Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.4000/etudesrurales.22196
Alejandro Tortolero
This article discusses the traditional interpretation of Mexican agriculture. The inefficiency of large agricultural estates, their feared absentee landowners, reduced and captive markets, antiquated technology, and absence of efficient institutions are traditionally considered to account for the failure of rural Mexico to embark on the path toward capital development. It is suggested that while this characterization of hacienda estates was valid in the last third of the nineteenth century for certain regions, in others linked to urban expansion and the railroad system agricultural estates were in fact productive undertakings with advanced technology and efficient management. The article argues that the main obstacles to capitalist agricultural development were compulsive forms of labor organization; the lack of high-output agricultural products; insufficient monetary circulation preventing the formation of more cohesive agricultural markets; a salary system based on payments in cash; and the scarcity of agricultural credit.
{"title":"The Mexican path toward agricultural capitalism","authors":"Alejandro Tortolero","doi":"10.4000/etudesrurales.22196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/etudesrurales.22196","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the traditional interpretation of Mexican agriculture. The inefficiency of large agricultural estates, their feared absentee landowners, reduced and captive markets, antiquated technology, and absence of efficient institutions are traditionally considered to account for the failure of rural Mexico to embark on the path toward capital development. It is suggested that while this characterization of hacienda estates was valid in the last third of the nineteenth century for certain regions, in others linked to urban expansion and the railroad system agricultural estates were in fact productive undertakings with advanced technology and efficient management. The article argues that the main obstacles to capitalist agricultural development were compulsive forms of labor organization; the lack of high-output agricultural products; insufficient monetary circulation preventing the formation of more cohesive agricultural markets; a salary system based on payments in cash; and the scarcity of agricultural credit.","PeriodicalId":39805,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Rurales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47290086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.4000/etudesrurales.23263
B. Formoso
Existe-t-il une collusion d’interets entre les promoteurs de la clean meat issue des biotechnologies et les activistes de la cause animale ? Si oui de quelle nature est-elle et quels sont ses possibles effets sur les rapports interspecifiques? Telles sont les deux principales questions dont traite Jocelyne Porcher dans le present essai. L’auteur est d’autant plus qualifiee pour y repondre qu’elle combine le sens critique du scientifique a l’experience du praticien. Aujourd’hui chercheuse a l’...
{"title":"Jocelyne Porcher, Cause animale, cause du capital","authors":"B. Formoso","doi":"10.4000/etudesrurales.23263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/etudesrurales.23263","url":null,"abstract":"Existe-t-il une collusion d’interets entre les promoteurs de la clean meat issue des biotechnologies et les activistes de la cause animale ? Si oui de quelle nature est-elle et quels sont ses possibles effets sur les rapports interspecifiques? Telles sont les deux principales questions dont traite Jocelyne Porcher dans le present essai. L’auteur est d’autant plus qualifiee pour y repondre qu’elle combine le sens critique du scientifique a l’experience du praticien. Aujourd’hui chercheuse a l’...","PeriodicalId":39805,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Rurales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49606441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.4000/etudesrurales.23238
M. Guibert
Sociologue au Cirad (Centre de cooperation internationale en recherche agronomique pour le developpement), au sein de l’UMR Innovation a Montpellier, Frederic Goulet porte ses recherches sur les acteurs du developpement agricole, le conseil et l’innovation en agriculture, en se focalisant sur l’evolution des relations entre producteurs, industries des intrants (dont le machinisme agricole) et institutions vouees a la recherche en agronomie. Il a mis a profit son detachement en tant que cherch...
{"title":"Frédéric Goulet, Faire science à part. Politiques d’inclusion sociale et agriculture familiale en Argentine","authors":"M. Guibert","doi":"10.4000/etudesrurales.23238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/etudesrurales.23238","url":null,"abstract":"Sociologue au Cirad (Centre de cooperation internationale en recherche agronomique pour le developpement), au sein de l’UMR Innovation a Montpellier, Frederic Goulet porte ses recherches sur les acteurs du developpement agricole, le conseil et l’innovation en agriculture, en se focalisant sur l’evolution des relations entre producteurs, industries des intrants (dont le machinisme agricole) et institutions vouees a la recherche en agronomie. Il a mis a profit son detachement en tant que cherch...","PeriodicalId":39805,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Rurales","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70201244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.4000/etudesrurales.23276
P. Luna, A. Tortolero
La notion de « revolution agricole » moderne est souvent presentee comme un projet ou un objectif a atteindre, quand ce n’est pas une realite accomplie. Elle renvoie a une pluralite de phenomenes : augmentation soutenue de la production, de la productivite, victoire sur la « contrainte demographique » (ou les plafonds malthusiens), reduction de l’impact des crises de subsistance (et des crises agricoles), elevation du niveau de vie et des conditions de travail ou encore meilleure articulation...
{"title":"Les voies de la croissance agricole (xviiie-xxe s.)","authors":"P. Luna, A. Tortolero","doi":"10.4000/etudesrurales.23276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/etudesrurales.23276","url":null,"abstract":"La notion de « revolution agricole » moderne est souvent presentee comme un projet ou un objectif a atteindre, quand ce n’est pas une realite accomplie. Elle renvoie a une pluralite de phenomenes : augmentation soutenue de la production, de la productivite, victoire sur la « contrainte demographique » (ou les plafonds malthusiens), reduction de l’impact des crises de subsistance (et des crises agricoles), elevation du niveau de vie et des conditions de travail ou encore meilleure articulation...","PeriodicalId":39805,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Rurales","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70201346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.4000/etudesrurales.23248
L. Herment
Avec Flax Americana, Joshua MacFadyen nous livre un ouvrage passionnant. Les historiens europeens de l’epoque moderne et contemporaine ont longtemps ete preoccupes par le lin, qui fit la fortune, et fut parfois la malediction, surtout au xixe siecle, de certaines regions proto-industrielles. Le detour par les immenses espaces nord-americains permet de reviser notre jugement sur cette plante. Comme le rappelle justement Joshua MacFadeyn, le lin fut cultive pour ses fibres mais aussi pour sa gr...
{"title":"Joshua MacFadyen, Flax Americana. A History of the Fibre and Oil That Covered a Continent","authors":"L. Herment","doi":"10.4000/etudesrurales.23248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/etudesrurales.23248","url":null,"abstract":"Avec Flax Americana, Joshua MacFadyen nous livre un ouvrage passionnant. Les historiens europeens de l’epoque moderne et contemporaine ont longtemps ete preoccupes par le lin, qui fit la fortune, et fut parfois la malediction, surtout au xixe siecle, de certaines regions proto-industrielles. Le detour par les immenses espaces nord-americains permet de reviser notre jugement sur cette plante. Comme le rappelle justement Joshua MacFadeyn, le lin fut cultive pour ses fibres mais aussi pour sa gr...","PeriodicalId":39805,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Rurales","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70201253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.4000/etudesrurales.22571
Loïc Mazenc
A partir du cas d’une firme de production agricole, situee en France et specialisee dans la culture du melon, cet article analyse les evolutions de l’organisation du travail et notamment les resistances au management. Nous montrerons qu’elles peuvent etre individuelles ou collectives, « pour soi » ou « pour les autres », freiner la production ou, au contraire, l’accelerer. Elles resultent toujours d’une volonte de desserrer l’etau du controle et de se reapproprier le travail, consequence d’un controle plus recent, celui de la grande distribution sur l’exploitation agricole, exigeant toujours plus de dispositifs de normalisation et de certification des produits comme des procedes.
{"title":"Résister dans une exploitation","authors":"Loïc Mazenc","doi":"10.4000/etudesrurales.22571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/etudesrurales.22571","url":null,"abstract":"A partir du cas d’une firme de production agricole, situee en France et specialisee dans la culture du melon, cet article analyse les evolutions de l’organisation du travail et notamment les resistances au management. Nous montrerons qu’elles peuvent etre individuelles ou collectives, « pour soi » ou « pour les autres », freiner la production ou, au contraire, l’accelerer. Elles resultent toujours d’une volonte de desserrer l’etau du controle et de se reapproprier le travail, consequence d’un controle plus recent, celui de la grande distribution sur l’exploitation agricole, exigeant toujours plus de dispositifs de normalisation et de certification des produits comme des procedes.","PeriodicalId":39805,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Rurales","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47511897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.4000/etudesrurales.22436
Antonio Chamorro Cristóbal
The article highlights the convergence between a new generation of researchers at the Ecuadorian National Agrarian Research Institute (INIAP) and the emergence of a new international research agenda focusing more on small farmers during the second phase of the Green Revolution in the mid-1970s. It does so via analysis of two agrarian modernization programs for small farmers: the Research in Production Program and the Andean Crops Program, the first linked to the Mexican International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), and the second to the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). These programs further illustrate a new trend in INIAP research, in relation to the initial phase since 1964 which had focused on responding to the needs of landowners and international research centers interested in conducting plant-breeding tests. The article highlights the convergence between a new generation of researchers at the Ecuadorian National Agrarian Research Institute (INIAP) and the emergence of a new international research agenda focusing more on small farmers during the second phase of the Green Revolution in the mid-1970s. It does so via analysis of two agrarian modernization programs for small farmers: the Research in Production Program and the Andean Crops Program, the first linked to the Mexican International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), and the second to the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). These programs further illustrate a new trend in INIAP research, in relation to the initial phase since 1964 which had focused on responding to the needs of landowners and international research centers interested in conducting plant-breeding tests.
{"title":"Expanding the Green Revolution to Small farmers in Ecuador (1970-1990s)","authors":"Antonio Chamorro Cristóbal","doi":"10.4000/etudesrurales.22436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/etudesrurales.22436","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the convergence between a new generation of researchers at the Ecuadorian National Agrarian Research Institute (INIAP) and the emergence of a new international research agenda focusing more on small farmers during the second phase of the Green Revolution in the mid-1970s. It does so via analysis of two agrarian modernization programs for small farmers: the Research in Production Program and the Andean Crops Program, the first linked to the Mexican International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), and the second to the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). These programs further illustrate a new trend in INIAP research, in relation to the initial phase since 1964 which had focused on responding to the needs of landowners and international research centers interested in conducting plant-breeding tests. The article highlights the convergence between a new generation of researchers at the Ecuadorian National Agrarian Research Institute (INIAP) and the emergence of a new international research agenda focusing more on small farmers during the second phase of the Green Revolution in the mid-1970s. It does so via analysis of two agrarian modernization programs for small farmers: the Research in Production Program and the Andean Crops Program, the first linked to the Mexican International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), and the second to the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). These programs further illustrate a new trend in INIAP research, in relation to the initial phase since 1964 which had focused on responding to the needs of landowners and international research centers interested in conducting plant-breeding tests.","PeriodicalId":39805,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Rurales","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70201628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.4000/ETUDESRURALES.17736
P. Cornu
Les etudes rurales francaises presentent dans la duree trois singularites majeures : leur aptitude a hybrider les disciplines, leur gout pour le dialogue entre chercheurs et acteurs et leur passion pour la reflexivite historique. La these de Sylvain Brunier, soutenue en 2012 a Grenoble et ici publiee sous une forme condensee et remaniee, est emblematique de ce gout pour les chemins de traverse dans les paysages de la modernisation agricole et rurale contemporaine. En effet, initialement inscr...
{"title":"Sylvain Brunier, Le bonheur dans la modernité. Conseillers agricoles et agriculteurs (1945-1985)","authors":"P. Cornu","doi":"10.4000/ETUDESRURALES.17736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/ETUDESRURALES.17736","url":null,"abstract":"Les etudes rurales francaises presentent dans la duree trois singularites majeures : leur aptitude a hybrider les disciplines, leur gout pour le dialogue entre chercheurs et acteurs et leur passion pour la reflexivite historique. La these de Sylvain Brunier, soutenue en 2012 a Grenoble et ici publiee sous une forme condensee et remaniee, est emblematique de ce gout pour les chemins de traverse dans les paysages de la modernisation agricole et rurale contemporaine. En effet, initialement inscr...","PeriodicalId":39805,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Rurales","volume":"388 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70201578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.4000/etudesrurales.16553
Stéphanie Guyon
Cet article porte sur l’evolution de la representation politique locale a Saint-Laurent du Maroni (Guyane) de 1949 a 1983. En vertu de la superiorite des Creoles consacree dans la periode coloniale, l’espace politique a d’abord ete investi et amenage par eux. Toutefois les elites coloniales creoles ne conservent pas le pouvoir politique dans la commune. Le niveau de diplome, la competence administrative et l’affiliation a un parti politique viennent ainsi concurrencer les ressources traditionnelles de la grande bourgeoisie commercante creole et permettent aux membres des classes moyennes d’etre elus. Ce renouvellement du personnel politique a modifie la place des femmes creoles dans les institutions politiques locales. Si du temps des notables, elles faisaient campagne dans les maisons, dans la sphere privee et a travers leur reseau catholique, elles apparaissent desormais dans l’espace public et accedent au mandat.
{"title":"Classe, genre et représentation politique,","authors":"Stéphanie Guyon","doi":"10.4000/etudesrurales.16553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/etudesrurales.16553","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article porte sur l’evolution de la representation politique locale a Saint-Laurent du Maroni (Guyane) de 1949 a 1983. En vertu de la superiorite des Creoles consacree dans la periode coloniale, l’espace politique a d’abord ete investi et amenage par eux. Toutefois les elites coloniales creoles ne conservent pas le pouvoir politique dans la commune. Le niveau de diplome, la competence administrative et l’affiliation a un parti politique viennent ainsi concurrencer les ressources traditionnelles de la grande bourgeoisie commercante creole et permettent aux membres des classes moyennes d’etre elus. Ce renouvellement du personnel politique a modifie la place des femmes creoles dans les institutions politiques locales. Si du temps des notables, elles faisaient campagne dans les maisons, dans la sphere privee et a travers leur reseau catholique, elles apparaissent desormais dans l’espace public et accedent au mandat.","PeriodicalId":39805,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Rurales","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70201457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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