither the BRI nor the win-win methodology act as bulwarks against either interstate or intrastate conflict, as such the international community must explore the rationale and intentions behind China's renewed involvement in Africa. Through an analysis of Chinese pronouncements and documentation, Chinese and Western academic analysis, and conflict assessment data, the international community can better understand China's views on conflict assessment and prevention, as well as China's involvement in international peacekeeping. China's pledge of a novel approach to international development holds promise for developing nations; however, it must be understood that China's approach yields similar results to Western aid and more opportunities for misuse.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"216 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90919013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.1177/15423166231155362
Noam Brenner, Torge Kübler, Tariq Nassar
The complexity of planning and implementing peacebuilding processes has been discussed using various approaches, for example, adaptive peacebuilding, and the “local turn” in peacebuilding. These theories argue that peacebuilding is a nonlinear and contextual process, contrary to the linear, static conception of the liberal peace paradigm. This paper contributes to this field and seeks to learn how peacebuilding processes can be planned better, by integrating the concepts of adaptive and urban peacebuilding. Using action research and organizational ethnographic analysis of an EU-funded peacebuilding process between Palestinians and Israelis in Jerusalem, this article lays out four general steps to improve planning for future peacebuilding initiatives: (1) integrate flexibility; (2) balance inherent asymmetries; (3) “localize” planning; and (4) plan for indirect alternatives. In conclusion, we discuss the implications for peacebuilding processes in other contested and settler-colonial cities.
{"title":"Challenging the Linear Model of Peacebuilding Planning: The Case of Jerusalem","authors":"Noam Brenner, Torge Kübler, Tariq Nassar","doi":"10.1177/15423166231155362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15423166231155362","url":null,"abstract":"The complexity of planning and implementing peacebuilding processes has been discussed using various approaches, for example, adaptive peacebuilding, and the “local turn” in peacebuilding. These theories argue that peacebuilding is a nonlinear and contextual process, contrary to the linear, static conception of the liberal peace paradigm. This paper contributes to this field and seeks to learn how peacebuilding processes can be planned better, by integrating the concepts of adaptive and urban peacebuilding. Using action research and organizational ethnographic analysis of an EU-funded peacebuilding process between Palestinians and Israelis in Jerusalem, this article lays out four general steps to improve planning for future peacebuilding initiatives: (1) integrate flexibility; (2) balance inherent asymmetries; (3) “localize” planning; and (4) plan for indirect alternatives. In conclusion, we discuss the implications for peacebuilding processes in other contested and settler-colonial cities.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"84 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84659296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-13DOI: 10.1177/15423166231156325
{"title":"Resources","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/15423166231156325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15423166231156325","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135907611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/15423166231154408
Enock Ndawana
This article uses securitisation theory to examine the Zimbabwean government's handling of protests and protesters’ use of social media. It is based on the case study of Harare and data gathered from both primary and secondary sources. The article argues that securitisation of the right to protest in Zimbabwe forecloses opportunities for engagement, which negatively affects peace and development. It asserts that social media platforms’ capacity to mobilise discontented citizens for protests can be used by Zimbabwean policy makers to engage the citizens and enhance the formulation and development of pro-peace and development policy initiatives. The article concludes that embracing relevant digital technologies, particularly social media platforms, can offer broader policy engagement opportunities and thereby minimise protests by disgruntled citizens.
{"title":"The Potential Role of Social Media in Peacebuilding in Zimbabwe","authors":"Enock Ndawana","doi":"10.1177/15423166231154408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15423166231154408","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses securitisation theory to examine the Zimbabwean government's handling of protests and protesters’ use of social media. It is based on the case study of Harare and data gathered from both primary and secondary sources. The article argues that securitisation of the right to protest in Zimbabwe forecloses opportunities for engagement, which negatively affects peace and development. It asserts that social media platforms’ capacity to mobilise discontented citizens for protests can be used by Zimbabwean policy makers to engage the citizens and enhance the formulation and development of pro-peace and development policy initiatives. The article concludes that embracing relevant digital technologies, particularly social media platforms, can offer broader policy engagement opportunities and thereby minimise protests by disgruntled citizens.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"27 1","pages":"53 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86525453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.1177/15423166231154253
Tine Destrooper
In the past decade, an encompassing transitional justice process has been developed in Tunisia, which interacts with various other policy domains, including that of development. This article foregrounds three important interrelated innovations of Tunisia's transitional justice process: The explicit attention to economic crimes and violations of economic, social, and cultural rights; the introduction of the notion of victim regions; and the conceptualization of collective reparation programs. I discuss these innovations in light of the ongoing debate about the collective reparations dilemma in transitional societies, and notably about the ideal relation between (collective) reparation programs and development. The article then introduces the notion of disruptive reparations to theorize this relation in a way that foregrounds the need to consider and disrupt the political, socio-economic, and epistemic structures that facilitated the initial harm. This exercise acknowledges the specificity of various policy domains, and approaches them in a way that is fundamentally rooted in victims’ justice needs.
{"title":"Disruptive Reparations? Tunisia's Victim Regions and the Collective Reparations Dilemma in Transitional Societies","authors":"Tine Destrooper","doi":"10.1177/15423166231154253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15423166231154253","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decade, an encompassing transitional justice process has been developed in Tunisia, which interacts with various other policy domains, including that of development. This article foregrounds three important interrelated innovations of Tunisia's transitional justice process: The explicit attention to economic crimes and violations of economic, social, and cultural rights; the introduction of the notion of victim regions; and the conceptualization of collective reparation programs. I discuss these innovations in light of the ongoing debate about the collective reparations dilemma in transitional societies, and notably about the ideal relation between (collective) reparation programs and development. The article then introduces the notion of disruptive reparations to theorize this relation in a way that foregrounds the need to consider and disrupt the political, socio-economic, and epistemic structures that facilitated the initial harm. This exercise acknowledges the specificity of various policy domains, and approaches them in a way that is fundamentally rooted in victims’ justice needs.","PeriodicalId":39765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peacebuilding and Development","volume":"45 1","pages":"127 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91395287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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