An ITT Industries led team is developing the Near Term Digital Radio (NTDR) Information Transport System (ITS) for PM Tactical Radio Communication Systems to meet the growing need for higher capacity digital information distribution on a highly mobile battlefield. The team consists of Motorola, Lockheed Sanders, BBN, SICOM and Group Technology Corporation. The NTDR ITS is based on open architecture principles for both hardware and software. It draws heavily on commercial cellular telephone system concepts to support highly mobile users in a dynamic environment. The system is designed to operate without any need for intervention by the user or network manager. In one sense the NTDR can be viewed as an RF system with a very sophisticated embedded router/gateway. However, each module of the NTDR ITS contains advanced features that cause the system to function very effectively in a dynamic, mobile environment.
{"title":"Near Term Digital Radio-a first look","authors":"L. Williams, L. Emery","doi":"10.1109/TCC.1996.561113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCC.1996.561113","url":null,"abstract":"An ITT Industries led team is developing the Near Term Digital Radio (NTDR) Information Transport System (ITS) for PM Tactical Radio Communication Systems to meet the growing need for higher capacity digital information distribution on a highly mobile battlefield. The team consists of Motorola, Lockheed Sanders, BBN, SICOM and Group Technology Corporation. The NTDR ITS is based on open architecture principles for both hardware and software. It draws heavily on commercial cellular telephone system concepts to support highly mobile users in a dynamic environment. The system is designed to operate without any need for intervention by the user or network manager. In one sense the NTDR can be viewed as an RF system with a very sophisticated embedded router/gateway. However, each module of the NTDR ITS contains advanced features that cause the system to function very effectively in a dynamic, mobile environment.","PeriodicalId":398935,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1996 Tactical Communications Conference. Ensuring Joint Force Superiority in the Information Age","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127018207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper provides a general overview of the Tactical Internet (TI) that has been defined and architected for the Task Force XXI (TF XXI) exercise to be performed at the National Training Center (NTC) in March 1997. The basic architecture is defined as well as the reasoning and methodology behind the implementation.
{"title":"Tactical Internet system architecture for Task Force XXI","authors":"D. A. Hall","doi":"10.1109/TCC.1996.561089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCC.1996.561089","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a general overview of the Tactical Internet (TI) that has been defined and architected for the Task Force XXI (TF XXI) exercise to be performed at the National Training Center (NTC) in March 1997. The basic architecture is defined as well as the reasoning and methodology behind the implementation.","PeriodicalId":398935,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1996 Tactical Communications Conference. Ensuring Joint Force Superiority in the Information Age","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129553677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mobile radio networks in tactical environments are typically subject to frequency-selective fading. Many techniques, including error-control coding, modulation schemes, and sophisticated receivers, are used to provide diversity and improve communication over a fading channel. Spread-spectrum modulation, in particular, has properties that make it suitable for mitigating the effects of fading. Two types of spread-spectrum modulation combat fading in different ways. Frequency-hop (FH) modulation and block coding with interleaving can provide diversity among the symbols of a codeword in a frequency-selective channel. On the other hand, direct-sequence (DS) modulation has anti-multipath capability that allows the receiver to discriminate against interference caused by multipath propagation. If a RAKE receiver is used, the copies of the signal that are received with different delays can be combined to provide diversity. Each system takes advantage of different features of the fading channel, so channel variation affects the behavior of these two methods differently. For example, an increase in the correlation bandwidth improves the performance of a DS system while degrading the performance of a FH system. Previous research on the relative performance of these two formats is limited to specific channel models and environments. The article considers a general wideband channel model ann studies each system under identical conditions. The purpose is to explore the effects of the channel's characteristics on the performance of both FH and DS spread-spectrum systems.
{"title":"A comparison of frequency-hop and direct-sequence spread-spectrum communications","authors":"J. H. Gass, M. Pursley","doi":"10.1109/TCC.1996.561115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCC.1996.561115","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile radio networks in tactical environments are typically subject to frequency-selective fading. Many techniques, including error-control coding, modulation schemes, and sophisticated receivers, are used to provide diversity and improve communication over a fading channel. Spread-spectrum modulation, in particular, has properties that make it suitable for mitigating the effects of fading. Two types of spread-spectrum modulation combat fading in different ways. Frequency-hop (FH) modulation and block coding with interleaving can provide diversity among the symbols of a codeword in a frequency-selective channel. On the other hand, direct-sequence (DS) modulation has anti-multipath capability that allows the receiver to discriminate against interference caused by multipath propagation. If a RAKE receiver is used, the copies of the signal that are received with different delays can be combined to provide diversity. Each system takes advantage of different features of the fading channel, so channel variation affects the behavior of these two methods differently. For example, an increase in the correlation bandwidth improves the performance of a DS system while degrading the performance of a FH system. Previous research on the relative performance of these two formats is limited to specific channel models and environments. The article considers a general wideband channel model ann studies each system under identical conditions. The purpose is to explore the effects of the channel's characteristics on the performance of both FH and DS spread-spectrum systems.","PeriodicalId":398935,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1996 Tactical Communications Conference. Ensuring Joint Force Superiority in the Information Age","volume":"83 s369","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120835022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The SINCGARS system improvement program (SIP) ground and airborne radios target specific improvements to address the need for improved position awareness, improved data throughput, and speed of service on the battlefield. This paper specifically discusses the implementation of these improvements in the radios. First, it discusses the implementation of Reed-Solomon forward error correction to increase throughput while improving range and significantly improving the interference protection of the radio against cosite and jamming. The discussion includes the investigation of several coding approaches and implementations, and the results of the analysis which led to the selection of a family of the Reed-Solomon codes. The second area of discussion is the implementation of a new frequency hopping waveform that increases the probability of synchronization and reduces transmission overhead. Thirdly, the implementation of an improved channel access algorithm that allows mixed voice and packet data operation on a common net with minimal impact of voice operation at high packet data throughput rates is discussed. In addition, the implementation of an efficient data interface, per MIL-STD-188-220 A, to ITT's Internet controller (INC) which provides for packet radio relay nodes across the battlefield is discussed. Finally, the implementation of the embedded GPS position information, and user ID, in voice and data messages to provide reporting of friendly force positions for situation awareness is discussed.
{"title":"SINCGARS system improvement program (SIP) specific radio improvements","authors":"B. Hamilton","doi":"10.1109/TCC.1996.561109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCC.1996.561109","url":null,"abstract":"The SINCGARS system improvement program (SIP) ground and airborne radios target specific improvements to address the need for improved position awareness, improved data throughput, and speed of service on the battlefield. This paper specifically discusses the implementation of these improvements in the radios. First, it discusses the implementation of Reed-Solomon forward error correction to increase throughput while improving range and significantly improving the interference protection of the radio against cosite and jamming. The discussion includes the investigation of several coding approaches and implementations, and the results of the analysis which led to the selection of a family of the Reed-Solomon codes. The second area of discussion is the implementation of a new frequency hopping waveform that increases the probability of synchronization and reduces transmission overhead. Thirdly, the implementation of an improved channel access algorithm that allows mixed voice and packet data operation on a common net with minimal impact of voice operation at high packet data throughput rates is discussed. In addition, the implementation of an efficient data interface, per MIL-STD-188-220 A, to ITT's Internet controller (INC) which provides for packet radio relay nodes across the battlefield is discussed. Finally, the implementation of the embedded GPS position information, and user ID, in voice and data messages to provide reporting of friendly force positions for situation awareness is discussed.","PeriodicalId":398935,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1996 Tactical Communications Conference. Ensuring Joint Force Superiority in the Information Age","volume":"238 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113990942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An analysis of a quaternary direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access communication system is presented. The system uses a correlation receiver and random signature sequences in an additive white Gaussian noise channel. The multiple-access interference (MAI) is analysed using a product of symmetric multinomials. The analysis is greatly simplified by assuming independent multiaccess interference (MAI) for different interferers. The result is a procedure for the determination of independent MAI probability density functions (PDF). The PDF are subsequently used to obtain an approximation to the probability of bit error.
{"title":"Approximate Pbe for quaternary random-sequence spread-spectrum communication","authors":"A. McDowell","doi":"10.1109/TCC.1996.561116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCC.1996.561116","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of a quaternary direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access communication system is presented. The system uses a correlation receiver and random signature sequences in an additive white Gaussian noise channel. The multiple-access interference (MAI) is analysed using a product of symmetric multinomials. The analysis is greatly simplified by assuming independent multiaccess interference (MAI) for different interferers. The result is a procedure for the determination of independent MAI probability density functions (PDF). The PDF are subsequently used to obtain an approximation to the probability of bit error.","PeriodicalId":398935,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1996 Tactical Communications Conference. Ensuring Joint Force Superiority in the Information Age","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125066191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
All tactical digital communications architectures include provisions for error detection and correction (EDAC), and for repeating, relaying, and updating messages. In addition, the most important messages generally require receipt/compliance replies, to ensure that if the message is lost it will be repeated immediately and as often as necessary to ensure receipt. These features are collectively referred to as redundancy, and are built into the message standard for the links involved. Purposeful redundancy in message standards reflects an awareness on the part of the link designers of concepts of information theory. However, those information-theoretic components are rarely formalized, and in any case message standards do not provide adaptive, real-time analysis of information requirements. The issue addressed in this paper is how to measure the information content of tactical data, so as to determine the optimal update/repetition rate for messages, or the optimal data screening for overloaded processes. After a brief review of the relevant concepts of information theory, we describe a real time metric for measuring information in tactical operations, and show how to apply that metric to a common tactical scenario, in which a sensing unit reports track positions to a remote tracker over a surveillance net. We conclude with some ideas on extending this approach to filter messages based on estimates of their probable effect on the recipients.
{"title":"Real-time determination of tactical information requirements","authors":"R. Overton, R. W. Samms","doi":"10.1109/TCC.1996.561092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCC.1996.561092","url":null,"abstract":"All tactical digital communications architectures include provisions for error detection and correction (EDAC), and for repeating, relaying, and updating messages. In addition, the most important messages generally require receipt/compliance replies, to ensure that if the message is lost it will be repeated immediately and as often as necessary to ensure receipt. These features are collectively referred to as redundancy, and are built into the message standard for the links involved. Purposeful redundancy in message standards reflects an awareness on the part of the link designers of concepts of information theory. However, those information-theoretic components are rarely formalized, and in any case message standards do not provide adaptive, real-time analysis of information requirements. The issue addressed in this paper is how to measure the information content of tactical data, so as to determine the optimal update/repetition rate for messages, or the optimal data screening for overloaded processes. After a brief review of the relevant concepts of information theory, we describe a real time metric for measuring information in tactical operations, and show how to apply that metric to a common tactical scenario, in which a sensing unit reports track positions to a remote tracker over a surveillance net. We conclude with some ideas on extending this approach to filter messages based on estimates of their probable effect on the recipients.","PeriodicalId":398935,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1996 Tactical Communications Conference. Ensuring Joint Force Superiority in the Information Age","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133822004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Military communication networks in the near future are expected to be integrated and dynamic. In order to deal with dynamic user needs, demand-assigned multiple access (DAMA) techniques are being developed and standardized for military satellite communication (SATCOM) networks. In the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) band, two military standards have been released. However, a technical working group (TWG) within the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) has been formed to address some of the anticipated shortcomings of networks operating per these standards. In the superhigh frequency (SHF) band, although not yet released, two documents representing a military standard exist in final draft form. In the extremely high frequency (EHF) band, several organizations are developing protocols for DAMA operation that will likely lead to a future military standard. This study proposes and evaluates the improvements resulting from several protocol enhancements, primarily for UHF DAMA. The study gives consideration to the impact on operation of existing equipment in its assessment of various protocol enhancements. The proposed protocol enhancements address the following needs: short delay (call setup and voice/data throughput) connections, fast mode changes between the two standardized UHF DAMA modes, reduction of overhead when dynamic DAMA protocols are supporting relatively static services, and increased capability to handle network dynamics for standardized protocols having insufficient orderwire capacity. This study considered the need for multiple-hop global connections having short throughput delays. Because of the general trend to integrate previously isolated communication systems, the importance of addressing multiple-hop within a single system (e.g., UHF SATCOM) is diminishing and therefore was not further investigated. This study also considered the need for standardized high-rate DAMA services on SHF channels; however, the existing draft military standards were found to be adequate in this area. In other areas, the study proposes and describes enhancements that offer significant improvements in network capability with minimal impacts on the operation of existing equipment.
{"title":"Protocol enhancements for SATCOM DAMA military standards","authors":"E. Chandler, W.T. Harbison","doi":"10.1109/TCC.1996.561090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCC.1996.561090","url":null,"abstract":"Military communication networks in the near future are expected to be integrated and dynamic. In order to deal with dynamic user needs, demand-assigned multiple access (DAMA) techniques are being developed and standardized for military satellite communication (SATCOM) networks. In the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) band, two military standards have been released. However, a technical working group (TWG) within the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) has been formed to address some of the anticipated shortcomings of networks operating per these standards. In the superhigh frequency (SHF) band, although not yet released, two documents representing a military standard exist in final draft form. In the extremely high frequency (EHF) band, several organizations are developing protocols for DAMA operation that will likely lead to a future military standard. This study proposes and evaluates the improvements resulting from several protocol enhancements, primarily for UHF DAMA. The study gives consideration to the impact on operation of existing equipment in its assessment of various protocol enhancements. The proposed protocol enhancements address the following needs: short delay (call setup and voice/data throughput) connections, fast mode changes between the two standardized UHF DAMA modes, reduction of overhead when dynamic DAMA protocols are supporting relatively static services, and increased capability to handle network dynamics for standardized protocols having insufficient orderwire capacity. This study considered the need for multiple-hop global connections having short throughput delays. Because of the general trend to integrate previously isolated communication systems, the importance of addressing multiple-hop within a single system (e.g., UHF SATCOM) is diminishing and therefore was not further investigated. This study also considered the need for standardized high-rate DAMA services on SHF channels; however, the existing draft military standards were found to be adequate in this area. In other areas, the study proposes and describes enhancements that offer significant improvements in network capability with minimal impacts on the operation of existing equipment.","PeriodicalId":398935,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1996 Tactical Communications Conference. Ensuring Joint Force Superiority in the Information Age","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116161391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interference and jamming can severely disrupt the performance of an intended communication receiver, as well as any intercept receivers. This paper examines the effects of a transform domain digital excision filter upon the performance levels of both types of receivers as determined through simulations using the Signal Processing Worksystem. The communication system considered in this research employed direct sequence spread spectrum modulation. Intercept receivers considered were the radiometer and chip rate detector. The performance of the communication and intercept receivers in the presence of narrowband jammers was measured with and without the excision filter in order to characterize the performance gains achieved with the filter. These gains are presented in the form of bit error probability and receiver operating characteristic curves.
{"title":"Effects of a transform domain filter upon error rates and detectability of a spread spectrum signal","authors":"C. B. Madden, R. Mills","doi":"10.1109/TCC.1996.561122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCC.1996.561122","url":null,"abstract":"Interference and jamming can severely disrupt the performance of an intended communication receiver, as well as any intercept receivers. This paper examines the effects of a transform domain digital excision filter upon the performance levels of both types of receivers as determined through simulations using the Signal Processing Worksystem. The communication system considered in this research employed direct sequence spread spectrum modulation. Intercept receivers considered were the radiometer and chip rate detector. The performance of the communication and intercept receivers in the presence of narrowband jammers was measured with and without the excision filter in order to characterize the performance gains achieved with the filter. These gains are presented in the form of bit error probability and receiver operating characteristic curves.","PeriodicalId":398935,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1996 Tactical Communications Conference. Ensuring Joint Force Superiority in the Information Age","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116677316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The OPNET simulation software developed by MIL3 has been used to construct a very detailed model of the Mil-Std-188-220 A network protocol executing over a SINCGARS radio net operating in packet mode. The intranet relay function provided by this protocol has included a transport layer like acknowledgment for ensuring reliable transmission across multiple relayers within a network. The intranet end-to-end (ETE) acknowledgment is in addition to any reliability provided by the link layer. This paper examines the performance of multi-hop relay networks using different combinations of network layer and link layer reliability functions. The paper presents recommendations for the use of the ETE acknowledgment based on throughput, delay, and completion percentage.
{"title":"Use of end-to-end acknowledgment in Mil-Std-188-220 A extended networks","authors":"E.A. Whitehill","doi":"10.1109/TCC.1996.561121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCC.1996.561121","url":null,"abstract":"The OPNET simulation software developed by MIL3 has been used to construct a very detailed model of the Mil-Std-188-220 A network protocol executing over a SINCGARS radio net operating in packet mode. The intranet relay function provided by this protocol has included a transport layer like acknowledgment for ensuring reliable transmission across multiple relayers within a network. The intranet end-to-end (ETE) acknowledgment is in addition to any reliability provided by the link layer. This paper examines the performance of multi-hop relay networks using different combinations of network layer and link layer reliability functions. The paper presents recommendations for the use of the ETE acknowledgment based on throughput, delay, and completion percentage.","PeriodicalId":398935,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1996 Tactical Communications Conference. Ensuring Joint Force Superiority in the Information Age","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123910748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article reviews and summarizes the results of a Norden study to evaluate real-time JPEG and wavelet compression of the RS-170 images taken from the display of the APG-76 high resolution SAR multimode radar system and transmitted to the ground. The significant advantages of this compression are twofold: the ability to retain large quantities of flight test images at better compression rates than that provided by the lossless GIF format; and the ability to transmit the images in near-real time from the ground station to a home base over standard telephone lines or even over a cellular phone. We have investigated several techniques, considered in the literature to be at or near the state of the art, for lossy compression of APG-76 radar images captured on the ground. We have achieved up to 15:1 in JPEG compression rates without significant picture degradation, if the images are first de-noised. If the pictures are not de-noised, then an 8:1 compression rate can be achieved with little degradation, but at 15:1, JPEG does degrade the images. Although in 1995 we could find no wavelet technique that bettered JPEG, we recently acquired a wavelet implementation that, at 15:1 compression, measured nearly 30 dB in peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), and was 1.6 dB better than JPEG. This represents a long step towards the 3 dB PSNR improvement required to achieve 2:1 compression improvement over JPEG.
本文回顾和总结了Norden研究的结果，以评估从APG-76高分辨率SAR多模雷达系统显示并传输到地面的RS-170图像的实时JPEG和小波压缩。这种压缩的显著优势是双重的:能够以比无损GIF格式提供的更好的压缩率保留大量飞行测试图像;以及通过标准电话线甚至蜂窝电话将图像近乎实时地从地面站传输到家庭基地的能力。我们研究了几种技术，在文献中被认为是处于或接近最先进的状态，用于在地面上捕获的APG-76雷达图像的有损压缩。如果图像首先去噪，我们已经实现了高达15:1的JPEG压缩率，而没有明显的图像退化。如果图片没有去噪，那么可以实现8:1的压缩率而几乎没有降级，但是在15:1时，JPEG确实会降低图像的降级。虽然在1995年我们没有发现比JPEG更好的小波技术，但我们最近获得了一种小波实现，在15:1压缩下，测量到峰值信噪比(PSNR)接近30 dB，比JPEG好1.6 dB。这代表了向实现比JPEG 2:1的压缩改进所需的3 dB PSNR改进迈出的一大步。
{"title":"Techniques for real-time compression of RS-170 high resolution radar images","authors":"A. D. Aronoff","doi":"10.1109/TCC.1996.561123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCC.1996.561123","url":null,"abstract":"The article reviews and summarizes the results of a Norden study to evaluate real-time JPEG and wavelet compression of the RS-170 images taken from the display of the APG-76 high resolution SAR multimode radar system and transmitted to the ground. The significant advantages of this compression are twofold: the ability to retain large quantities of flight test images at better compression rates than that provided by the lossless GIF format; and the ability to transmit the images in near-real time from the ground station to a home base over standard telephone lines or even over a cellular phone. We have investigated several techniques, considered in the literature to be at or near the state of the art, for lossy compression of APG-76 radar images captured on the ground. We have achieved up to 15:1 in JPEG compression rates without significant picture degradation, if the images are first de-noised. If the pictures are not de-noised, then an 8:1 compression rate can be achieved with little degradation, but at 15:1, JPEG does degrade the images. Although in 1995 we could find no wavelet technique that bettered JPEG, we recently acquired a wavelet implementation that, at 15:1 compression, measured nearly 30 dB in peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), and was 1.6 dB better than JPEG. This represents a long step towards the 3 dB PSNR improvement required to achieve 2:1 compression improvement over JPEG.","PeriodicalId":398935,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1996 Tactical Communications Conference. Ensuring Joint Force Superiority in the Information Age","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124094370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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