Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.3989/PIRINEOS.2016.171009
J. S. González, J. M. R. Vega
Our study analyses the current status of the Biosphere Reserves on the Cantabrian Mountains, especially the relationships that they have with other Protected Natural Areas with which very often coincide. These relationships concerns management bodies and one of their main problems that has to do with their negative demographic dynamic that has led to an intense depopulation and aging of their local population. Although twelve reserves have been declared, there are still many areas which have not been named reserves but they potentially could. This tells us that we are still far from a Biosphere Reserve of the Great Cantabrian Mountain Range. The management is different depending on the regions: in Asturias, it is the regional administrative department which performs its management; in Galicia, the provincial administrative department and in Castilla and Leon, it’s the local government who is in charge of its management. Depopulation is one of the most serious problems suffered almost by every Cantabrian reserves and as a process has not stopped yet. The status of the Biosphere Reserve has yet to find its place in the context of other figures that are clearly under protection. In general, the aim of our study is to underline the importance of separating this figure from other more consolidated concerning Protected Natural Areas, and also, to raise awareness about the serious process of aging and depopulation expressed in their territories.
{"title":"Gestión, protección y despoblación en las Reservas de la Biosfera de la Cordillera Cantábrica","authors":"J. S. González, J. M. R. Vega","doi":"10.3989/PIRINEOS.2016.171009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/PIRINEOS.2016.171009","url":null,"abstract":"Our study analyses the current status of the Biosphere Reserves on the Cantabrian Mountains, especially the relationships that they have with other Protected Natural Areas with which very often coincide. These relationships concerns management bodies and one of their main problems that has to do with their negative demographic dynamic that has led to an intense depopulation and aging of their local population. Although twelve reserves have been declared, there are still many areas which have not been named reserves but they potentially could. This tells us that we are still far from a Biosphere Reserve of the Great Cantabrian Mountain Range. The management is different depending on the regions: in Asturias, it is the regional administrative department which performs its management; in Galicia, the provincial administrative department and in Castilla and Leon, it’s the local government who is in charge of its management. Depopulation is one of the most serious problems suffered almost by every Cantabrian reserves and as a process has not stopped yet. The status of the Biosphere Reserve has yet to find its place in the context of other figures that are clearly under protection. In general, the aim of our study is to underline the importance of separating this figure from other more consolidated concerning Protected Natural Areas, and also, to raise awareness about the serious process of aging and depopulation expressed in their territories.","PeriodicalId":39887,"journal":{"name":"Pirineos","volume":"8 1","pages":"025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76564095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.3989/PIRINEOS.2016.171008
J. F. Martinez-Murillo, Ricardo Remond, P. Hueso-González, J. D. Ruiz-Sinoga
The study aim is the comparison of the vegetation cover type before and 22-years after a wildfire in order to evaluate its post-fire resilience as well as the effect of topographic attributes. The study area is that affected by a wildfire in 1991 (Rio Verde, Sierra de las Nieves). By means of remote sensing and mapping techniques, the type of vegetation cover was obtained for 1991, just before the wildfire, and for 2013. The comparison of both years indicates 50% of the burned area recovered the pre-fire vegetation cover, while 1/3 presented a major vegetation cover and a type of cover more evolved. Generally speaking, after the wildfire, the most influential topographic features in the vegetal cover evolution were slope gradient, altitude and radiation
研究的目的是比较森林火灾发生前后22年的植被覆盖类型，以评估其火灾后的恢复能力以及地形属性的影响。研究区域是1991年受野火影响的区域(里约热内卢Verde, Sierra de las Nieves)。通过遥感和制图技术，获得了1991年(野火发生前)和2013年的植被覆盖类型。两个年份的对比表明，50%的烧毁面积恢复了火灾前的植被覆盖，1/3的面积为主要植被覆盖，一类植被更进化。一般来说，山火后对植被覆盖演变影响最大的地形特征是坡度、海拔和辐射
{"title":"Resiliencia de la cubierta vegetal en un área de montaña mediterránea afectada por el fuego: el caso del incendio de Río Verde (provincia de Málaga, sur de España)","authors":"J. F. Martinez-Murillo, Ricardo Remond, P. Hueso-González, J. D. Ruiz-Sinoga","doi":"10.3989/PIRINEOS.2016.171008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/PIRINEOS.2016.171008","url":null,"abstract":"The study aim is the comparison of the vegetation cover type before and 22-years after a wildfire in order to evaluate its post-fire resilience as well as the effect of topographic attributes. The study area is that affected by a wildfire in 1991 (Rio Verde, Sierra de las Nieves). By means of remote sensing and mapping techniques, the type of vegetation cover was obtained for 1991, just before the wildfire, and for 2013. The comparison of both years indicates 50% of the burned area recovered the pre-fire vegetation cover, while 1/3 presented a major vegetation cover and a type of cover more evolved. Generally speaking, after the wildfire, the most influential topographic features in the vegetal cover evolution were slope gradient, altitude and radiation","PeriodicalId":39887,"journal":{"name":"Pirineos","volume":"5 1","pages":"024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80997432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.3989/PIRINEOS.2016.171001
A. Buira
The precise location of threatened species’ populations is essential to evaluate their conservation status. In this study, we explore the usefulness of ecological niche models to find six rare and threatened plant species within the Natural Park Els Ports (northeast of Iberian Peninsula). Habitat suitability models were generated with the algorithm Maxent and transformed into binary (presence/absence) using a decision threshold. The models were validated by leave-one-out cross-validation. The sampling was directed to the areas with the highest number of predicted presences. The predictive ability was evaluated by calculating the values of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy with data from field sampling. 28 new occurrence data from five different species were found, the 89% of which were predicted by the models. This has enabled us to acquire a better knowledge of the range and real occupancy area of these species within the Natural Park. The results show that models can be useful in prioritizing the sampling efforts of threatened species with few records, especially for those with small geographic ranges and limited environmental tolerance.
{"title":"Aplicación de modelos de nicho ecológico para la localización de seis plantas amenazadas en el Parque Natural de Els Ports (noreste de la Península Ibérica)","authors":"A. Buira","doi":"10.3989/PIRINEOS.2016.171001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/PIRINEOS.2016.171001","url":null,"abstract":"The precise location of threatened species’ populations is essential to evaluate their conservation status. In this study, we explore the usefulness of ecological niche models to find six rare and threatened plant species within the Natural Park Els Ports (northeast of Iberian Peninsula). Habitat suitability models were generated with the algorithm Maxent and transformed into binary (presence/absence) using a decision threshold. The models were validated by leave-one-out cross-validation. The sampling was directed to the areas with the highest number of predicted presences. The predictive ability was evaluated by calculating the values of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy with data from field sampling. 28 new occurrence data from five different species were found, the 89% of which were predicted by the models. This has enabled us to acquire a better knowledge of the range and real occupancy area of these species within the Natural Park. The results show that models can be useful in prioritizing the sampling efforts of threatened species with few records, especially for those with small geographic ranges and limited environmental tolerance.","PeriodicalId":39887,"journal":{"name":"Pirineos","volume":"44 1","pages":"017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79957152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.3989/PIRINEOS.2016.171007
Patrícia Rodrigues, J. Herrero, A. García-Serrano, C. Prada, Alberto Giménez-Anaya, Raúl Ayala, Olatz Fernández-Arberas, C. Fonseca
Habitat use by wild boar Sus scrofaz was examined during a three-year period in Moncayo Nature Park, a protected mountain area in the Iberian mountain system, Spain. Tracking indirect signs of activity was used to collect data on the species occurrence, according to vegetation type, topography, hunting activity, and season. The data were analysed using binary logistic regression. Habitat used by wild boar differed according seasons, management practices, and vegetation. Main selected habitats were at medium elevations (1,101-1,600 m) in areas dominated by holm oak (Quercus ilex), beech (Fagus sylvatica) and oak woods of Q. robur, Q. petraea and Q. pyrenaica. Non-hunting areas were selected over hunting areas. We found a seasonal variation in the habitat use of wild boar, with areas dominated by holm oak being used disproportionately in spring, and areas at medium elevations selected only during summer. The results also support the view that non-hunting areas provide a refuge for this species inside the protected area.
{"title":"Uso del hábitat del jabalí Sus scrofa en el Parque Natural del Moncayo, España","authors":"Patrícia Rodrigues, J. Herrero, A. García-Serrano, C. Prada, Alberto Giménez-Anaya, Raúl Ayala, Olatz Fernández-Arberas, C. Fonseca","doi":"10.3989/PIRINEOS.2016.171007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/PIRINEOS.2016.171007","url":null,"abstract":"Habitat use by wild boar Sus scrofaz was examined during a three-year period in Moncayo Nature Park, a protected mountain area in the Iberian mountain system, Spain. Tracking indirect signs of activity was used to collect data on the species occurrence, according to vegetation type, topography, hunting activity, and season. The data were analysed using binary logistic regression. Habitat used by wild boar differed according seasons, management practices, and vegetation. Main selected habitats were at medium elevations (1,101-1,600 m) in areas dominated by holm oak (Quercus ilex), beech (Fagus sylvatica) and oak woods of Q. robur, Q. petraea and Q. pyrenaica. Non-hunting areas were selected over hunting areas. We found a seasonal variation in the habitat use of wild boar, with areas dominated by holm oak being used disproportionately in spring, and areas at medium elevations selected only during summer. The results also support the view that non-hunting areas provide a refuge for this species inside the protected area.","PeriodicalId":39887,"journal":{"name":"Pirineos","volume":"21 1","pages":"023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78586641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.3989/PIRINEOS.2016.171005
M. Ribes, J. Hernánz, S. Tello, J. C. Campos, I. Paz, G. Sánchez, F. Pancorbo, F. Serrano
In order to contribute to the knowledge of the fungal diversity in the Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido, a taxonomic revision of the species collected throught 2014 has been made, classified in three levels: a) new or very special interest species, b) interesting or uncommon species, c) other species. Given the breadth of the territory that has been studied, prospecting areas have been limited to the bassins of the Ara, Arazas, Bellos, Yaga and Cinca rivers. 311 taxa were identified, corresponding 240 to Phyllum Basidiomycota , 61 to Ascomycota and 10 to Myxomycota ; the most representative orders are Agaricales, Russulales, Pezizales, Polyporales, Boletales and Helotiales . Among the identified species, have been found 9 between the proposals for the catalog of protected species of the Iberian Peninsula and/ or Aragon. In this paper a first contribution to the catalog is showed, first as a list of all identified taxa and then, a taxonomic description with its macro and microscopic iconography for 16 of them, corresponding with interesting or uncommon species.
{"title":"Contribución al conocimiento de la biodiversidad fúngica del Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido I","authors":"M. Ribes, J. Hernánz, S. Tello, J. C. Campos, I. Paz, G. Sánchez, F. Pancorbo, F. Serrano","doi":"10.3989/PIRINEOS.2016.171005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/PIRINEOS.2016.171005","url":null,"abstract":"In order to contribute to the knowledge of the fungal diversity in the Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido, a taxonomic revision of the species collected throught 2014 has been made, classified in three levels: a) new or very special interest species, b) interesting or uncommon species, c) other species. Given the breadth of the territory that has been studied, prospecting areas have been limited to the bassins of the Ara, Arazas, Bellos, Yaga and Cinca rivers. \u0000311 taxa were identified, corresponding 240 to Phyllum Basidiomycota , 61 to Ascomycota and 10 to Myxomycota ; the most representative orders are Agaricales, Russulales, Pezizales, Polyporales, Boletales and Helotiales . Among the identified species, have been found 9 between the proposals for the catalog of protected species of the Iberian Peninsula and/ or Aragon. \u0000In this paper a first contribution to the catalog is showed, first as a list of all identified taxa and then, a taxonomic description with its macro and microscopic iconography for 16 of them, corresponding with interesting or uncommon species.","PeriodicalId":39887,"journal":{"name":"Pirineos","volume":"17 1","pages":"021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86244876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.3989/PIRINEOS.2016.171006
J. M. García-Ruiz, Y. Sanjuán, J. Arnáez, S. Beguerı́a, Amelia Gómez-Villar, Javier Álvarez-Martínez, N. Lana-Renault, Paz Coba-Pérez
This paper is a synthesis of the landscape, geomorphic and functional evolution of the subalpine belt in the Urbion Sierra, providing a geoecological perspective of the interactions between human activity, spatial organization, geomorphological dynamics and recent land use changes. Landscape changes in the subalpine belt started at least during the Late Neolithic, with forest fires that tried to waste the forest to enable the expansion of summer grasslands favouring an incipient sheep transhumance. Fires occurred also through the Chalcolithic and the Bronze and Iron Ages, and culminated during the Middle Ages. Deforestation of the subalpine belt would be responsible for the triggering of a number of shallow landslides and soil erosion in steep slopes above 1500 m a.s.l. The crisis of the transhumance since the beginning of the 19th century reduced the livestock pressure, particularly in the second half of the 20th century, and has contributed to shrub and forest expansion, whereas the area occupied by summer grasslands has been remarkably reduced. The decreasing livestock pressure suggests that forest expansion will continue in the next future, in a favourable context of global warming and declining presence of snowpack in the subalpine belt.
{"title":"La evolución del piso subalpino en la Sierra de Urbión (Sistema ibérico, norte de España): un modelo de impacto geoecológico de actividades humanas en el Valle de Ormazal","authors":"J. M. García-Ruiz, Y. Sanjuán, J. Arnáez, S. Beguerı́a, Amelia Gómez-Villar, Javier Álvarez-Martínez, N. Lana-Renault, Paz Coba-Pérez","doi":"10.3989/PIRINEOS.2016.171006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/PIRINEOS.2016.171006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a synthesis of the landscape, geomorphic and functional evolution of the subalpine belt in the Urbion Sierra, providing a geoecological perspective of the interactions between human activity, spatial organization, geomorphological dynamics and recent land use changes. Landscape changes in the subalpine belt started at least during the Late Neolithic, with forest fires that tried to waste the forest to enable the expansion of summer grasslands favouring an incipient sheep transhumance. Fires occurred also through the Chalcolithic and the Bronze and Iron Ages, and culminated during the Middle Ages. Deforestation of the subalpine belt would be responsible for the triggering of a number of shallow landslides and soil erosion in steep slopes above 1500 m a.s.l. The crisis of the transhumance since the beginning of the 19th century reduced the livestock pressure, particularly in the second half of the 20th century, and has contributed to shrub and forest expansion, whereas the area occupied by summer grasslands has been remarkably reduced. The decreasing livestock pressure suggests that forest expansion will continue in the next future, in a favourable context of global warming and declining presence of snowpack in the subalpine belt.","PeriodicalId":39887,"journal":{"name":"Pirineos","volume":"15 1","pages":"022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82627943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.3989/PIRINEOS.2015.170006
Juan Francisco Fuentes-Pérez, J. N. Hevia, J. Legazpi, Ana García-Vega
High mountain lakes and lagoons are not a typical feature of the landscape of the Iberian Peninsula, but rather an exception in the natural environment, therefore its study and conservation presents great interest. This study arises in order to inventory and characterize a set of seventeen lagoon complex located over the provinces of Palencia and Leon, without any kind of size restriction. Likewise their basins are described, since they are related with them and they will determine their future evolution. Among other results, it should be noted that, despite they are situated at high altitude, they have a complex and varied hydrological network, denoting the high diversity of these systems. The lithology factor seems to affect significantly to the depth of the studied units, however depth and dimensions of the lakes are strongly related with the specific characteristics of their morphogenesis. In general, studied lakes and lagoons appear to be more fragile to possible alterations in their catchments if they are compared with bigger systems studied in the specialized literature.
{"title":"Inventario y caracterización morfológica de lagos y lagunas de alta montaña en las provincias de Palencia y León (España)","authors":"Juan Francisco Fuentes-Pérez, J. N. Hevia, J. Legazpi, Ana García-Vega","doi":"10.3989/PIRINEOS.2015.170006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/PIRINEOS.2015.170006","url":null,"abstract":"High mountain lakes and lagoons are not a typical feature of the landscape of the Iberian Peninsula, but rather an exception in the natural environment, therefore its study and conservation presents great interest. This study arises in order to inventory and characterize a set of seventeen lagoon complex located over the provinces of Palencia and Leon, without any kind of size restriction. Likewise their basins are described, since they are related with them and they will determine their future evolution. Among other results, it should be noted that, despite they are situated at high altitude, they have a complex and varied hydrological network, denoting the high diversity of these systems. The lithology factor seems to affect significantly to the depth of the studied units, however depth and dimensions of the lakes are strongly related with the specific characteristics of their morphogenesis. In general, studied lakes and lagoons appear to be more fragile to possible alterations in their catchments if they are compared with bigger systems studied in the specialized literature.","PeriodicalId":39887,"journal":{"name":"Pirineos","volume":"54 1","pages":"013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86175829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.3989/PIRINEOS.2015.170001
J. A. Martínez, M. P. E. Abad, Amelia Gómez-Villar, T. Lasanta
Depopulation in Spanish mountain areas and livestock decrease, which traditionally grazed pasture lands, have favored an uncontrolled expansion of shrubs and, consequently, a significant increase of the fuel material and the fire risk, and the decrease of the landscape diversity. In the Cantabrian Mountain, Cytisus scoparius shows a large capacity to colonize abandoned lands and at present it is covering large areas, which were grazed before the abandonment. This paper analyzes the role of goats grazing, in combination with Cytisus scoparius pruning, to control the shrub spread, and how these actions are affecting the landscape configuration and fragmentation. The analysis was based on experimental plots, which combined two stocking rates: single (4.5 goats/ha/year) and double (9 goats/ha/year).The results show a small capacity of the sole application of pruning to limit the shrub expansion, since three years after the plants recovered the 90% of the initial coverage. The combination of pruning and single stocking rate delays the advance of shrubs, but in four years recover the 70.6% of its height and the 64% of its length. More effective is the double rate, as it allows controlling the expansion of Cytisus scoparius , since four years after the experiment the shrub branches only grew 10 cm in an average. Double stocking rate also preserves a more fragmented landscape than the single rate; it produces a land structure characterized by small patches, which is more interesting from an environmental point of view.
{"title":"Restauración del paisaje de la montaña española con ganadería: Un ensayo en la Cordillera Cantábrica combinando pastoreo de caprino y poda de matorrales","authors":"J. A. Martínez, M. P. E. Abad, Amelia Gómez-Villar, T. Lasanta","doi":"10.3989/PIRINEOS.2015.170001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/PIRINEOS.2015.170001","url":null,"abstract":"Depopulation in Spanish mountain areas and livestock decrease, which traditionally grazed pasture lands, have favored an uncontrolled expansion of shrubs and, consequently, a significant increase of the fuel material and the fire risk, and the decrease of the landscape diversity. In the Cantabrian Mountain, Cytisus scoparius shows a large capacity to colonize abandoned lands and at present it is covering large areas, which were grazed before the abandonment. \u0000This paper analyzes the role of goats grazing, in combination with Cytisus scoparius pruning, to control the shrub spread, and how these actions are affecting the landscape configuration and fragmentation. The analysis was based on experimental plots, which combined two stocking rates: single (4.5 goats/ha/year) and double (9 goats/ha/year).The results show a small capacity of the sole application of pruning to limit the shrub expansion, since three years after the plants recovered the 90% of the initial coverage. The combination of pruning and single stocking rate delays the advance of shrubs, but in four years recover the 70.6% of its height and the 64% of its length. More effective is the double rate, as it allows controlling the expansion of Cytisus scoparius , since four years after the experiment the shrub branches only grew 10 cm in an average. \u0000Double stocking rate also preserves a more fragmented landscape than the single rate; it produces a land structure characterized by small patches, which is more interesting from an environmental point of view.","PeriodicalId":39887,"journal":{"name":"Pirineos","volume":"22 1","pages":"008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82407080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.3989/PIRINEOS.2015.170008
Néstor Campos
The main aim of this research was to reconstruct the LLGM (local last glacial maximum), 1955 and 2007 glacial phases on the South West slope of Nevado Coropuna to obtain valuable information on the changes that have occurred and analyze the glacier evolution. For this purpose the ELA (Equilibrium Line Altitude) indicator has been used as a reference, with the AABR (Area x Altitude Balance Ratio) method, based on the principle of weighting the mass balance according to the distance above or below the ELA of that area. An ELA of 4762 m was obtained for the LLGM, 5779 m for 1955 and 5850 m for 2007, implying a vertical shift of 1088 m from the LLGM to 2007 and of 71 m from 1955 to 2007. The total glaciated surface was reduced by 21.5% between 1955 and 2007 and the temperature shift from LLGM to 2007 was 9.13 oC (0.0091oC/m). The ice of glaciers makes them valuable for climate research, this method offers quantitative information and the analysis of this data may contribute to research into climate change and climatic trends for future predictions.
本研究的主要目的是重建内华达Coropuna西南坡的LLGM(当地末次盛冰期)、1955年和2007年冰期，以获得有价值的变化信息，并分析冰川演化。为此，利用平衡线高度(ELA)指标作为参考，采用面积x高度平衡比(AABR)方法，根据该地区高于或低于ELA的距离对质量平衡进行加权。LLGM的ELA为4762 m, 1955年为5779 m, 2007年为5850 m，这意味着从LLGM到2007年的垂直位移为1088 m，从1955年到2007年的垂直位移为71 m。1955—2007年，冰川面积减少了21.5%，温度变化幅度为9.13 oC (0.0091oC/m)。冰川的冰使它们对气候研究有价值，这种方法提供了定量信息，对这些数据的分析可能有助于研究气候变化和未来预测的气候趋势。
{"title":"Equilibrium Line Altitude Fluctuation on the South West Slope of Nevado Coropuna Since The Last Glacial Maximum (Cordillera Ampato, Perú)","authors":"Néstor Campos","doi":"10.3989/PIRINEOS.2015.170008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/PIRINEOS.2015.170008","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this research was to reconstruct the LLGM (local last glacial maximum), 1955 and 2007 glacial phases on the South West slope of Nevado Coropuna to obtain valuable information on the changes that have occurred and analyze the glacier evolution. For this purpose the ELA (Equilibrium Line Altitude) indicator has been used as a reference, with the AABR (Area x Altitude Balance Ratio) method, based on the principle of weighting the mass balance according to the distance above or below the ELA of that area. An ELA of 4762 m was obtained for the LLGM, 5779 m for 1955 and 5850 m for 2007, implying a vertical shift of 1088 m from the LLGM to 2007 and of 71 m from 1955 to 2007. The total glaciated surface was reduced by 21.5% between 1955 and 2007 and the temperature shift from LLGM to 2007 was 9.13 oC (0.0091oC/m). The ice of glaciers makes them valuable for climate research, this method offers quantitative information and the analysis of this data may contribute to research into climate change and climatic trends for future predictions.","PeriodicalId":39887,"journal":{"name":"Pirineos","volume":"256 1","pages":"015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81744363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.3989/PIRINEOS.2015.170005
J. M. García-Ruiz, J. I. López-Moreno, T. Lasanta, S. M. Vicente-Serrano, P. González-Sampériz, B. Valero-Garcés, Y. Sanjuán, Santiago Beguería, E. Nadal-Romero, N. Lana-Renault, Amelia Gómez-Villar
We review the effects of climate variability and land use / land cover changes in the Central Spanish Pyrenees at different spatial and temporal scales. Paleoclimatic studies based upon multi-proxy analyses of lacustrine, glacial and speleothematic deposits, among others, have demonstrated the occurrence of intense climatic fluctuations not only during the Late Upper Pleistocene associated to deglaciation, but also during the Holocene, affecting plant cover distribution, runoff generation, flood frequency, and the spatial organization of human activities, particularly during the 8.2 event, the Bronze Age, the Medieval Climatic Anomaly and the Little Ice Age. The study of the impact of human activity on landscape dynamics during the last 150 years has revealed dramatic changes in plant cover structure and distribution, in both the montane and the sub-alpine belts and, consequently, changes in runoff generation, soil erosion intensity, and sediment sources, whatever the spatial scale used. In general, the maximum human pressure on the territory was reached during the middle of the 19th century, with the cultivation of most of the south-facing slopes up to approximately 1650 m a.s.l., and the frequent use of fire to control shrub colonization, resulting in intense soil erosion and degradation processes, as well as the development of braided rivers with a high torrentiality. Farmland abandonment since the beginning of the 20th century (and, particularly, since the 1960s) and the declining livestock pressure have favoured plant recolonization, with the expansion of shrubs and forests in the old cultivated and grazing areas, the human-induced reforestation of large hillslopes, and the treeline upward in the subalpine belt, in this latter case with the contribution of climate warming. The most outstanding consequences of such an evolution have been: (i) the sustained decline of discharge in the Pyrenean rivers since the 1970s because of increasing actual evapotranspiration; (ii) the spatial shrinkage of sediment source areas; (iii) the increasing uncoupled geomorphic dynamics between hillslopes and channels; (iv) the decreasing importance of snow accumulation and snowmelt processes in the fluvial regime of the Pyrenean rivers, with earlier onset of the high spring discharges; (v) the changes in reservoir hydrological dynamics and the need for new management policies; and (vi) the increasing scouring processes that affect most of the Pyrenean rivers. The studies carried out on Global Change and its consequences in the Central Pyrenees confirm the extreme complexity of interactions occurring in the natural systems, and the quick response of plant cover, runoff generation and soil erosion as a consequence of climatic and land use changes.
{"title":"Los efectos geoecológicos del cambio global en el Pirineo Central español: una revisión a distintas escalas espaciales y temporales","authors":"J. M. García-Ruiz, J. I. López-Moreno, T. Lasanta, S. M. Vicente-Serrano, P. González-Sampériz, B. Valero-Garcés, Y. Sanjuán, Santiago Beguería, E. Nadal-Romero, N. Lana-Renault, Amelia Gómez-Villar","doi":"10.3989/PIRINEOS.2015.170005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/PIRINEOS.2015.170005","url":null,"abstract":"We review the effects of climate variability and land use / land cover changes in the Central Spanish Pyrenees at different spatial and temporal scales. Paleoclimatic studies based upon multi-proxy analyses of lacustrine, glacial and speleothematic deposits, among others, have demonstrated the occurrence of intense climatic fluctuations not only during the Late Upper Pleistocene associated to deglaciation, but also during the Holocene, affecting plant cover distribution, runoff generation, flood frequency, and the spatial organization of human activities, particularly during the 8.2 event, the Bronze Age, the Medieval Climatic Anomaly and the Little Ice Age. The study of the impact of human activity on landscape dynamics during the last 150 years has revealed dramatic changes in plant cover structure and distribution, in both the montane and the sub-alpine belts and, consequently, changes in runoff generation, soil erosion intensity, and sediment sources, whatever the spatial scale used. In general, the maximum human pressure on the territory was reached during the middle of the 19th century, with the cultivation of most of the south-facing slopes up to approximately 1650 m a.s.l., and the frequent use of fire to control shrub colonization, resulting in intense soil erosion and degradation processes, as well as the development of braided rivers with a high torrentiality. Farmland abandonment since the beginning of the 20th century (and, particularly, since the 1960s) and the declining livestock pressure have favoured plant recolonization, with the expansion of shrubs and forests in the old cultivated and grazing areas, the human-induced reforestation of large hillslopes, and the treeline upward in the subalpine belt, in this latter case with the contribution of climate warming. The most outstanding consequences of such an evolution have been: (i) the sustained decline of discharge in the Pyrenean rivers since the 1970s because of increasing actual evapotranspiration; (ii) the spatial shrinkage of sediment source areas; (iii) the increasing uncoupled geomorphic dynamics between hillslopes and channels; (iv) the decreasing importance of snow accumulation and snowmelt processes in the fluvial regime of the Pyrenean rivers, with earlier onset of the high spring discharges; (v) the changes in reservoir hydrological dynamics and the need for new management policies; and (vi) the increasing scouring processes that affect most of the Pyrenean rivers. The studies carried out on Global Change and its consequences in the Central Pyrenees confirm the extreme complexity of interactions occurring in the natural systems, and the quick response of plant cover, runoff generation and soil erosion as a consequence of climatic and land use changes.","PeriodicalId":39887,"journal":{"name":"Pirineos","volume":"15 1","pages":"012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87823233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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