Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.2467/MRIPAPERS.51.125
Atsushi Obata
The invasion of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) in the ocean is simulated with an ocean biogeochemical circulation model. The model includes an isopycnal diffusion scheme for realistic tracer distributions in the ocean interior. Anthropogenic CO2 is added to a one-box atmosphere in the course of a simulated time integration from the preindustrial state to the present day. The atmospheric CO2 concentration in the model increases and reaches 354 μatm in 1990. The ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2 is 2.1 GtC year-1 of the anthropogenic CO2 emission of 6 GtC year-1. The subpolar and polar regions in the basins, the equatorial Pacific and the Southern Ocean are strong sinks. In these regions deep waters, which are not equilibrated with atmospheric CO2, are supplied to the surface primarily by wind-driven upwelling. Much anthropogenic CO2 is accumulated in the subtropical gyres by Ekman convergence of surface waters and is transported to the depths in the North Atlantic through the deep western boundary current, respectively. These results are consistent with previous observational and model studies. The isopycnal diffusion in the model plays an important role in the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 at subpolar and polar latitudes and in its transport to the depths. The time integration into the future indicates that advection by the North Atlantic Deep Water is most effective in the century-scale transport of anthropogenic CO2 into the ocean interior. Central regions of subtropical gyres become filled with anthropogenic CO2 and are less effective for the uptake of anthropogenic CO2.
{"title":"Ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2 in a general circulation. Biogeochemical model including isopycnal diffusion.","authors":"Atsushi Obata","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.51.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.51.125","url":null,"abstract":"The invasion of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) in the ocean is simulated with an ocean biogeochemical circulation model. The model includes an isopycnal diffusion scheme for realistic tracer distributions in the ocean interior. Anthropogenic CO2 is added to a one-box atmosphere in the course of a simulated time integration from the preindustrial state to the present day. The atmospheric CO2 concentration in the model increases and reaches 354 μatm in 1990. The ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2 is 2.1 GtC year-1 of the anthropogenic CO2 emission of 6 GtC year-1. The subpolar and polar regions in the basins, the equatorial Pacific and the Southern Ocean are strong sinks. In these regions deep waters, which are not equilibrated with atmospheric CO2, are supplied to the surface primarily by wind-driven upwelling. Much anthropogenic CO2 is accumulated in the subtropical gyres by Ekman convergence of surface waters and is transported to the depths in the North Atlantic through the deep western boundary current, respectively. These results are consistent with previous observational and model studies. The isopycnal diffusion in the model plays an important role in the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 at subpolar and polar latitudes and in its transport to the depths. The time integration into the future indicates that advection by the North Atlantic Deep Water is most effective in the century-scale transport of anthropogenic CO2 into the ocean interior. Central regions of subtropical gyres become filled with anthropogenic CO2 and are less effective for the uptake of anthropogenic CO2.","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"51 1","pages":"125-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69023788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Case Study of Local Wind-Blown Dust Observed in Tsukuba, Japan","authors":"K. Okada, M. Ikegami","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.52.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.52.9","url":null,"abstract":"つくばにおいて、1991年2月5日の日中に発生した風塵を観測した。半径0.15から5μmのエアロゾル個数粒径分布の時間変化をオプティカルカウンターにより測定した。また、電子顕微鏡によって粒子組成を分析するため、エアロゾル粒子を電子顕微鏡グリッド上に採集した。 風塵の発生は大気の激しい鉛直混合が起っている気象状態において認められた。その発生時におけるエアロゾル粒径分布は、半径1μm以上の粗大粒子の濃度が高かった。しかし、電子顕微鏡分析から、粗大鉱物粒子のモードだけでなく、半径0.5μmより小さい半径領域にも鉱物粒子のモードがあることが分かった。 水平風速の増大による砂粒子のsaltationによるsandblastingとbombardment過程に加えて、塵旋風による鉱物粒子の巻き上げも風塵の発生にとって重要であることが示唆された。","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"52 1","pages":"9-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69024260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We developed an X-window program for estimating seismic moments and fault parameters of small earthquakes by waveform fitting. The graphical interface was adopted for operational convenience in routine processing. Manual parameter searching was implemented in the tool as well as waveform inversion. Body wave data recorded at stations within 100 kilometers of hypocenters are compared with synthetic records. Frequency components slightly lower than the corner frequency are used to estimate source parameters. Time for calculating synthetic records was reduced by preparing Green's functions beforehand. Source parameters were estimated by the tool for the earthquakes of Mw from 3.5 to 6.1 in the southern Kanto area.
{"title":"Seismic Moment Estimation of Small Earthquakes by Waveform Fitting.","authors":"A. Katsumata","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.51.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.51.1","url":null,"abstract":"We developed an X-window program for estimating seismic moments and fault parameters of small earthquakes by waveform fitting. The graphical interface was adopted for operational convenience in routine processing. Manual parameter searching was implemented in the tool as well as waveform inversion. Body wave data recorded at stations within 100 kilometers of hypocenters are compared with synthetic records. Frequency components slightly lower than the corner frequency are used to estimate source parameters. Time for calculating synthetic records was reduced by preparing Green's functions beforehand. Source parameters were estimated by the tool for the earthquakes of Mw from 3.5 to 6.1 in the southern Kanto area.","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69023767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dispersion effect is not negligible in the numerical simulation of far-field tsunamis propagating through deep oceans. Imamura et al. (1990) introduced a technique in which the discretization error in the finite difference equation of the linear long wave equation was used to approximate the physical dispersion term. The technique is widely accepted to compute trans-Pacific tsunamis caused by great earthquakes (Mw> 8). However, the technique has never been applied to compute tsunamis caused by smaller earthquakes (Mw< 7) because the approximation may break down. In order to compute the tsunami caused by the 1998 Papua New Guinea earthquake (Mw 7.1), we numerically solve the linear Boussinesq equation, which includes the physical dispersion term, using an implicit scheme. For comparison, we also compute the tsunami using Imamura's technique. The comparison of the computed waveforms at the ocean bottom pressure gauge off Boso (BS3-OBP) from the two numerical simulations indicates that the linear Boussinesq equation should be used to simulate the tsunami waveform more accurately, especially the later phase of tsunami waveforms. We also found that the observed tsunami that was originally generated by the 1998 Papua New Guinea earthquake and recorded at BS3-OBP was a ridge wave. The ridge wave was enhanced by the shallow water region around the Izu-Bonin Islands.
在深海远场海啸传播的数值模拟中，频散效应是不可忽略的。Imamura et al.(1990)介绍了一种利用线性长波方程有限差分方程中的离散化误差来近似物理色散项的技术。该技术被广泛用于计算由大地震(Mw bbbb8)引起的跨太平洋海啸。然而，该技术从未被应用于计算由较小地震(Mw< 7)引起的海啸，因为这种近似可能会失效。为了计算1998年巴布亚新几内亚地震(Mw 7.1)引起的海啸，我们使用隐式格式对包含物理色散项的线性Boussinesq方程进行了数值求解。为了比较，我们也用Imamura的方法计算了海啸。两次数值模拟的波索海底压力计(BS3-OBP)计算波形的比较表明，应采用线性Boussinesq方程更准确地模拟海啸波形，特别是海啸波形的后期。我们还发现，观测到的最初由1998年巴布亚新几内亚地震产生并记录在BS3-OBP上的海啸为脊波。伊豆小原群岛周围的浅水区增强了脊波。
{"title":"Numerical simulation of far-field tsunami using the linear Boussinesq equation.","authors":"Y. Tanioka","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.51.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.51.17","url":null,"abstract":"The dispersion effect is not negligible in the numerical simulation of far-field tsunamis propagating through deep oceans. Imamura et al. (1990) introduced a technique in which the discretization error in the finite difference equation of the linear long wave equation was used to approximate the physical dispersion term. The technique is widely accepted to compute trans-Pacific tsunamis caused by great earthquakes (Mw> 8). However, the technique has never been applied to compute tsunamis caused by smaller earthquakes (Mw< 7) because the approximation may break down. In order to compute the tsunami caused by the 1998 Papua New Guinea earthquake (Mw 7.1), we numerically solve the linear Boussinesq equation, which includes the physical dispersion term, using an implicit scheme. For comparison, we also compute the tsunami using Imamura's technique. The comparison of the computed waveforms at the ocean bottom pressure gauge off Boso (BS3-OBP) from the two numerical simulations indicates that the linear Boussinesq equation should be used to simulate the tsunami waveform more accurately, especially the later phase of tsunami waveforms. We also found that the observed tsunami that was originally generated by the 1998 Papua New Guinea earthquake and recorded at BS3-OBP was a ridge wave. The ridge wave was enhanced by the shallow water region around the Izu-Bonin Islands.","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"51 1","pages":"17-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69023852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.2467/MRIPAPERS.50.125
H. Kanehisa
An approximate formula for the vertical flux of horizontal momentum (momentum flux for brevity) generated by topography is derived. A steady non-rotating hydrostatic 3-dimensional linear problem is considered. The height of topography is a function of both horizontal coordinates, and its environmental flow has vertical shears of both magnitude and direction. Because of the directional shear, critical levels are present continuously in the vertical direction. In the presence of the critical levels, the momentum flux vector is azimuthally filtered continuously in the vertical direction, and becomes a function of the vertical coordinate. The formula shows that, except for the azimuthal filtering, the momentum flux vector is approximately the same as that for a uniform environmental flow, whose velocity is equal to the original environmental flow velocity at the ground.
{"title":"A Formula for Vertical Flux of Horizontal Momentum Generated by Topography.","authors":"H. Kanehisa","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.50.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.50.125","url":null,"abstract":"An approximate formula for the vertical flux of horizontal momentum (momentum flux for brevity) generated by topography is derived. A steady non-rotating hydrostatic 3-dimensional linear problem is considered. The height of topography is a function of both horizontal coordinates, and its environmental flow has vertical shears of both magnitude and direction. Because of the directional shear, critical levels are present continuously in the vertical direction. In the presence of the critical levels, the momentum flux vector is azimuthally filtered continuously in the vertical direction, and becomes a function of the vertical coordinate. The formula shows that, except for the azimuthal filtering, the momentum flux vector is approximately the same as that for a uniform environmental flow, whose velocity is equal to the original environmental flow velocity at the ground.","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"50 1","pages":"125-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69023995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.2467/MRIPAPERS.50.131
H. Kanehisa
{"title":"A Formula of Ekman Pumping for a Meso-scale Straining Flow.","authors":"H. Kanehisa","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.50.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.50.131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"50 1","pages":"131-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69024056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-12-20DOI: 10.2467/MRIPAPERS.50.113
T. Takashima, K. Masuda, K. Arai
A multipurpose field radiometer (Optical Research Corporation Model MSR7000) was modified to measure the degree of polarization and radiance of skylight either on the ground or on a ship. The atmospheric observations were performed over Railroad Valley (38°32'N, 115°44'W), Nevada (USA) where the altitude is 1435m in wavelengths from 400nm to 1000nm. The polarization initially increased with increasing wavelength and reached a maximum of 70% at around 500nm. It then decreased with a further increase of wavelength. This trend might be explained by contamination of aerosols in the atmosphere if the surface reflectance is low. Furthermore, at fixed wavelengths polarization decreased generally with increasing sun elevation, whereas the surface reflectance factor increased. Based on a sun-photometer measurement, the atmospheric aerosols were stable during the measurements. In a simulation in which the surface is assumed to be Lambertian with a fixed reflectance, the skylight polarization decreased with increasing sun elevation. The observed magnitude of changing skylight polarization with solar elevation is smaller than that of simulated results. This might be mainly due to neglecting polarization generated by the surface and partly due to neglecting directional dependence of reflectance.
{"title":"Measurement of Skylight Polarization with Surface Reflectance Over Railroad Valley, Nevada.","authors":"T. Takashima, K. Masuda, K. Arai","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.50.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.50.113","url":null,"abstract":"A multipurpose field radiometer (Optical Research Corporation Model MSR7000) was modified to measure the degree of polarization and radiance of skylight either on the ground or on a ship. The atmospheric observations were performed over Railroad Valley (38°32'N, 115°44'W), Nevada (USA) where the altitude is 1435m in wavelengths from 400nm to 1000nm. The polarization initially increased with increasing wavelength and reached a maximum of 70% at around 500nm. It then decreased with a further increase of wavelength. This trend might be explained by contamination of aerosols in the atmosphere if the surface reflectance is low. Furthermore, at fixed wavelengths polarization decreased generally with increasing sun elevation, whereas the surface reflectance factor increased. Based on a sun-photometer measurement, the atmospheric aerosols were stable during the measurements. In a simulation in which the surface is assumed to be Lambertian with a fixed reflectance, the skylight polarization decreased with increasing sun elevation. The observed magnitude of changing skylight polarization with solar elevation is smaller than that of simulated results. This might be mainly due to neglecting polarization generated by the surface and partly due to neglecting directional dependence of reflectance.","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"50 1","pages":"113-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69023866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The MRI atmospheric general circulation model has been used to study the effect of horizontal resolution on the simulation of Asian summer monsoon. The model has been integrated for an eight year period with three different horizontal resolutions designated as Low (4°lat X 5°long), Medium (3°lat X 3.3°long) and High (2°lat X 2.5°long), respectively. The results indicate that the increase of horizontal resolution improved the simulation of mean sea level pressure and precipitation patterns. The high resolution model simulates a heat low and monsoon trough in agreement with the observations, while the low resolution model simulates an abnormal heat low over north India. The high resolution model simulates the precipitation maxima over the Bay of Bengal and the south Indian ocean, and a dry region over the Tarim basin better, while the low resolution model better simulates the precipitation maximum over the Arabian sea. All the models simulate weaker monsoon circulation while the increase of horizontal resolution leads to further weakening of low level monsoon westerlies. The results of this study conclude that the increase of horizontal resolution improved the simulation of many observed features of the Asian summer monsoon circulation, but certain features deteriorated indicating that the model parameterizations may need to be suitably modified.
{"title":"MRI GCM-IIによるアジアの夏季モンスーンのシミュレーションに対する水平解像度の効果","authors":"A. Chandrasekar, D. V. B. Rao, 昭雄 鬼頭","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.50.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.50.65","url":null,"abstract":"The MRI atmospheric general circulation model has been used to study the effect of horizontal resolution on the simulation of Asian summer monsoon. The model has been integrated for an eight year period with three different horizontal resolutions designated as Low (4°lat X 5°long), Medium (3°lat X 3.3°long) and High (2°lat X 2.5°long), respectively. The results indicate that the increase of horizontal resolution improved the simulation of mean sea level pressure and precipitation patterns. The high resolution model simulates a heat low and monsoon trough in agreement with the observations, while the low resolution model simulates an abnormal heat low over north India. The high resolution model simulates the precipitation maxima over the Bay of Bengal and the south Indian ocean, and a dry region over the Tarim basin better, while the low resolution model better simulates the precipitation maximum over the Arabian sea. All the models simulate weaker monsoon circulation while the increase of horizontal resolution leads to further weakening of low level monsoon westerlies. The results of this study conclude that the increase of horizontal resolution improved the simulation of many observed features of the Asian summer monsoon circulation, but certain features deteriorated indicating that the model parameterizations may need to be suitably modified.","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"50 1","pages":"65-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69024075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relation between prevailing visibility and relative humidity measured at Tokyo International Airport was studied by taking aerosol mass concentration into consideration. The period used for the analysis is from December 1995 to March 1996, and from December 1996 to March 1997. An empirical equation which shows the relation was proposed and it has three parameters α, β and γ. The parameter α is the ratio of extinction coefficient (evaluated from visibility) to aerosol mass concentration in dry conditions. The parameter γ is an exponent which determines the ratio α (1-ƒ) γ at relative humidity ƒ. The parameter β is the correction value for measured aerosol mass concentration. In this study, the values of the parameters α, β and γ were calculated to be 3.0m2g-1, 32μgm-3 and -0.51, respectively. The value α -1 of 0.33gm-2 is almost the same as that of 0.32±0.02gm-2 reported by Waggoner and Weiss (1980), even if the cutoff radius of aerosols in this study (≤5μm) was larger than that in their measurements. The growth rate of aerosol particles with increasing relative humidity estimated in this study was equal to the value for the “normal” particles described in Kasten (1969). The calculated visibility in another period of 15-21 February 1994 was obtained by using the parameters α, β and γ evaluated in this study, aerosol mass concentration and relative humidity measured during this period. The comparison showed that the calculated visibility coincided with observed visibility in this case.
{"title":"Dependence of Prevailing Visibility on Relative Humidity at Tokyo International Airport.","authors":"Susumu Iwakura, K. Okada","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.50.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.50.81","url":null,"abstract":"The relation between prevailing visibility and relative humidity measured at Tokyo International Airport was studied by taking aerosol mass concentration into consideration. The period used for the analysis is from December 1995 to March 1996, and from December 1996 to March 1997. An empirical equation which shows the relation was proposed and it has three parameters α, β and γ. The parameter α is the ratio of extinction coefficient (evaluated from visibility) to aerosol mass concentration in dry conditions. The parameter γ is an exponent which determines the ratio α (1-ƒ) γ at relative humidity ƒ. The parameter β is the correction value for measured aerosol mass concentration. In this study, the values of the parameters α, β and γ were calculated to be 3.0m2g-1, 32μgm-3 and -0.51, respectively. The value α -1 of 0.33gm-2 is almost the same as that of 0.32±0.02gm-2 reported by Waggoner and Weiss (1980), even if the cutoff radius of aerosols in this study (≤5μm) was larger than that in their measurements. The growth rate of aerosol particles with increasing relative humidity estimated in this study was equal to the value for the “normal” particles described in Kasten (1969). The calculated visibility in another period of 15-21 February 1994 was obtained by using the parameters α, β and γ evaluated in this study, aerosol mass concentration and relative humidity measured during this period. The comparison showed that the calculated visibility coincided with observed visibility in this case.","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"50 1","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69024139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Globally Balanced Equations for a Localized Meso-scale Disturbance Embedded in a Large-scale Flow.","authors":"H. Kanehisa","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.50.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.50.91","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"50 1","pages":"91-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69023663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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