The mechanisms by which sea surface temperatures (SSTs) decrease by passage of typhoons under various initial oceanic conditions and the atmospheric boundary conditions were investigated. A stronger wind stress, slower typhoon translation, excessive heat flux from the sea to the atmosphere, a thinner initial mixed layer, and a greater vertical gradient of the sea temperature in the thermocline layer, all have an effect on mixed layer temperature (MLT) cooling. MLT cooling occurs through intermingled processes by enhanced entrainment and upwelling. In contrast, horizontal advection produced by near-inertial oscillation has a slight effect on determining the distributions of MLTs. The depth in the mixed layer near the area along the typhoon track is determined by the magnitudes of the wind stresses and the translation speeds irrespective of the initial thickness of the mixed layer. In addition, under different wind stresses, translation speeds, and vertical profiles of sea temperatures, the MLT cooling is closely related to the ratio of maximum variation of depth by upwelling to the maximum thickness of the mixed layer. The ratio of maximum variation of depth by upwelling to the maximum thickness of the mixed layer under conditions of excessive heat fluxes, is the same as that under conditions of no heat flux. However, MLT cooling under conditions in which the maximum heat flux reaches 800W/m2 is 0.7°C greater than those in no heat flux. In this case, seawater cooling at the transition layer caused by entrainment influences MLT cooling. Numerical simulations were conducted to elucidate the 3°C SST cooling by Typhoon Rex that was observed by R/V Keifu Maru of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). The SST variation obtained by numerical simulation captures the aspects of observational SSTs reported by R/V Keifu Maru, in that the SST rapidly decreases and the maximum SST cooling reaches about 3°C. This rapid SST cooling is mainly caused by the stronger wind stresses and slower translation speeds of Typhoon Rex. The ocean heat contents, based on the model-computed sea temperature, are closely related to the intensities of Typhoon Rex.
{"title":"The Processes of SST Cooling by Typhoon Passage and Case Study of Typhoon Rex with a Mixed layer Ocean Model.","authors":"A. Wada","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.52.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.52.31","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanisms by which sea surface temperatures (SSTs) decrease by passage of typhoons under various initial oceanic conditions and the atmospheric boundary conditions were investigated. A stronger wind stress, slower typhoon translation, excessive heat flux from the sea to the atmosphere, a thinner initial mixed layer, and a greater vertical gradient of the sea temperature in the thermocline layer, all have an effect on mixed layer temperature (MLT) cooling. MLT cooling occurs through intermingled processes by enhanced entrainment and upwelling. In contrast, horizontal advection produced by near-inertial oscillation has a slight effect on determining the distributions of MLTs. The depth in the mixed layer near the area along the typhoon track is determined by the magnitudes of the wind stresses and the translation speeds irrespective of the initial thickness of the mixed layer. In addition, under different wind stresses, translation speeds, and vertical profiles of sea temperatures, the MLT cooling is closely related to the ratio of maximum variation of depth by upwelling to the maximum thickness of the mixed layer. The ratio of maximum variation of depth by upwelling to the maximum thickness of the mixed layer under conditions of excessive heat fluxes, is the same as that under conditions of no heat flux. However, MLT cooling under conditions in which the maximum heat flux reaches 800W/m2 is 0.7°C greater than those in no heat flux. In this case, seawater cooling at the transition layer caused by entrainment influences MLT cooling. Numerical simulations were conducted to elucidate the 3°C SST cooling by Typhoon Rex that was observed by R/V Keifu Maru of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). The SST variation obtained by numerical simulation captures the aspects of observational SSTs reported by R/V Keifu Maru, in that the SST rapidly decreases and the maximum SST cooling reaches about 3°C. This rapid SST cooling is mainly caused by the stronger wind stresses and slower translation speeds of Typhoon Rex. The ocean heat contents, based on the model-computed sea temperature, are closely related to the intensities of Typhoon Rex.","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"52 1","pages":"31-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69024364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automatic Determination of Focal Mechanism Solution Using Initial Motion Polarity of P Waves.","authors":"Masaki Nakamura","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.52.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.52.81","url":null,"abstract":"自動的に、P波の初動極性を取得し、発震機構解を決定し、十分な精度で発震機構解が決定できているか否かを判別する手法を提案した。P波の初動極性を取得する際には、まず、ベッセルバンドパスフィルタを適用し、次に、ARモデルを用いてP波の初動到達時を得、ARフィルタを適用した。発震機構解の決定には、グリッドサーチによる手法を用いた。十分な精度で発震機構解が決定できているか否かを判別するために、解の安定性、過去に発生した地震の発震機構解等から総合的に判断し、発震機構解の決定精度の評価を行った。気象庁によって読みとられた初動極性の70%が、本手法を適用することによって得られた。また、両者でくい違った験測を行っているのは全体の3.5%以下であり、十分な精度で初動極性の自動験測が行われた。さらに、本手法を適用することにより、気象庁で発震機構解が得られた地震の2.8倍以上の地震について、決定精度の良い解を得ることができた。M<2の内陸浅発地震やMが決定されていないような小さな深い地震でも、十分な精度で発震機構解が決定できることもある。本手法を適用することにより、十分な精度で効率的に発震機構解を決定することができる。","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"52 1","pages":"81-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69024187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zonal symmetric atmospheric motions are dominant in the tropical latitudes, suggesting that the meridional mass transport there depends largely on Hadley-type circulation. Simulated movements of air parcels were analyzed in low latitudes under ideal axially symmetric conditions to evaluate the contribution of this meridional circulation to interhemispheric exchanges. A three-dimensional atmospheric general circulation model was modified into an axially symmetric model. It demonstrated that a cross-equatorial mass exchange often takes place easily as air parcels reach a simulated inter tropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Unsteady components of atmospheric northward or southward motions are important for a cross-equatorial mass exchange, and meridional asymmetry of the Hadley circulation due to displacement of the ITCZ from the equator greatly influences the characteristics of a mass exchange, such as the amount of exchangeable air mass and the mass exchange time. The mass exchange time in simulated ideal Hadley circulations was estimated to be 0.1 to 0.2 yr. The model in this study is ideal axially symmetric, so this exchange time scale should not be applied directly to 3-D global models or the real world. However, it is very interesting and important that this time scale is much shorter than those obtained from conventional analyses of the observed distribution of minor constituents, and that the idealized Hadley circulation induced in the model tropics performs a more efficient interhemispheric exchange.
{"title":"Interhemispheric Mass Exchange Due to Ideal Tropical Hadley-Type Circulations Simulated by an Axially Symmetric 2-D Global Model.","authors":"K. Murazaki, H. Kida, M. Chiba","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.52.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.52.67","url":null,"abstract":"Zonal symmetric atmospheric motions are dominant in the tropical latitudes, suggesting that the meridional mass transport there depends largely on Hadley-type circulation. Simulated movements of air parcels were analyzed in low latitudes under ideal axially symmetric conditions to evaluate the contribution of this meridional circulation to interhemispheric exchanges. A three-dimensional atmospheric general circulation model was modified into an axially symmetric model. It demonstrated that a cross-equatorial mass exchange often takes place easily as air parcels reach a simulated inter tropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Unsteady components of atmospheric northward or southward motions are important for a cross-equatorial mass exchange, and meridional asymmetry of the Hadley circulation due to displacement of the ITCZ from the equator greatly influences the characteristics of a mass exchange, such as the amount of exchangeable air mass and the mass exchange time. The mass exchange time in simulated ideal Hadley circulations was estimated to be 0.1 to 0.2 yr. The model in this study is ideal axially symmetric, so this exchange time scale should not be applied directly to 3-D global models or the real world. However, it is very interesting and important that this time scale is much shorter than those obtained from conventional analyses of the observed distribution of minor constituents, and that the idealized Hadley circulation induced in the model tropics performs a more efficient interhemispheric exchange.","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"52 1","pages":"67-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69024628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masaki Nakamura, Y. Yoshida, D. Zhao, Kazumitsu Yoshikawa, H. Takayama, G. Aoki, H. Kuroki, T. Yamazaki, J. Kasahara, T. Kanazawa, Toshinori Sato, H. Shiobara, H. Shimamura, A. Nakanishi
{"title":"Three-dimensional P and S Wave Velocity Structure beneath Central Japan.","authors":"Masaki Nakamura, Y. Yoshida, D. Zhao, Kazumitsu Yoshikawa, H. Takayama, G. Aoki, H. Kuroki, T. Yamazaki, J. Kasahara, T. Kanazawa, Toshinori Sato, H. Shiobara, H. Shimamura, A. Nakanishi","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.53.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.53.1","url":null,"abstract":"中部日本におけるP波およびS波の3次元速度構造を地震波走時トモグラフィーを用いて求めた。その際、定常観測点で得られる自然地震を対象とした観測値だけでなく、人工地震や海域における臨時観測点等を用いた観測値を積極的に利用した。得られた成果は以下の通りである。沈み込むフィリピン海プレートと思われる高速度域が検出された。フィリピン海プレートは、少し高角度で沈み込み始め、その後なだらかになり、最後は高角に沈み込んでいる。35°N、136.5°E付近では、フィリピン海プレートが分かれている。将来発生が懸念されている東海地震の固着域の北西隣は、プレート間カップリングが弱い。35.6°Nから35.8°N、137.5°E、深さ100kmから200km付近で、非地震性のフィリピン海プレートが検出された。","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69024330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Grouping and Correction of GPS Tokai Area 3-hour Analysis.","authors":"Akio Kobayashi, Takeyasu Yamamoto, Y. Hatanaka, K. Maruyama, Jun Takenaka, Makoto Ogata","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.53.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.53.75","url":null,"abstract":"気象庁と国土地理院によりGPS東海地域3時間解析の運用が1998年に開始された。この解析により得られた座標値や斜距離の精度や特徴を把握するために調査を行った。この結果、3時間解析の斜距離のばらつきは1日解析の2～3倍であること、観測点が座標値の偏差の相関が高い6つのグループに分けられ、これらが解析クラスターとアンテナ・架台タイプに対応していることが判明した。このうちアンテナ・架台タイプによるものは、2001年7月の新解析システムの導入によりグループ化が解消した。","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"53 1","pages":"75-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69024518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Matthes, K. Kodera, J. Haigh, D. Shindell, K. Shibata, U. Langematz, E. Rozanov, Y. Kuroda
The GRIPS solar intercomparison project presented here is part of the “GCM Reality Intercomparison Project for SPARC (GRIPS)” focusing only on the influence of 11-year solar-cycle variations on the atmosphere. The aim of the present comparison is to assess the problems related to the simulation of the solar influence in order to better define future experiments. Results from different GCMs will be presented to investigate whether there is any consistency between them or with existing model studies and observations. Each of the different GCMs used the same wavelength-dependent solar irradiance changes as well as the resulting ozone changes calculated with 2-D chemical models enabling a better intercomparison of the different GCMs. It turns out that each model response is different and that the model results are dependent on the model climatologies that vary widely both among themselves and with observations. One of the major problems encountered during the comparison is the lack of reliable observational evidence for the solar influence on climate (e.g., temperature, ozone). There are also important uncertainties of the forcings used for the model simulations (solar energy spectrum, ozone).
{"title":"GRIPS Solar Experiments Intercomparison Project: Initial Results","authors":"K. Matthes, K. Kodera, J. Haigh, D. Shindell, K. Shibata, U. Langematz, E. Rozanov, Y. Kuroda","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.54.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.54.71","url":null,"abstract":"The GRIPS solar intercomparison project presented here is part of the “GCM Reality Intercomparison Project for SPARC (GRIPS)” focusing only on the influence of 11-year solar-cycle variations on the atmosphere. The aim of the present comparison is to assess the problems related to the simulation of the solar influence in order to better define future experiments. Results from different GCMs will be presented to investigate whether there is any consistency between them or with existing model studies and observations. Each of the different GCMs used the same wavelength-dependent solar irradiance changes as well as the resulting ozone changes calculated with 2-D chemical models enabling a better intercomparison of the different GCMs. It turns out that each model response is different and that the model results are dependent on the model climatologies that vary widely both among themselves and with observations. One of the major problems encountered during the comparison is the lack of reliable observational evidence for the solar influence on climate (e.g., temperature, ozone). There are also important uncertainties of the forcings used for the model simulations (solar energy spectrum, ozone).","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"54 1","pages":"71-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.54.71","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69024779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of convective instability and frontogenetic circulation in the torrential rainfall in the Tokai District on 11-12 September 2000.","authors":"N. Kitabatake","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.53.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.53.91","url":null,"abstract":"2000年9月11日から12日にかけて、東海地方を中心に多いところで500mm/48hを超える豪雨があった。このときの総観場とそれによる豪雨の維持機構を、現業観測データと気象庁全球客観解析を用いて診断した。 豪雨の最盛期には、下層で湿潤絶対不安定成層が観測された。これは対流不安定成層の持ち上げによって生成されたと考えられる。θeの水平移流は925hPaの正の移流と700hPaの負の移流が同程度の大きさで、これらが下層の対流不安定の維持に同程度に寄与していたと思われる。 対流不安定成層を持ち上げるforcingは、下層のgeostrophic frontogenesisで説明された。日本付近ではまず、南海上の台風と日本の北の低気圧と太平洋高気圧により、合流の変形によるfrontogenesisが生じた。そこへ40N付近を中層の擾乱が東進して傾圧帯へ接近し、北陸地方のジオポテンシャル高度低下とシアー変形によるfrontogenesisの増大に寄与した。シアーfrontogenesisの位置とタイミングは東海地方の豪雨の最盛期とよく一致していた。またジオポテンシャル高度の低下により南風が強まると、それがさらに対流不安定の増大やfrontogenesisに寄与した。","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"53 1","pages":"91-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69024591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.2467/MRIPAPERS.51.147
H. Ueda
In this paper, we studied the equatorial monsoon systems and its association with the dipole mode in the Indian Ocean using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) and sea-surface temperature (SST) data. The western Indian Ocean is characterized by a prominent semi-annual cycle, in contrast, the eastern Indian Ocean is dominated by an annual cycle. Because of the above phase difference in the tropical Indian Ocean between its western and eastern regions, the east-west (colder-warmer) SST contrast is usually enhanced in autumn. The inter-annual dipole mode, usually seen in autumn, can be understood as a result of the enforced climatological SST contrast. The termination of the dipole mode is closely connected with the appearance of the climatological suppressed convection during February-March over the entire tropical Indian Ocean. The influence of the reversed Walker Circulation on the Indian Ocean, in response to the ENSO event, exhibits a distinct seasonal difference. If a divergent wind appears in summer over the Indian Ocean, the resultant SST becomes warmer (colder) in the western (eastern) Indian Ocean through air-sea interaction. Thus, the seasonal differences of the coupling process between the monsoon and the ENSO may be a significant factor for understanding the phase-locking feature of the dipole mode.
{"title":"Equatorial Monsoon System as Regulation for a Dipole Mode in the Indian Ocean.","authors":"H. Ueda","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.51.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.51.147","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we studied the equatorial monsoon systems and its association with the dipole mode in the Indian Ocean using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) and sea-surface temperature (SST) data. The western Indian Ocean is characterized by a prominent semi-annual cycle, in contrast, the eastern Indian Ocean is dominated by an annual cycle. Because of the above phase difference in the tropical Indian Ocean between its western and eastern regions, the east-west (colder-warmer) SST contrast is usually enhanced in autumn. The inter-annual dipole mode, usually seen in autumn, can be understood as a result of the enforced climatological SST contrast. The termination of the dipole mode is closely connected with the appearance of the climatological suppressed convection during February-March over the entire tropical Indian Ocean. The influence of the reversed Walker Circulation on the Indian Ocean, in response to the ENSO event, exhibits a distinct seasonal difference. If a divergent wind appears in summer over the Indian Ocean, the resultant SST becomes warmer (colder) in the western (eastern) Indian Ocean through air-sea interaction. Thus, the seasonal differences of the coupling process between the monsoon and the ENSO may be a significant factor for understanding the phase-locking feature of the dipole mode.","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"9 1","pages":"147-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69023834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A kind of thermal forcing (negative forcing, i.e., cooling) is introduced into Eady waves in the two-dimensional semigeostrophic system. As a result of the forcing, the potential vorticity is Newtonian-damped to a positive constant value. In the presence of the forcing, Eady waves with wave numbers in some range are destabilized (i.e., the growth rate is augmented compared with the adiabatic case) in the far future. However, in the early period up to about twice [t] (the temporal scale of the considered phenomena), the stabilizing effect (i.e., diminishing growth rate) is dominant. The destabilizing effect clearly emerges only after three to four times [t].
{"title":"Eady Wave with Thermal Forcing.","authors":"H. Kanehisa","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.51.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.51.39","url":null,"abstract":"A kind of thermal forcing (negative forcing, i.e., cooling) is introduced into Eady waves in the two-dimensional semigeostrophic system. As a result of the forcing, the potential vorticity is Newtonian-damped to a positive constant value. In the presence of the forcing, Eady waves with wave numbers in some range are destabilized (i.e., the growth rate is augmented compared with the adiabatic case) in the far future. However, in the early period up to about twice [t] (the temporal scale of the considered phenomena), the stabilizing effect (i.e., diminishing growth rate) is dominant. The destabilizing effect clearly emerges only after three to four times [t].","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"51 1","pages":"39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69023892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimated vertical mixing lengths of the ozone wave in tropopause folding observed at the summit of Mt. Fuji on November 15, 1995","authors":"Y. Tsutsumi","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.52.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.52.1","url":null,"abstract":"1995年11月15日に富士山頂でトロポポーズフォールディングを観測した。このフォールディングは山頂で強い波状のオゾン変動を示したので、プランドルの混合長理論を用いて山頂高度でのオゾン波動中の鉛直混合距離をケーススタディとして見積もった。その結果、山頂での継続時間は18分と短かったものの、最大でオゾン振幅10.1ppbvという波が観測された。この波は、245.1mの鉛直混合距離に相当する。フォールディングの間中観測された他の波は、それぞれ鉛直混合距離が45.1、72.0、70.8、102.5mと見積もられた。観測したフォールディングはこれまで富士山頂で観測したフォールディングの中で珍しい波状構造を持っていた。そのためこのフォールディングの値をフォールディング一般の典型値とする事は出来ない。また、この見積もりはケーススタディであり、また多くの仮定を含んでいることにも注意しなければならない。しかし、東アジア域でのフォールディングの直接観測はほとんど無いので、この結果は意義があると考えられる。この解析に加えて、もしリモートセンシング法を含む何らかの手段でフォールディング中の波動の鉛直擾乱速度が判れば、今後富士山頂の個々のフォールディングに対して成層圏から対流圏へのオゾンフラックス量の見積もりが出来る可能性がある。","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"52 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69023981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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