Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.3989/PIRINEOS.2012.167006
Enrique Morán Tejeda
In recent decades, the environmental changes due to human development have put pressure on water resources in the Mediterranean basin, a region where availability of water has been historically limited. In this work we analyze the evolution and variability (1961-2005) of streamflows in one of the largest rivers basin of the Iberian Peninsula, the Duero River basin. Moreover, the factors responsible for such evolution are assessed. Results show a significant and generalized decrease of water resources in the basin, together with changes in the timing of monthly distribution. Climate itself, with quasi-stationary precipitation and increasing temperatures in the long-term, is not enough to explain the decreasing streamflows. Thus, observed land-cover expansion in the headwaters is thought to be increasingly contributing to the hydrological depletion. On the other hand, impoundment of water through dams is increasing in the basin and consequently contributing the hydrological change. Results offer the basis for future projections of water availability in scenarios of water scarcity due to forthcoming climate change
{"title":"Impactos recientes de los cambios ambientales en los recursos hídricos superficiales de la cuenca del Duero","authors":"Enrique Morán Tejeda","doi":"10.3989/PIRINEOS.2012.167006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/PIRINEOS.2012.167006","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, the environmental changes due to human development have put pressure on water resources in the Mediterranean basin, a region where availability of water has been historically limited. In this work we analyze the evolution and variability (1961-2005) of streamflows in one of the largest rivers basin of the Iberian Peninsula, the Duero River basin. Moreover, the factors responsible for such evolution are assessed. Results show a significant and generalized decrease of water resources in the basin, together with changes in the timing of monthly distribution. Climate itself, with quasi-stationary precipitation and increasing temperatures in the long-term, is not enough to explain the decreasing streamflows. Thus, observed land-cover expansion in the headwaters is thought to be increasingly contributing to the hydrological depletion. On the other hand, impoundment of water through dams is increasing in the basin and consequently contributing the hydrological change. Results offer the basis for future projections of water availability in scenarios of water scarcity due to forthcoming climate change","PeriodicalId":39887,"journal":{"name":"Pirineos","volume":"4 1","pages":"107-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74336502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.3989/PIRINEOS.2012.167002
J. Ives
Mountain geoecology, as a sub-discipline of Geography, stems from the life and work of Carl Troll who, in turn, was inspired by the philosophy and mountain travels of Alexander von Humboldt. As founding chair of the IGU Commission on High-Altitude Geoecology (1968), Troll laid the foundations for inter-disciplinary and international mountain research. The paper traces the evolution of the Commission and its close links with the UNESCO Man and Biosphere Programme (1972-) and the United Nations University’s mountain Project (1978-). This facilitated the formation of a major force for inclusion of a mountain chapter in AGENDA 21 during the 1992 Rio de Janeiro Herat Summit (UNCED) and the related designation by the United Nations of 2002 as the International Year of Mountains. In this way, mountain geoecology not only contributed to worldwide mountain research but also entered the political arena in the struggle for sustainable mountain development and the well-being of mountain people.
{"title":"The origins of mountain geoecology","authors":"J. Ives","doi":"10.3989/PIRINEOS.2012.167002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/PIRINEOS.2012.167002","url":null,"abstract":"Mountain geoecology, as a sub-discipline of Geography, stems from the life and work of Carl Troll who, in turn, was inspired by the philosophy and mountain travels of Alexander von Humboldt. As founding chair of the IGU Commission on High-Altitude Geoecology (1968), Troll laid the foundations for inter-disciplinary and international mountain research. The paper traces the evolution of the Commission and its close links with the UNESCO Man and Biosphere Programme (1972-) and the United Nations University’s mountain Project (1978-). This facilitated the formation of a major force for inclusion of a mountain chapter in AGENDA 21 during the 1992 Rio de Janeiro Herat Summit (UNCED) and the related designation by the United Nations of 2002 as the International Year of Mountains. In this way, mountain geoecology not only contributed to worldwide mountain research but also entered the political arena in the struggle for sustainable mountain development and the well-being of mountain people.","PeriodicalId":39887,"journal":{"name":"Pirineos","volume":"52 1","pages":"15-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84483395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.3989/PIRINEOS.2012.167001
J. González-Trueba, J. García‐Ruiz
A short description of the work of Jack D. Ives is presented, as a tribute to this protagonist in the development of geoecological studies in mountain areas. His research in arctic and mountain environments (particularly the Rocky Mountains and the Himalayas) has provided a new global perspective, in which human activities and the organisation of human societies are the major factors explaining the complexity of mountain environments.
{"title":"Jack D. Ives and the geoecology of mountain areas","authors":"J. González-Trueba, J. García‐Ruiz","doi":"10.3989/PIRINEOS.2012.167001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/PIRINEOS.2012.167001","url":null,"abstract":"A short description of the work of Jack D. Ives is presented, as a tribute to this protagonist in the development of geoecological studies in mountain areas. His research in arctic and mountain environments (particularly the Rocky Mountains and the Himalayas) has provided a new global perspective, in which human activities and the organisation of human societies are the major factors explaining the complexity of mountain environments.","PeriodicalId":39887,"journal":{"name":"Pirineos","volume":"42 1","pages":"7-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83660491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.3989/PIRINEOS.2012.167008
S. Fassnacht, K. A. Dressler, D. Hultstrand, R. Bales, G. Patterson
The relation between snow water equivalent (SWE) and 28 variables (27 topographically-based topographic variables and canopy density) for the Colorado River Basin, USA was explored through a multi-variate regression. These variables include location, slope and aspect at different scales, derived variables to indicate the distance to sources of moisture and proximity to and characteristics of obstacles between these moisture sources and areas of snow accumulation, and canopy density. A weekly time step of snow telemetry (SNOTEL) SWE data from 1990 through 1999 was used. The most important variables were elevation and regional scale (81 km²) slope. Since the seasonal and inter-annual variability is high, a regression relationship should be formulated for each time step. The inter-annual variation in the relation between SWE and topographic variables partially corresponded with the amount of snow accumulated over the season and the El Nino Southern Oscillation cycle.
{"title":"Temporal inconsistencies in coarse-scale snow water equivalent patterns: Colorado River Basin snow telemetry-topography regressions","authors":"S. Fassnacht, K. A. Dressler, D. Hultstrand, R. Bales, G. Patterson","doi":"10.3989/PIRINEOS.2012.167008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/PIRINEOS.2012.167008","url":null,"abstract":"The relation between snow water equivalent (SWE) and 28 variables (27 topographically-based topographic variables and canopy density) for the Colorado River Basin, USA was explored through a multi-variate regression. These variables include location, slope and aspect at different scales, derived variables to indicate the distance to sources of moisture and proximity to and characteristics of obstacles between these moisture sources and areas of snow accumulation, and canopy density. A weekly time step of snow telemetry (SNOTEL) SWE data from 1990 through 1999 was used. The most important variables were elevation and regional scale (81 km²) slope. Since the seasonal and inter-annual variability is high, a regression relationship should be formulated for each time step. The inter-annual variation in the relation between SWE and topographic variables partially corresponded with the amount of snow accumulated over the season and the El Nino Southern Oscillation cycle.","PeriodicalId":39887,"journal":{"name":"Pirineos","volume":"5 1","pages":"165-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75355953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.3989/PIRINEOS.2012.167005
P. E. Vea, M. P. Durán, E. Aguilar
This paper shows the results obtained for the calculation of annual and seasonal trends of maximum and minimum temperature and precipitation from three climatic series of the Principality of Andorra (Pyrenees), and located between 1140 and the 1645 m. The estimated trends have been obtained for the period 1935-2008 corresponding to the whole length of the series, and for the sub-period 1950-2008. From the same series, at a daily resolution, the indices of change defined by the ETCCDMI (Expert Team on Climate Change Detection Monitoring and Indices) have been also calculated. The results represent a solid description of the Andorran climate dynamics over the past eight decades and provide insight into the variability and climate change experienced in the Pyrenean country, characterized by its high altitude. The results confirm the trends identified regionally by other agencies, both French and Spanish. This confirms the significant increase in air temperature for the annual mean maximum temperature (0.13 to 0.15 oC/decade), for the summer maximum temperature (0.22 oC/decade), and the summer minimum temperature (0.11 oC/ decade). These trends are reinforced when the analysis focuses on the sub-period 1950-2008. For precipitation and for the period 1935-2008, only significant decreasing trends are obtained in the station Central and in summer (-5.4%/decade), while this behaviour is generalized and strengthened if we stick to the period 1950-2008. Finally, the results for the calculation of the ETCCDMI daily indices confirm and detail the results obtained at coarser resolution. Thus, the indices computed from the temperature series show an increase in extreme warm days and a decrease of their opposites. For precipitation rates, significant trends were not found for the period 1935-2008, while several indices did show statistically significant decreasing values for the sub-period 1950-2008.
{"title":"Tendencias recientes e índices de cambio climático de la temperatura y la precipitación en Andorra, Pirineos (1935-2008)","authors":"P. E. Vea, M. P. Durán, E. Aguilar","doi":"10.3989/PIRINEOS.2012.167005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/PIRINEOS.2012.167005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows the results obtained for the calculation of annual and seasonal trends of maximum and minimum temperature and precipitation from three climatic series of the Principality of Andorra (Pyrenees), and located between 1140 and the 1645 m. The estimated trends have been obtained for the period 1935-2008 corresponding to the whole length of the series, and for the sub-period 1950-2008. From the same series, at a daily resolution, the indices of change defined by the ETCCDMI (Expert Team on Climate Change Detection Monitoring and Indices) have been also calculated. \u0000The results represent a solid description of the Andorran climate dynamics over the past eight decades and provide insight into the variability and climate change experienced in the Pyrenean country, characterized by its high altitude. The results confirm the trends identified regionally by other agencies, both French and Spanish. This confirms the significant increase in air temperature for the annual mean maximum temperature (0.13 to 0.15 oC/decade), for the summer maximum temperature (0.22 oC/decade), and the summer minimum temperature (0.11 oC/ decade). These trends are reinforced when the analysis focuses on the sub-period 1950-2008. For precipitation and for the period 1935-2008, only significant decreasing trends are obtained in the station Central and in summer (-5.4%/decade), while this behaviour is generalized and strengthened if we stick to the period 1950-2008. Finally, the results for the calculation of the ETCCDMI daily indices confirm and detail the results obtained at coarser resolution. Thus, the indices computed from the temperature series show an increase in extreme warm days and a decrease of their opposites. For precipitation rates, significant trends were not found for the period 1935-2008, while several indices did show statistically significant decreasing values for the sub-period 1950-2008.","PeriodicalId":39887,"journal":{"name":"Pirineos","volume":"41 1","pages":"87-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75322863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.3989/pirineos.2012.167007
M. Fernández, F. F. Estaqué
espanolLas observaciones sobre el cambio medioambiental realizadas por usuarios locales pueden ser una importante fuente de informacion sobre las caracteristicas medioambientales del pasado y del presente para complementar los estudios cientificos y el monitoreo. En este estudio cualitativo documentamos observaciones sobre el cambio medioambiental realizadas por 27 ganaderos en los dos valles mas occidentales de los Pirineos centro occidentales espanoles. Resumen cambios climaticos relativos a la disminucion del caudal de las fuentes de montana y al aumento de la cubierta vegetal de matorrales y arbolado en las montanas. Las explicaciones sobre el aumento de arbolado difieren en los dos valles; sin embargo la mayoria de los ganaderos de ambos pueblos pensaban que la falta de presencia humana en las montanas contribuye a la invasion del matorral. Las observaciones de los ganaderos sobre los cambios medioambientales sugieren la necesidad de investigaciones adicionales sobre los cambios climaticos y de vegetacion en los Pirineos y evidencian las potenciales contribuciones del conocimiento local de los ganaderos para el monitoreo medioambiental, la investigacion y la gestion. EnglishObservations of environmental change by local resource users may be an important source of information about past and current environmental conditions to complement scientific studies and monitoring. In this exploratory, qualitative study, we documented observations of environmental change made by 27 stockmen in the two westernmost valleys of the Central Western Pyrenees of Spain. Pastoralists reported changes in weather, corresponding declines in the flow of mountain springs, and an increase in shrub and tree cover in the mountains. Explanations for the increase in woody plant cover differed in the two valleys; however, the majority of stockmen from both villages believed that the lack of human presence in the mountains contributes to shrub encroachment. Stockmen’s observations of environmental change suggest additional research needs regarding climate and vegetation change in the Pyrenees, and highlight the potential contributions of Pyrenean pastoralists’ local knowledge to environmental monitoring, research and management.
{"title":"Pyrenean pastoralists’observations of environmental change: An exploratory study in los Valles Occidentales of Aragón","authors":"M. Fernández, F. F. Estaqué","doi":"10.3989/pirineos.2012.167007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/pirineos.2012.167007","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLas observaciones sobre el cambio medioambiental realizadas por usuarios locales pueden ser una importante fuente de informacion sobre las caracteristicas medioambientales del pasado y del presente para complementar los estudios cientificos y el monitoreo. En este estudio cualitativo documentamos observaciones sobre el cambio medioambiental realizadas por 27 ganaderos en los dos valles mas occidentales de los Pirineos centro occidentales espanoles. Resumen cambios climaticos relativos a la disminucion del caudal de las fuentes de montana y al aumento de la cubierta vegetal de matorrales y arbolado en las montanas. Las explicaciones sobre el aumento de arbolado difieren en los dos valles; sin embargo la mayoria de los ganaderos de ambos pueblos pensaban que la falta de presencia humana en las montanas contribuye a la invasion del matorral. Las observaciones de los ganaderos sobre los cambios medioambientales sugieren la necesidad de investigaciones adicionales sobre los cambios climaticos y de vegetacion en los Pirineos y evidencian las potenciales contribuciones del conocimiento local de los ganaderos para el monitoreo medioambiental, la investigacion y la gestion. EnglishObservations of environmental change by local resource users may be an important source of information about past and current environmental conditions to complement scientific studies and monitoring. In this exploratory, qualitative study, we documented observations of environmental change made by 27 stockmen in the two westernmost valleys of the Central Western Pyrenees of Spain. Pastoralists reported changes in weather, corresponding declines in the flow of mountain springs, and an increase in shrub and tree cover in the mountains. Explanations for the increase in woody plant cover differed in the two valleys; however, the majority of stockmen from both villages believed that the lack of human presence in the mountains contributes to shrub encroachment. Stockmen’s observations of environmental change suggest additional research needs regarding climate and vegetation change in the Pyrenees, and highlight the potential contributions of Pyrenean pastoralists’ local knowledge to environmental monitoring, research and management.","PeriodicalId":39887,"journal":{"name":"Pirineos","volume":"30 1","pages":"143-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79893401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-30DOI: 10.3989/PIRINEOS.2011.166004
J. Ferreres, M. A. Escudero, E. Ferrer, J. Marco
As it has happened with other wild ungulates in Europe, the roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ) population in Aragon has suffered a considerable expansion during the last two decades. In the Iberian Mountains of Zaragoza (SIZ) this process come along with an increasing sporting interest in the species and the raising of conflicts due to crop damage, mainly on fruit trees and vineyards. The Government of Aragon is responsible of managing big game populations and fixes the hunting quotas. During the elaboration of hunting plans it has to consider different and even opposite interests and points of view, so availability of reliable population trends it is essential for the management of these populations. It has been developed a scheme for monitoring roe deer population in Aragon based on strip transect counts of pellet groups. This information is complemented by the sightings of roe deer during a fox and lagomorph monitoring scheme based on spotlight counts from car. In the Iberian Mountain System of Zaragoza, between 2005 and 2009, the survey results point that the roe deer abundance has doubled, and the mean density reaches 5.4 ± 0.33 roe deer/km 2 . Initially, management plans followed a conservative criterion in order to keep the population growing, with a moderate extraction rate, still hunt and a balanced sex-specific quota. Due to the positive trend of the species and the necessity of reducing damage caused to agriculture, mainly fruit trees, the management goals change to population control and it was decided to increase hunting pressure: hunting season was extended, hunting drives with dogs are authorized and the extraction rate is raised. Although the hunting quota fulfillment is close to 80%, and the number of shot deer has increased from 193 in 2005 to 1.084 in 2009, until now there is no reduction in the population growth.
{"title":"Gestión del corzo en Zaragoza: de conservación a control poblacional","authors":"J. Ferreres, M. A. Escudero, E. Ferrer, J. Marco","doi":"10.3989/PIRINEOS.2011.166004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/PIRINEOS.2011.166004","url":null,"abstract":"As it has happened with other wild ungulates in Europe, the roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ) population in Aragon has suffered a considerable expansion during the last two decades. In the Iberian Mountains of Zaragoza (SIZ) this process come along with an increasing sporting interest in the species and the raising of conflicts due to crop damage, mainly on fruit trees and vineyards. The Government of Aragon is responsible of managing big game populations and fixes the hunting quotas. During the elaboration of hunting plans it has to consider different and even opposite interests and points of view, so availability of reliable population trends it is essential for the management of these populations. It has been developed a scheme for monitoring roe deer population in Aragon based on strip transect counts of pellet groups. This information is complemented by the sightings of roe deer during a fox and lagomorph monitoring scheme based on spotlight counts from car. In the Iberian Mountain System of Zaragoza, between 2005 and 2009, the survey results point that the roe deer abundance has doubled, and the mean density reaches 5.4 ± 0.33 roe deer/km 2 . \u0000Initially, management plans followed a conservative criterion in order to keep the population growing, with a moderate extraction rate, still hunt and a balanced sex-specific quota. Due to the positive trend of the species and the necessity of reducing damage caused to agriculture, mainly fruit trees, the management goals change to population control and it was decided to increase hunting pressure: hunting season was extended, hunting drives with dogs are authorized and the extraction rate is raised. Although the hunting quota fulfillment is close to 80%, and the number of shot deer has increased from 193 in 2005 to 1.084 in 2009, until now there is no reduction in the population growth.","PeriodicalId":39887,"journal":{"name":"Pirineos","volume":"9 1","pages":"69-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75274016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-30DOI: 10.3989/PIRINEOS.2011.166001
Pelayo Acevedo, Raimundo Real, Christian Gortázar
Species distribution models (SDM) are widely used in ecology, biogeography and conservation. Here, we modelled the distribution of roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ) in mainland Spain in order to i) determine its macro-ecological requirements, ii) assess the favourability for this species and iii) explore the model usefulness as an index of the species relative abundance. Our results showed that roe deer distribution can be explained by predictors related with topography, climate, lithology, geography and human activity. Climate was the more relevant factor, followed by human activity, topography, spatial location and lithology. The model accurately predicted the species probability of occurrence and also, but weakly, the species’ relative abundance.
{"title":"Favorabilidad ecogeográfica para el corzo: distribución y abundancia","authors":"Pelayo Acevedo, Raimundo Real, Christian Gortázar","doi":"10.3989/PIRINEOS.2011.166001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/PIRINEOS.2011.166001","url":null,"abstract":"Species distribution models (SDM) are widely used in ecology, biogeography and conservation. Here, we modelled the distribution of roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ) in mainland Spain in order to i) determine its macro-ecological requirements, ii) assess the favourability for this species and iii) explore the model usefulness as an index of the species relative abundance. Our results showed that roe deer distribution can be explained by predictors related with topography, climate, lithology, geography and human activity. Climate was the more relevant factor, followed by human activity, topography, spatial location and lithology. The model accurately predicted the species probability of occurrence and also, but weakly, the species’ relative abundance.","PeriodicalId":39887,"journal":{"name":"Pirineos","volume":"5 1","pages":"9-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78660024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-30DOI: 10.3989/PIRINEOS.2011.166003
C. Bueno, Isabel C. Barrio, R. García-González, C. L. Alados, D. García
Wild boar rooting is nowadays one of the main disturbances in Pyrenean alpine grasslands. Its consequences for the ecosystem are not perfectly understood yet despite alpine grasslands in the Pyrenees have an important economic role and a priority conservation interest. The ecosystem services of this habitat lay mainly on pastoral and ecological values that wild boar rooting seems to affect. In this study, we measured those ecological and pastoral values at different scales to improve our understanding of the reach of these disturbances in this sensitive ecosystem. At landscape and community scales we compare disturbed and undisturbed areas in pastoral, ecological and community maps of the study area by means of a geographic information system. At a local scale we compare ecological and pastoral values of different plant groups (based on species abundance), within and outside wild boar rootings. A preference for areas of high pastoral and intermediate ecological values was found for wild boar rooting at the landscape level. However at the community level, disturbances notably reduced pastoral and ecological values in all communities. At the local level, the ecological value of bulbs and the pastoral value of annual dicots increased within disturbances, suggesting that disturbances may favour functional group diversity. In sum, wild boar rooting affects Pyrenean alpine grasslands moderately, with higher affection to pastoral than ecological values at all levels, what should be considered for the management and preservation of these habitats since these disturbances are likely to increase.
{"title":"Efecto de las hozaduras de jabalí sobre el valor ecológico y pastoral de pastos supraforestales pirenaicos","authors":"C. Bueno, Isabel C. Barrio, R. García-González, C. L. Alados, D. García","doi":"10.3989/PIRINEOS.2011.166003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/PIRINEOS.2011.166003","url":null,"abstract":"Wild boar rooting is nowadays one of the main disturbances in Pyrenean alpine grasslands. Its consequences for the ecosystem are not perfectly understood yet despite alpine grasslands in the Pyrenees have an important economic role and a priority conservation interest. The ecosystem services of this habitat lay mainly on pastoral and ecological values that wild boar rooting seems to affect. In this study, we measured those ecological and pastoral values at different scales to improve our understanding of the reach of these disturbances in this sensitive ecosystem. At landscape and community scales we compare disturbed and undisturbed areas in pastoral, ecological and community maps of the study area by means of a geographic information system. At a local scale we compare ecological and pastoral values of different plant groups (based on species abundance), within and outside wild boar rootings. A preference for areas of high pastoral and intermediate ecological values was found for wild boar rooting at the landscape level. However at the community level, disturbances notably reduced pastoral and ecological values in all communities. At the local level, the ecological value of bulbs and the pastoral value of annual dicots increased within disturbances, suggesting that disturbances may favour functional group diversity. In sum, wild boar rooting affects Pyrenean alpine grasslands moderately, with higher affection to pastoral than ecological values at all levels, what should be considered for the management and preservation of these habitats since these disturbances are likely to increase.","PeriodicalId":39887,"journal":{"name":"Pirineos","volume":"15 1","pages":"51-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82513651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-30DOI: 10.3989/PIRINEOS.2011.166006
J. Herrero, A. G. Serrano, C. Prada, O. F. Arberas
This study compared the efficacies of total block counts (BC) and distance sampling (DS) procedures to estimate the abundance of chamois populations in two mountain massifs, Posets and Maladeta, Spain. In 2002, 2006, 2007, and 2008, chamois populations were surveyed along itineraries above the timberline, twice per year: in July, after the parturition period, and in November, during the rut. The latter survey was used to estimate the sex ratio and to correct the proportion of males present in July. In 2008, poor weather prevented surveys in November. In the DS procedure, we used the data collected using BC and calculated the distances of the mapped groups to the itinerary, using a Geographical Information System. In Posets, estimates of population densities derived using BC ranged from 5.5 to 9.1 chamois km -2 , while those derived using DS ranged from 7.5 to 9.7 chamois km -2 . In Maladeta, the estimates ranged from 3.4 to 5.4 chamois km -2 (BC) and from 4.6 to 8.5 chamois km -2 (DS). Coefficients of variation of DS ranged between 14% and 26%. In five of eight cases the counts of population size derived from BC were within the 95% confidence interval of the estimate derived from DS. In two of the other three cases, weather conditions created poor visibility during the rut, and few chamois were seen and, consequently, the rut sex ratio could not be estimated. BC provided objective, high-quality counts of chamois populations and it is easy to obtain, even if its efficacy can be constrained by the need of simultaneous itineraries and an underestimation of unknown magnitude. DS does not require sampling throughout the entire area above the timberline, and generates an estimate and a confidence interval; however, calculations require some skill and sample size must be high (n > 300 groups observed to produce a CV < 15%), which represents a sampling effort at least as large as the one derived from BC. BC represents a valuable tool and, it should continue to be used to estimate minimum population size and the derived hunting quotas.
{"title":"Using block counts and distance sampling to estimate populations of chamois","authors":"J. Herrero, A. G. Serrano, C. Prada, O. F. Arberas","doi":"10.3989/PIRINEOS.2011.166006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/PIRINEOS.2011.166006","url":null,"abstract":"This study compared the efficacies of total block counts (BC) and distance sampling (DS) procedures to estimate the abundance of chamois populations in two mountain massifs, Posets and Maladeta, Spain. In 2002, 2006, 2007, and 2008, chamois populations were surveyed along itineraries above the timberline, twice per year: in July, after the parturition period, and in November, during the rut. The latter survey was used to estimate the sex ratio and to correct the proportion of males present in July. In 2008, poor weather prevented surveys in November. In the DS procedure, we used the data collected using BC and calculated the distances of the mapped groups to the itinerary, using a Geographical Information System. In Posets, estimates of population densities derived using BC ranged from 5.5 to 9.1 chamois km -2 , while those derived using DS ranged from 7.5 to 9.7 chamois km -2 . In Maladeta, the estimates ranged from 3.4 to 5.4 chamois km -2 (BC) and from 4.6 to 8.5 chamois km -2 (DS). Coefficients of variation of DS ranged between 14% and 26%. In five of eight cases the counts of population size derived from BC were within the 95% confidence interval of the estimate derived from DS. In two of the other three cases, weather conditions created poor visibility during the rut, and few chamois were seen and, consequently, the rut sex ratio could not be estimated. BC provided objective, high-quality counts of chamois populations and it is easy to obtain, even if its efficacy can be constrained by the need of simultaneous itineraries and an underestimation of unknown magnitude. DS does not require sampling throughout the entire area above the timberline, and generates an estimate and a confidence interval; however, calculations require some skill and sample size must be high (n > 300 groups observed to produce a CV < 15%), which represents a sampling effort at least as large as the one derived from BC. BC represents a valuable tool and, it should continue to be used to estimate minimum population size and the derived hunting quotas.","PeriodicalId":39887,"journal":{"name":"Pirineos","volume":"25 1","pages":"123-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74139816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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