Journal of Applied Social Science最新文献_第5页

Applying Political Knowledge in Modern Combat: How the U.S. Military Can Use Social Science to Achieve Cross-Cultural Competency 在现代战斗中运用政治知识:美国军队如何利用社会科学来实现跨文化能力

Q3 Social Sciences

Journal of Applied Social Science

Pub Date : 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.1177/19367244221108065

Richard Ledet

Culture is a prominent theme in U.S. military doctrine, and the Department of Defense has invested much effort in improving the cultural competency of military professionals. This article utilizes first-person reflections of the author, a political scientist who worked in an advisory capacity for the Army in Afghanistan in 2012, to support arguments for applying the social sciences as a way to address the need for improved cultural competency training provided to military personnel. Observations are described, followed by brief analyses of how knowledge of social science concepts, methods, and theories proved to be an instrumental means through which the author’s missions were understood at the time and ultimately conducted in a manner that improved the chances of success. This article therefore provides a unique perspective on the value of social science education, specifically political science, to obtain cultural competency among military personnel engaged in modern combat operations.

文化是美国军事理论的一个突出主题，国防部在提高军事专业人员的文化能力方面投入了大量精力。作者是一名政治学家，曾于2012年在阿富汗担任陆军顾问。本文利用作者的第一人称反思来支持将社会科学作为一种方式来解决为军事人员提供改进文化能力培训的需求。书中描述了观察结果，然后简要分析了社会科学概念、方法和理论的知识如何被证明是一种工具手段，通过这种手段，作者的任务在当时被理解，并最终以一种提高成功机会的方式进行。因此，本文提供了一个独特的视角来看待社会科学教育的价值，特别是政治科学，以获得从事现代作战行动的军事人员的文化能力。

引用次数: 0

Tourism Development and Income Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does Governance Matter? 撒哈拉以南非洲的旅游业发展与收入不平等:治理重要吗?

Q3 Social Sciences

Journal of Applied Social Science

Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1177/19367244221095213

N. Odhiambo

This study examines the relationship between tourism development, governance, and income inequality in 31 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. In the main, the study aims at examining whether tourism inflows ameliorate or exacerbate income inequality in the studied countries. The study also aims to examine whether institutional governance modulates the impact of tourism development on income inequality. For robustness, four proxies of governance indicators have been used, namely, the rule of law, voice and accountability, political stability, and government effectiveness, thereby leading to four separate specifications with four interaction variables. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), which accounts for endogeneity, has been used to examine this linkage. Contrary to some of the previous studies, the results of our study show that an increase in tourist arrivals leads to a decrease in income inequality in the studied SSA countries. The results also show that the favorable negative impact of tourism on income inequality could switch to an unfavorable positive impact if the following levels of governance are exceeded: 1.6842, 3.1429, and 0.7436 for voice and accountability, political stability, and government effectiveness, respectively. Policy implications are discussed.

本研究考察了31个撒哈拉以南非洲(SSA)国家旅游业发展、治理和收入不平等之间的关系。总的来说，这项研究的目的是检查旅游流入是改善还是加剧了所研究国家的收入不平等。该研究还旨在考察制度治理是否调节旅游发展对收入不平等的影响。为了稳健性，我们使用了治理指标的四个代理，即法治、话语权和问责制、政治稳定和政府有效性，从而得出了四个具有四个相互作用变量的独立规范。广义矩法(GMM)，这说明了内生性，已被用来检查这种联系。与之前的一些研究相反，我们的研究结果表明，在被研究的SSA国家，游客人数的增加导致收入不平等的减少。结果还表明，如果超过以下治理水平:话语权和问责制、政治稳定和政府有效性分别为1.6842、3.1429和0.7436，旅游业对收入不平等的有利负面影响可能转变为不利的积极影响。讨论了政策影响。

{"title":"Tourism Development and Income Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does Governance Matter?","authors":"N. Odhiambo","doi":"10.1177/19367244221095213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19367244221095213","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relationship between tourism development, governance, and income inequality in 31 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. In the main, the study aims at examining whether tourism inflows ameliorate or exacerbate income inequality in the studied countries. The study also aims to examine whether institutional governance modulates the impact of tourism development on income inequality. For robustness, four proxies of governance indicators have been used, namely, the rule of law, voice and accountability, political stability, and government effectiveness, thereby leading to four separate specifications with four interaction variables. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), which accounts for endogeneity, has been used to examine this linkage. Contrary to some of the previous studies, the results of our study show that an increase in tourist arrivals leads to a decrease in income inequality in the studied SSA countries. The results also show that the favorable negative impact of tourism on income inequality could switch to an unfavorable positive impact if the following levels of governance are exceeded: 1.6842, 3.1429, and 0.7436 for voice and accountability, political stability, and government effectiveness, respectively. Policy implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":39829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Social Science","volume":"56 1","pages":"637 - 651"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88272918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Single Incidents or Patterns of Control? Researcher-Practitioner Differences in Screening for Intimate Partner Violence 单一事件还是控制模式?研究者与实践者在亲密伴侣暴力筛查中的差异

Q3 Social Sciences

Journal of Applied Social Science

Pub Date : 2022-06-03 DOI: 10.1177/19367244221099892

E. Levine, Jessica Dickenson

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has long been recognized as a pervasive and urgent problem. Yet, there is no consensus on what constitutes IPV, and screening practices vary widely across professional domains. Whereas many researchers approach IPV as potentially bidirectional, and assessment tools in research and emergency healthcare often categorize any violence within a romantic partnership as IPV, antiviolence advocates tend to conceptualize IPV as a pattern of controlling behaviors. We engage Karen Barad’s theory of agential realism to explore the complexity of IPV and how professionals screening for “the same” phenomenon may classify individuals (participants, patients, or clients) and relationships differently. This variation is particularly important for applied researchers. Those who conceptualize IPV as being potentially bidirectional may classify some individuals as “victim-perpetrators” who would otherwise be classified solely as “survivors” or “perpetrators” by antiviolence advocates. Those who conceptualize any incident of violence as constituting IPV may classify a number of individuals as victims or perpetrators, and a number of relationships as abusive, that would screen as non-IPV in many advocacy contexts. This limits the capacity of research to substantively inform practitioners’ efforts to address what they conceptualize and subsequently operationalize as IPV.

亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)一直被认为是一个普遍而紧迫的问题。然而，对于什么是IPV并没有达成共识，而且筛查做法在不同的专业领域差别很大。尽管许多研究人员认为IPV可能是双向的，研究和紧急医疗保健中的评估工具经常将浪漫伙伴关系中的任何暴力行为归类为IPV，但反暴力倡导者倾向于将IPV概念化为一种控制行为模式。我们采用Karen Barad的代理现实主义理论来探索IPV的复杂性，以及专业人士如何对“相同”现象进行筛选，从而对个体(参与者、患者或客户)和关系进行不同的分类。这种变化对应用研究人员来说尤为重要。那些认为IPV具有潜在双向性的人可能会将一些人归类为“受害者-加害者”，否则反暴力倡导者会将他们单独归类为“幸存者”或“加害者”。那些将任何暴力事件概念化为构成IPV的人可能会将一些人归类为受害者或肇事者，并将一些关系归类为虐待，这在许多倡导背景下将被筛选为非IPV。这限制了研究的能力，无法实质性地为从业者的努力提供信息，以解决他们概念化并随后作为IPV实施的问题。

{"title":"Single Incidents or Patterns of Control? Researcher-Practitioner Differences in Screening for Intimate Partner Violence","authors":"E. Levine, Jessica Dickenson","doi":"10.1177/19367244221099892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19367244221099892","url":null,"abstract":"Intimate partner violence (IPV) has long been recognized as a pervasive and urgent problem. Yet, there is no consensus on what constitutes IPV, and screening practices vary widely across professional domains. Whereas many researchers approach IPV as potentially bidirectional, and assessment tools in research and emergency healthcare often categorize any violence within a romantic partnership as IPV, antiviolence advocates tend to conceptualize IPV as a pattern of controlling behaviors. We engage Karen Barad’s theory of agential realism to explore the complexity of IPV and how professionals screening for “the same” phenomenon may classify individuals (participants, patients, or clients) and relationships differently. This variation is particularly important for applied researchers. Those who conceptualize IPV as being potentially bidirectional may classify some individuals as “victim-perpetrators” who would otherwise be classified solely as “survivors” or “perpetrators” by antiviolence advocates. Those who conceptualize any incident of violence as constituting IPV may classify a number of individuals as victims or perpetrators, and a number of relationships as abusive, that would screen as non-IPV in many advocacy contexts. This limits the capacity of research to substantively inform practitioners’ efforts to address what they conceptualize and subsequently operationalize as IPV.","PeriodicalId":39829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Social Science","volume":"630 1","pages":"590 - 606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77649219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

References to Evidence-based Program Registry (EBPR) websites for behavioral health in U.S. state government statutes and regulations. 参考基于证据的程序注册(EBPR)网站的行为健康在美国州政府法规和条例。

Q3 Social Sciences

Journal of Applied Social Science

Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.1177/19367244221078278

Miranda J Lee, Michael J Maranda, Stephen Magura, Gregory Greenman

Background and aim: U.S. state governments have the responsibility to regulate and license behavioral healthcare interventions, such as for addiction and mental illness, with increasing emphasis on implementing evidence-based programs (EBPs). A serious obstacle to this is lack of clarity or agreement about what constitutes "evidence-based." The study's purpose was to determine the extent to which and in what contexts web-based Evidence-based Program Registries (EBPRs) are referenced in state government statutes and regulations ("mandates") concerning behavioral healthcare. Examples are: What Works Clearinghouse; National Register of Evidence-based Programs and Practices; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.

Methods: The study employed the Westlaw Legal Research Database to search for 30 known EBPR websites relevant to behavioral healthcare within the statutes and regulations of all 50 states.

Results: There was low prevalence of EBPR references in state statutes and regulations pertaining to behavioral healthcare; 20 states had a total of 33 mandates that referenced an EBPR. These mandates usually do not rely on an EBPR as the sole acceptable source for classifying a program or practice as "evidence-based." Instead, EBPRs were named in conjunction with internal state or external sources of information about putative program effectiveness, which may be less valid than EBPRs, to determine what is "evidence-based."

Conclusion: Greater awareness of scientifically - based EBPRs and greater understanding of their advantages need to be fostered among state legislators and regulators charged with making policy to increase or improve the use of evidence-based programs and practices in behavioral healthcare in the U.S.

背景和目的:美国州政府有责任规范和许可行为卫生保健干预措施，如成瘾和精神疾病，并日益强调实施循证方案(ebp)。这方面的一个严重障碍是对什么是“循证”缺乏明确或一致的认识。本研究的目的是确定基于网络的循证项目登记处(ebpr)在何种程度上以及在何种背景下被引用到与行为保健有关的州政府法规和条例(“命令”)中。例子有:What Works Clearinghouse;国家循证项目和实践登记册;Cochrane系统评价数据库。方法:本研究采用Westlaw法律研究数据库，在全美50个州的法律法规中检索30个已知的与行为医疗保健相关的EBPR网站。结果:与行为卫生保健相关的国家法规中EBPR的引用率较低;20个州总共有33项法令提到了EBPR。这些授权通常不依赖EBPR作为将项目或实践分类为“循证”的唯一可接受的来源。相反，ebpr与内部状态或关于假定项目有效性的外部信息来源一起命名，这些信息可能不如ebpr有效，以确定什么是“基于证据的”。“结论:在美国，负责制定政策以增加或改善基于证据的项目和行为医疗实践的州立法人员和监管人员需要加强对基于科学的ebpr的认识，并加深对其优势的理解

{"title":"References to Evidence-based Program Registry (EBPR) websites for behavioral health in U.S. state government statutes and regulations.","authors":"Miranda J Lee, Michael J Maranda, Stephen Magura, Gregory Greenman","doi":"10.1177/19367244221078278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19367244221078278","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aim: U.S. state governments have the responsibility to regulate and license behavioral healthcare interventions, such as for addiction and mental illness, with increasing emphasis on implementing evidence-based programs (EBPs). A serious obstacle to this is lack of clarity or agreement about what constitutes \"evidence-based.\" The study's purpose was to determine the extent to which and in what contexts web-based Evidence-based Program Registries (EBPRs) are referenced in state government statutes and regulations (\"mandates\") concerning behavioral healthcare. Examples are: What Works Clearinghouse; National Register of Evidence-based Programs and Practices; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.Methods: The study employed the Westlaw Legal Research Database to search for 30 known EBPR websites relevant to behavioral healthcare within the statutes and regulations of all 50 states.Results: There was low prevalence of EBPR references in state statutes and regulations pertaining to behavioral healthcare; 20 states had a total of 33 mandates that referenced an EBPR. These mandates usually do not rely on an EBPR as the sole acceptable source for classifying a program or practice as \"evidence-based.\" Instead, EBPRs were named in conjunction with internal state or external sources of information about putative program effectiveness, which may be less valid than EBPRs, to determine what is \"evidence-based.\"Conclusion: Greater awareness of scientifically - based EBPRs and greater understanding of their advantages need to be fostered among state legislators and regulators charged with making policy to increase or improve the use of evidence-based programs and practices in behavioral healthcare in the U.S.","PeriodicalId":39829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Social Science","volume":"16 2","pages":"442-458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9306327/pdf/nihms-1811160.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40644215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Emerging Adults’ Peer Acceptance of Those Who Appear to be Undergoing Chemotherapy 刚成年的同龄人对那些似乎正在接受化疗的人的接受程度

Q3 Social Sciences

Journal of Applied Social Science

Pub Date : 2022-05-14 DOI: 10.1177/19367244221094810

Megan Mikesell, J. Troilo

Physical appearance has been shown to be heavily influential in the overall peer acceptance of an individual. Yet, the role of a changing physical appearance due to an illness (e.g., cancer) and its impact on peer acceptance has garnered little focus. This study considered how appearing as if undergoing treatment for cancer impacted peer acceptance in emerging adults. Using photo vignettes, a sample of 182 emerging adults (79 percent female; 21 percent male) evaluated four types of hypothetical emerging adult peers. Results showed that the healthy models had significantly different peer acceptance scores compared with the chemotherapy models. A positive association between microsystem exposure to cancer and peer acceptance ratings was also found. Clinical applications to foster more microsystem influences, such as social support groups on university campuses, and future directions, such as the use of video vignettes, are provided.

外表已经被证明对一个人的整体同伴接受度有很大的影响。然而，由于疾病(如癌症)导致的外貌变化的作用及其对同伴接受度的影响却很少得到关注。这项研究考虑了似乎正在接受癌症治疗的样子是如何影响新生成人的同伴接受度的。利用照片小插图，182名刚成年的人(79%为女性;21%的男性)评估了四种假想的即将成年的同伴。结果显示，健康模型与化疗模型的同伴接受得分存在显著差异。微系统暴露于癌症和同伴接受评级之间也存在正相关。提供了临床应用，以培养更多的微系统影响，如大学校园的社会支持小组，以及未来的方向，如使用视频短片。

引用次数: 0

An fsQCA Analysis of Qualified Immunity and Police Use of Force: An Applied Sociology Approach 合格豁免与警察使用武力的fsQCA分析:应用社会学方法

Q3 Social Sciences

Journal of Applied Social Science

Pub Date : 2022-04-19 DOI: 10.1177/19367244221085231

Søren Gran

Police officers are expected to serve and protect civilians. Yet cases of police officers harming, sometimes killing, people they are expected to serve and protect have received renewed attention in the United States. Notable cases have led to protests, calls for reforms, and disputes about roles of police officers. This study employs Applied Sociology approaches to questions around reforms of policing in the United States. This study examines reforms to legal protections police enjoy through use of force and qualified immunity laws. Analyzing data for the 50 U.S. states and Washington, DC, this study examines whether legal protections police officers possess are associated with excessive use of force against civilians. This study finds that civilian killings by police tend to be higher in states whose governments are characterized as beyond civilian control. Where Republicans control state government and police officers enjoy broad protections, police killings of civilians tend to be higher. This study finds that racial conflict may be a powerful factor related to police killings of civilians. Applied Sociology demonstrates that reforms should concentrate on not only legal protections police enjoy but also societal structures shaping their efforts to serve and protect civilians.

警察被期望服务和保护平民。然而，在美国，警察伤害、有时甚至杀害他们本应服务和保护的人的案件再次引起了人们的关注。一些引人注目的案件引发了抗议、改革呼声以及关于警察角色的争议。本研究采用应用社会学的方法来研究美国警务改革的问题。本研究考察了警察通过使用武力和有条件豁免法享有的法律保护的改革。本研究分析了美国50个州和华盛顿特区的数据，探讨了警察拥有的法律保护是否与对平民过度使用武力有关。这项研究发现，在那些政府被定性为不受文官控制的州，警察杀害平民的比例往往更高。在共和党控制州政府、警察享有广泛保护的地方，警察杀害平民的比例往往更高。本研究发现，种族冲突可能是警察杀害平民的一个重要因素。应用社会学表明，改革不仅应集中在警察享有的法律保护上，还应集中在塑造警察服务和保护平民努力的社会结构上。

{"title":"An fsQCA Analysis of Qualified Immunity and Police Use of Force: An Applied Sociology Approach","authors":"Søren Gran","doi":"10.1177/19367244221085231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19367244221085231","url":null,"abstract":"Police officers are expected to serve and protect civilians. Yet cases of police officers harming, sometimes killing, people they are expected to serve and protect have received renewed attention in the United States. Notable cases have led to protests, calls for reforms, and disputes about roles of police officers. This study employs Applied Sociology approaches to questions around reforms of policing in the United States. This study examines reforms to legal protections police enjoy through use of force and qualified immunity laws. Analyzing data for the 50 U.S. states and Washington, DC, this study examines whether legal protections police officers possess are associated with excessive use of force against civilians. This study finds that civilian killings by police tend to be higher in states whose governments are characterized as beyond civilian control. Where Republicans control state government and police officers enjoy broad protections, police killings of civilians tend to be higher. This study finds that racial conflict may be a powerful factor related to police killings of civilians. Applied Sociology demonstrates that reforms should concentrate on not only legal protections police enjoy but also societal structures shaping their efforts to serve and protect civilians.","PeriodicalId":39829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Social Science","volume":"227 1","pages":"572 - 589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80159124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Smoking Cessation Interventions across Different Stages of Change 不同改变阶段的戒烟干预

Q3 Social Sciences

Journal of Applied Social Science

Pub Date : 2022-04-08 DOI: 10.1177/19367244221080968

Asrar Ahmad, Jagwinder Singh

Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. The current cessation therapies devised include cognitive-behavioral treatments and pharmacotherapies. Pharmacological strategies can have the unfortunate side-effect of opioid additions. Cognitive-behavioral techniques have been used for smoking cessation in varying degrees of efficacy. This variance results from a myopic view of interventions and a lack of understanding of the target population. The current study uses Exploratory Factor Analysis to group different interventions in cognitive, therapeutic, emotion-focused, and behavioral interventions. The current study also identifies the efficacy of different groups of interventions across different stages of change. The current research can inform future smoking cessation campaigns to develop tailored interventions for the target population.

吸烟是世界上可预防死亡的主要原因。目前的戒烟疗法包括认知行为疗法和药物疗法。药理学策略可能有阿片类药物添加的不幸副作用。认知行为技术已被用于不同程度的戒烟效果。这种差异源于对干预措施的短视和对目标人群缺乏了解。本研究采用探索性因素分析对认知干预、治疗干预、情绪干预和行为干预进行分组。目前的研究还确定了不同组的干预措施在不同的变化阶段的功效。目前的研究可以为未来的戒烟运动提供信息，为目标人群制定量身定制的干预措施。

引用次数: 0

Growing Up White Saviors 成长中的白人救世主

Q3 Social Sciences

Journal of Applied Social Science

Pub Date : 2022-03-25 DOI: 10.1177/19367244221082023

A. Finnegan

In an enduring moment of pandemic, racial reckoning, and grave economic inequalities, the question of how white people with privilege most effectively and ethically engage momentous social problems remains. I inquire whether those who have participated in the white savior complex earlier in their lives later commit to more critical, reflexive, and collective forms of social justice organizing. Based on 21 interviews and a survey with people who had formerly participated in advocacy pertaining to the protection of children affected by the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) war between 2008 and 2010, this work explores what enables the white savior complex, whether white saviors can change, and if so, what facilitates transformation. Ultimately, I argue that the white savior complex is about being extraordinary. It is part of a pursuit to find purpose. It is about being right and good—and it is about reaching out to assist another while avoiding examination of both oneself and the conditions that enable the suffering in the first place. I found that people who have been engaged in the white savior complex can and do change. Yet, growing up and transforming from the white savior complex is not inevitable. It takes time, new social networks, and education that cultivates critical consciousness. I conclude by naming antidotes to the white savior complex: efforts which place lineage, humility, and curiosity at the center. Such efforts incorporate accountability and critical feedback and invoke concerted reflection on structural determination as well as personal social location identities and motivations.

在流行病、种族清算和严重经济不平等的持久时刻，拥有特权的白人如何最有效、最道德地解决重大社会问题的问题仍然存在。我想知道，那些在生命早期参与过白人救世主情结的人，是否会在后来投身于更具批判性、反思性和集体性的社会正义组织。基于21次访谈和对2008年至2010年间曾参与保护受上帝抵抗军(LRA)战争影响的儿童的倡导活动的人的调查，本作品探讨了是什么促成了白人救世主情结，白人救世主是否可以改变，如果可以，是什么促进了转变。最后，我认为白人救世主情结是关于与众不同的。这是追求目标的一部分。它是关于正确和善良的——它是关于伸出援手帮助他人，同时避免审视自己和最初导致痛苦的条件。我发现那些一直沉浸在白人救世主情结中的人能够而且确实改变了。然而，从白人救世主情结中成长和转变并不是必然的。这需要时间、新的社会网络和培养批判意识的教育。最后，我列举了白人救世主情结的解药:把血统、谦逊和好奇心放在中心位置的努力。这种努力包括问责制和批判性反馈，并引起对结构决定以及个人社会位置身份和动机的一致反思。

{"title":"Growing Up White Saviors","authors":"A. Finnegan","doi":"10.1177/19367244221082023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19367244221082023","url":null,"abstract":"In an enduring moment of pandemic, racial reckoning, and grave economic inequalities, the question of how white people with privilege most effectively and ethically engage momentous social problems remains. I inquire whether those who have participated in the white savior complex earlier in their lives later commit to more critical, reflexive, and collective forms of social justice organizing. Based on 21 interviews and a survey with people who had formerly participated in advocacy pertaining to the protection of children affected by the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) war between 2008 and 2010, this work explores what enables the white savior complex, whether white saviors can change, and if so, what facilitates transformation. Ultimately, I argue that the white savior complex is about being extraordinary. It is part of a pursuit to find purpose. It is about being right and good—and it is about reaching out to assist another while avoiding examination of both oneself and the conditions that enable the suffering in the first place. I found that people who have been engaged in the white savior complex can and do change. Yet, growing up and transforming from the white savior complex is not inevitable. It takes time, new social networks, and education that cultivates critical consciousness. I conclude by naming antidotes to the white savior complex: efforts which place lineage, humility, and curiosity at the center. Such efforts incorporate accountability and critical feedback and invoke concerted reflection on structural determination as well as personal social location identities and motivations.","PeriodicalId":39829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Social Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"617 - 636"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89391318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Women’s Land Ownership and Gender Equality in Nepal 尼泊尔妇女的土地所有权和性别平等

Q3 Social Sciences

Journal of Applied Social Science

Pub Date : 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.1177/19367244221077624

Srijana Koirala

The study is an endeavor to contribute to the impact developing social circumstances regarding land ownership among women and its relation to gender equality. The purpose of this research debunks the factors effecting women land ownership and their impact on socio-economic equality. A survey was done among 100 women of a remote village, in southern Lalitpur regarding land ownership, with relation to variables such as level of education of women, ethnicity, age, presence of legal documents, knowledge of government policies, and family structure. Factors such as occupation of women, role in household decision making, and involvement in social and political spheres were also studied in relation to their land ownership. The survey was done with purposive and proportional stratified sampling among ethnic communities of Brahmin/Chhetri and Janajati. A questionnaire survey, key informant survey, focus group discussion and in-depth case study were done. Twenty-one percent of the females interviewed had land on their own and this data also had a variation with ethnic communities. It was found that women with land feel confident in the social and economic sphere of society. Brahmin community was found to be more aware of the government policies encouraging female land ownership than the Janajati community. This study aims to add knowledge on the conversation in gender equality and its relation to land and property ownership.

这项研究是为了促进发展中的社会环境对妇女土地所有权的影响及其与两性平等的关系。这项研究的目的是揭露影响妇女土地所有权的因素及其对社会经济平等的影响。对拉利特普尔南部一个偏远村庄的100名妇女进行了一项关于土地所有权的调查，调查涉及妇女的教育水平、种族、年龄、是否有法律文件、对政府政策的了解和家庭结构等变量。还研究了妇女的职业、在家庭决策中的作用以及在社会和政治领域的参与等与她们的土地所有权有关的因素。该调查是在婆罗门/切特里和Janajati民族社区中进行的有目的和比例分层抽样。通过问卷调查、关键信息调查、焦点小组讨论和深入的案例研究。21%的受访女性拥有自己的土地，这一数据也因种族社区而异。据发现，有土地的妇女对社会的社会和经济领域感到自信。婆罗门社区比Janajati社区更了解政府鼓励女性拥有土地的政策。本研究旨在增加关于性别平等及其与土地和财产所有权关系的对话的知识。

{"title":"Women’s Land Ownership and Gender Equality in Nepal","authors":"Srijana Koirala","doi":"10.1177/19367244221077624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19367244221077624","url":null,"abstract":"The study is an endeavor to contribute to the impact developing social circumstances regarding land ownership among women and its relation to gender equality. The purpose of this research debunks the factors effecting women land ownership and their impact on socio-economic equality. A survey was done among 100 women of a remote village, in southern Lalitpur regarding land ownership, with relation to variables such as level of education of women, ethnicity, age, presence of legal documents, knowledge of government policies, and family structure. Factors such as occupation of women, role in household decision making, and involvement in social and political spheres were also studied in relation to their land ownership. The survey was done with purposive and proportional stratified sampling among ethnic communities of Brahmin/Chhetri and Janajati. A questionnaire survey, key informant survey, focus group discussion and in-depth case study were done. Twenty-one percent of the females interviewed had land on their own and this data also had a variation with ethnic communities. It was found that women with land feel confident in the social and economic sphere of society. Brahmin community was found to be more aware of the government policies encouraging female land ownership than the Janajati community. This study aims to add knowledge on the conversation in gender equality and its relation to land and property ownership.","PeriodicalId":39829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Social Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"533 - 547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90223645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Therapies without Pride: An Explorative Study of the Therapist’s Perspective on the Quality of the Social Bond with Clients in Cognitive Behavior Therapy and a Psychodynamic Therapy against Men’s Violence in Sweden 没有骄傲的治疗:瑞典男性暴力的认知行为治疗和心理动力治疗中治疗师对与来访者社会联系质量的观点的探索性研究

Q3 Social Sciences

Journal of Applied Social Science

Pub Date : 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.1177/19367244221078506

Peter M. Jansson

This explorative paper aims to test a model of operationalized subindicators that allows for a simplified analysis of the social bond between therapists and clients in violence therapy. A theoretical premise of this work is that a stable social bond is a prerequisite for the client’s building a positive self-image and becoming reintegrated into society as nonviolent. The research entails the comparison of two different therapy treatments. A psychodynamic therapy against men’s violence, undertaken voluntarily and frequently used in Nordic countries, is compared to a compulsory cognitive behavior therapy used for men in correctional settings. Although the therapists in both treatments attempt to balance the relationship between themselves and the clients, both therapies tend to alienate the parties from each other, thereby preventing the development of a stable social bond of solidarity. For both treatments, an awareness is needed of those parts of the therapy that evoke shame and pride, thereby permitting an evaluation of the treatment so that the positive quality of the social bond can develop.

这篇探索性论文旨在测试一个可操作的子指标模型，该模型允许对暴力治疗中治疗师和客户之间的社会联系进行简化分析。这项工作的理论前提是，稳定的社会关系是客户建立积极的自我形象并以非暴力方式重新融入社会的先决条件。这项研究需要比较两种不同的治疗方法。一种针对男性暴力的心理动力疗法，在北欧国家自愿进行并经常使用，与矫正机构中用于男性的强制性认知行为疗法进行了比较。尽管两种治疗方法中的治疗师都试图平衡他们自己和来访者之间的关系，但两种治疗方法都倾向于使双方彼此疏远，从而阻碍了稳定的社会团结纽带的发展。对于这两种治疗，都需要意识到治疗中那些引起羞耻和骄傲的部分，从而允许对治疗进行评估，以便社会纽带的积极品质得以发展。

{"title":"Therapies without Pride: An Explorative Study of the Therapist’s Perspective on the Quality of the Social Bond with Clients in Cognitive Behavior Therapy and a Psychodynamic Therapy against Men’s Violence in Sweden","authors":"Peter M. Jansson","doi":"10.1177/19367244221078506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19367244221078506","url":null,"abstract":"This explorative paper aims to test a model of operationalized subindicators that allows for a simplified analysis of the social bond between therapists and clients in violence therapy. A theoretical premise of this work is that a stable social bond is a prerequisite for the client’s building a positive self-image and becoming reintegrated into society as nonviolent. The research entails the comparison of two different therapy treatments. A psychodynamic therapy against men’s violence, undertaken voluntarily and frequently used in Nordic countries, is compared to a compulsory cognitive behavior therapy used for men in correctional settings. Although the therapists in both treatments attempt to balance the relationship between themselves and the clients, both therapies tend to alienate the parties from each other, thereby preventing the development of a stable social bond of solidarity. For both treatments, an awareness is needed of those parts of the therapy that evoke shame and pride, thereby permitting an evaluation of the treatment so that the positive quality of the social bond can develop.","PeriodicalId":39829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Social Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"382 - 398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82197645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0