Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.32347/2786-7269.2023.3.63-73
T. Zhydkova, V. Hleba, S. Chepurna
In the conditions of modern war, the protection of the civilian population has become the biggest problem. Contrary to all the rules of warfare, the enemy's main goal is not victory on the battlefield, but the destruction of the entire population of Ukraine. To do this, rocket strikes are carried out at night against residential buildings and during the day at places of population concentration in the territory of cities. Shelters on the territory of cities are not provided for in the legislative and regulatory documentation. In these conditions, the city authorities of many cities in Ukraine took responsibility for people's lives. Within the limits of their authority, representatives of the city government and public organizations made significant efforts to ensure the protection of citizens in parks and squares, at public transport stops, and in children's playgrounds. The existing condition of the shelters installed at public transport stops in the cities of Ukraine, their structural and operational properties were analysed. The analysis of the existing shelters showed that to provide protection against small arms, missile fragments and air waves, the original shelters are quite suitable, but none of the structures that should become protection for citizens, first for the less mobile part of society, does not meet the requirements of accessibility Unprofessionalism of designers, lack of regulatory documentation, failure to take into account operating conditions eventually led to the gradual transformation of these shelters into public toilets and places for homeless people to sleep. The planning properties of a typical shelter project were analysed, non-compliance with accessibility conditions was pointed out, and the correction of design decisions was suggested. Changes are proposed to ensure the availability of shelters and their intended use; namely, the blocking of the specified buildings with trade and public catering establishments and public toilets.
{"title":"PROTECTION OF CIVILIAN POPULATION IN PUBLIC TERRITORY","authors":"T. Zhydkova, V. Hleba, S. Chepurna","doi":"10.32347/2786-7269.2023.3.63-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2023.3.63-73","url":null,"abstract":"In the conditions of modern war, the protection of the civilian population has become the biggest problem. Contrary to all the rules of warfare, the enemy's main goal is not victory on the battlefield, but the destruction of the entire population of Ukraine. To do this, rocket strikes are carried out at night against residential buildings and during the day at places of population concentration in the territory of cities. Shelters on the territory of cities are not provided for in the legislative and regulatory documentation. In these conditions, the city authorities of many cities in Ukraine took responsibility for people's lives. Within the limits of their authority, representatives of the city government and public organizations made significant efforts to ensure the protection of citizens in parks and squares, at public transport stops, and in children's playgrounds. The existing condition of the shelters installed at public transport stops in the cities of Ukraine, their structural and operational properties were analysed. The analysis of the existing shelters showed that to provide protection against small arms, missile fragments and air waves, the original shelters are quite suitable, but none of the structures that should become protection for citizens, first for the less mobile part of society, does not meet the requirements of accessibility Unprofessionalism of designers, lack of regulatory documentation, failure to take into account operating conditions eventually led to the gradual transformation of these shelters into public toilets and places for homeless people to sleep. The planning properties of a typical shelter project were analysed, non-compliance with accessibility conditions was pointed out, and the correction of design decisions was suggested. Changes are proposed to ensure the availability of shelters and their intended use; namely, the blocking of the specified buildings with trade and public catering establishments and public toilets. ","PeriodicalId":39927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Spatial Development","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83618470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.32347/2786-7269.2023.3.23-34
V. Zozulyak, Tatiana Korotkova, V. Yatsenko
This paper attempts to look at the pain caused to one of the many settlements and find ways and methods to heal it, to cure the wounds caused by the hostilities. An analysis of the long history of the Ukrainian people has revealed that the main argument at all times was national pride, strength, will, love of nature, labour, respect and memory for their ancestors, and preservation of all the heritage left to posterity. A look at the nature of the destruction makes architects look for new approaches to the recovery process. And it is the strength of social relations of the Ukrainian people that can perhaps be a new concept of socialisation of the reconstruction process, especially in areas where all the features of the people are manifested in public spaces, which in this case is the central part of the village of Borodyanka. The concept does not imply a conventional reconstruction because a new generation will live in the city, but it should preserve the memory of its yesterday's past by giving it the opportunity to live, work, love and build a better country and its village than it was before the destruction. The article proposes the concept of complex thematic zones that will unite people, namely, raise the sociologisation of relations between residents of different age groups. The task of the concept is to build a central space in the village where the history of the settlement will be traced, demonstrating the energy power that the residents had in overcoming difficult times and the power of joy and desire to live and love their settlement. And it is extremely important to try to reflect the history with elements that are still understandable to everyone: landscaping, information, spirituality and gratitude.
{"title":"CONCEPT OF SOCIOLOGISATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CENTRAL ZONE OF BORODYANKA","authors":"V. Zozulyak, Tatiana Korotkova, V. Yatsenko","doi":"10.32347/2786-7269.2023.3.23-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2023.3.23-34","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts to look at the pain caused to one of the many settlements and find ways and methods to heal it, to cure the wounds caused by the hostilities. An analysis of the long history of the Ukrainian people has revealed that the main argument at all times was national pride, strength, will, love of nature, labour, respect and memory for their ancestors, and preservation of all the heritage left to posterity. A look at the nature of the destruction makes architects look for new approaches to the recovery process. And it is the strength of social relations of the Ukrainian people that can perhaps be a new concept of socialisation of the reconstruction process, especially in areas where all the features of the people are manifested in public spaces, which in this case is the central part of the village of Borodyanka. \u0000The concept does not imply a conventional reconstruction because a new generation will live in the city, but it should preserve the memory of its yesterday's past by giving it the opportunity to live, work, love and build a better country and its village than it was before the destruction. The article proposes the concept of complex thematic zones that will unite people, namely, raise the sociologisation of relations between residents of different age groups. \u0000The task of the concept is to build a central space in the village where the history of the settlement will be traced, demonstrating the energy power that the residents had in overcoming difficult times and the power of joy and desire to live and love their settlement. And it is extremely important to try to reflect the history with elements that are still understandable to everyone: landscaping, information, spirituality and gratitude. ","PeriodicalId":39927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Spatial Development","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84935322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.32347/2786-7269.2023.3.144-153
K. Predun, Oleksii Kushnir, Jamil Guliyev
The ways of further transformation of the existing energy market in Ukraine under the conditions of biosphere compatibility are analyzed. The use of renewable energy sources is one of the most important directions of modern energy policy, aimed both at improving the state of the environment and at saving traditional fuel and energy resources. Adopted legislative and regulatory acts contributed to the rapid growth of "green" energy in Ukraine. Currently, the uncontrolled construction and commissioning of exclusively solar power plants at rates that are ahead of planned indicators have caused a threat to the energy security of our state. At the same time, other types of renewable sources, which in the vast majority can be used to balance the energy market, are underdeveloped. Waste from agricultural production, solid household waste landfills under certain conditions can be transformed from sources of environmental pollution into renewable energy sources with biogas generation. Its main components are methane and carbon dioxide. One of the promising ways to increase the efficiency of fuel use can be the synthesis of methane from hydrogen, which is obtained with the use of electricity from alternative sources, and carbon dioxide, which is formed during the production of biomethane. In this way, a complex problem is solved - the simultaneous loading of nuclear power plant units, the use of excess electricity from wind and solar power plants with a decrease in the balancing capacities of thermal generation. The meaning of the ecological and energy optimization process is not to replace one energy source with another, but economic and industrial transformation, decarbonization and decentralization. To solve these problems, measures are proposed to improve the requirements of the regulatory and legislative acts in force in Ukraine on the regulation of the state's energy sector by introducing greater competition, European technical standards and transparent regulatory rules, a better investment climate in the domestic market.
{"title":"POSSIBLE WAYS OF TRANSFORMATION IN ENERGY UKRAINE ON THE GROUNDS OF BIOSPHORE COMPATIBILITY","authors":"K. Predun, Oleksii Kushnir, Jamil Guliyev","doi":"10.32347/2786-7269.2023.3.144-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2023.3.144-153","url":null,"abstract":"The ways of further transformation of the existing energy market in Ukraine under the conditions of biosphere compatibility are analyzed. The use of renewable energy sources is one of the most important directions of modern energy policy, aimed both at improving the state of the environment and at saving traditional fuel and energy resources. Adopted legislative and regulatory acts contributed to the rapid growth of \"green\" energy in Ukraine. Currently, the uncontrolled construction and commissioning of exclusively solar power plants at rates that are ahead of planned indicators have caused a threat to the energy security of our state. At the same time, other types of renewable sources, which in the vast majority can be used to balance the energy market, are underdeveloped. Waste from agricultural production, solid household waste landfills under certain conditions can be transformed from sources of environmental pollution into renewable energy sources with biogas generation. Its main components are methane and carbon dioxide. One of the promising ways to increase the efficiency of fuel use can be the synthesis of methane from hydrogen, which is obtained with the use of electricity from alternative sources, and carbon dioxide, which is formed during the production of biomethane. In this way, a complex problem is solved - the simultaneous loading of nuclear power plant units, the use of excess electricity from wind and solar power plants with a decrease in the balancing capacities of thermal generation. The meaning of the ecological and energy optimization process is not to replace one energy source with another, but economic and industrial transformation, decarbonization and decentralization. To solve these problems, measures are proposed to improve the requirements of the regulatory and legislative acts in force in Ukraine on the regulation of the state's energy sector by introducing greater competition, European technical standards and transparent regulatory rules, a better investment climate in the domestic market. ","PeriodicalId":39927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Spatial Development","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75293650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.32347/2786-7269.2023.3.47-55
Kateryna Rebrova, Tatiana Korotkova, V. Yatsenko
Today, the issue of nature conservation, environmental improvement and its interaction with tourism activities is one of the main tasks at all levels of the settlement system. The specificity of tourism in our country is characterized by the fact that it directly considers history, sights in the context of nature, which was the root cause of cultural, architectural and urban monuments. The article highlights the main principles of determining the potential for the development of cultural and ecological tourism, namely the primacy of the natural component, the inherent essence of cultural monuments and the natural environment; ecological cultural and social sustainability; and the gradual systematic development of the network of architectural and construction objects in the industry. The systematic and phased development should be based on the real possibilities of the resource potential and the existing architectural and urban planning support; study of regional needs and economic opportunities. It is also important to develop a strategy not only for the use but also for the improvement of resource capacity on the basis of ecological improvement of both the natural and urban environment in order to interact the tourism and environmental industry with the relevant foreign systems.
{"title":"PRINCIPLES FOR DETERMINING THE POTENTIAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL AND ECOLOGICAL TOURISM IN UKRAINE","authors":"Kateryna Rebrova, Tatiana Korotkova, V. Yatsenko","doi":"10.32347/2786-7269.2023.3.47-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2023.3.47-55","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the issue of nature conservation, environmental improvement and its interaction with tourism activities is one of the main tasks at all levels of the settlement system. The specificity of tourism in our country is characterized by the fact that it directly considers history, sights in the context of nature, which was the root cause of cultural, architectural and urban monuments. The article highlights the main principles of determining the potential for the development of cultural and ecological tourism, namely the primacy of the natural component, the inherent essence of cultural monuments and the natural environment; ecological cultural and social sustainability; and the gradual systematic development of the network of architectural and construction objects in the industry. \u0000The systematic and phased development should be based on the real possibilities of the resource potential and the existing architectural and urban planning support; study of regional needs and economic opportunities. It is also important to develop a strategy not only for the use but also for the improvement of resource capacity on the basis of ecological improvement of both the natural and urban environment in order to interact the tourism and environmental industry with the relevant foreign systems.","PeriodicalId":39927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Spatial Development","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76606398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.32347/2786-7269.2023.3.173-196
M. Habrel, M. Kosmii, T. Habrel
The article makes theoretical reflections and analogies of urban systems (ideal, functional, intelligent city) with human spirituality and spirituality of the city. The study considers spirituality as part of human comfort, and the need for urban spirituality as a key requirement of urban planning. The spiritual component is underestimated by society, as well as by specialists in organizing the space of social activity, while it is the intangible and vernacular that create the "face" of cities. The key idea of the study is that the city should be spiritually comfortable, and in substantiating architectural and urban planning decisions in today's dynamic conditions, spiritual criteria and categories of faith, culture, mentality should be the main ones. The phenomenon of spirit and comfort of cities has been reconsidered, approaches to returning spirituality to cities, wider participation of free human will (libera voluntas) in the process of their creation, deformalization of the existing practice of urban planning, activation of internal resources of people in the design of cities, formation of new forms of urban life and activity have been substantiated. Rethinking urbanization, we consider spirituality as an integral part of human nature and urban community, urban lifestyles and activities. A research methodology based on the provisions of behavioral psychology and cultivating the integrity of "reading, imaging and building a city" is presented. An approach based on the assertion that urban spirituality is realized through innate needs, challenges and contexts is applied. In the process of research, to build a model of spiritual comfort of the city, the position of the five-dimensionality of urban planning space (person – functions – conditions – geometry – time) was used and semi-structured interviews (surveys and conversations) were conducted with civil servants, persons who worked in the field of urban planning, management and religious affairs, as well as in institutional groups (creative unions, public associations, religious congregations, schools, families). This contributed to the collective assessment of this phenomenon, its connection with the city. Events and spiritual places that create a sense of spiritual comfort — coziness, calm and educate a person — are allocated, spirituality and sacredness of the city space as a system are analyzed. Proposals are formulated and architectural and town-planning recommendations are presented to strengthen the spirit and spiritual comfort of cities.
{"title":"SPIRITUAL COMFORT AND SPIRIT OF THE CITY AS AN URBAN PHENOMENON","authors":"M. Habrel, M. Kosmii, T. Habrel","doi":"10.32347/2786-7269.2023.3.173-196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2023.3.173-196","url":null,"abstract":"The article makes theoretical reflections and analogies of urban systems (ideal, functional, intelligent city) with human spirituality and spirituality of the city. The study considers spirituality as part of human comfort, and the need for urban spirituality as a key requirement of urban planning. The spiritual component is underestimated by society, as well as by specialists in organizing the space of social activity, while it is the intangible and vernacular that create the \"face\" of cities. The key idea of the study is that the city should be spiritually comfortable, and in substantiating architectural and urban planning decisions in today's dynamic conditions, spiritual criteria and categories of faith, culture, mentality should be the main ones. The phenomenon of spirit and comfort of cities has been reconsidered, approaches to returning spirituality to cities, wider participation of free human will (libera voluntas) in the process of their creation, deformalization of the existing practice of urban planning, activation of internal resources of people in the design of cities, formation of new forms of urban life and activity have been substantiated. Rethinking urbanization, we consider spirituality as an integral part of human nature and urban community, urban lifestyles and activities. \u0000A research methodology based on the provisions of behavioral psychology and cultivating the integrity of \"reading, imaging and building a city\" is presented. An approach based on the assertion that urban spirituality is realized through innate needs, challenges and contexts is applied. In the process of research, to build a model of spiritual comfort of the city, the position of the five-dimensionality of urban planning space (person – functions – conditions – geometry – time) was used and semi-structured interviews (surveys and conversations) were conducted with civil servants, persons who worked in the field of urban planning, management and religious affairs, as well as in institutional groups (creative unions, public associations, religious congregations, schools, families). This contributed to the collective assessment of this phenomenon, its connection with the city. Events and spiritual places that create a sense of spiritual comfort — coziness, calm and educate a person — are allocated, spirituality and sacredness of the city space as a system are analyzed. Proposals are formulated and architectural and town-planning recommendations are presented to strengthen the spirit and spiritual comfort of cities. ","PeriodicalId":39927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Spatial Development","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79670995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.32347/2786-7269.2023.3.154-161
Polina Berova
This study aims to determine the role of "soft skills" expansion in students’ studying process and their future professional activity in real property development. The presented study analyzes the role of "soft skills" formation and development in studying and professional activities of real property development specialists. Performing professional functions, a specialist always realizes himself as a person, who reacting holistically to specific situations, interacting with other participants in professional activities, and forming a system of individual values. A person may face specific difficulties in everyday stressful situations during his professional activities. In particular, development activities are related to the organization of real property conversion processes, projects coordination with state authorities and local self-government bodies, as well as risk management. All these processes require specific professional and social skills from industry specialists. This study highlights the modern requirements of employers among specialists' social skills level in real property development. Towards the goal necessitated to use the following research methods: continuous sampling, comparative analysis, generalization; modern scientific literature systematization to analyze theoretical and scientific sources and substantiation of "soft skills" role in real property development specialists’ professional activities.
{"title":"MODERN REQUIREMENTS FOR STUDING OF SPECIALISTS FOR REAL PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT","authors":"Polina Berova","doi":"10.32347/2786-7269.2023.3.154-161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2023.3.154-161","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the role of \"soft skills\" expansion in students’ studying process and their future professional activity in real property development. The presented study analyzes the role of \"soft skills\" formation and development in studying and professional activities of real property development specialists. Performing professional functions, a specialist always realizes himself as a person, who reacting holistically to specific situations, interacting with other participants in professional activities, and forming a system of individual values. A person may face specific difficulties in everyday stressful situations during his professional activities. In particular, development activities are related to the organization of real property conversion processes, projects coordination with state authorities and local self-government bodies, as well as risk management. All these processes require specific professional and social skills from industry specialists. This study highlights the modern requirements of employers among specialists' social skills level in real property development. Towards the goal necessitated to use the following research methods: continuous sampling, comparative analysis, generalization; modern scientific literature systematization to analyze theoretical and scientific sources and substantiation of \"soft skills\" role in real property development specialists’ professional activities. ","PeriodicalId":39927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Spatial Development","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78776336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.32347/2786-7269.2022.2.94-105
O. Mykhailyk
The development of many cities has historically been linked to water. Coastal areas are one of the most attractive areas in cities, villages, and settlements: promenades, beaches, and fishing give people rest, the joy of communicating with nature, and energize them. Every year, the recreational load on coastal areas in urban and suburban areas is increasing, land is being cleared for summer cottages in coastal protection strips, and pollution by municipal and industrial runoff is increasing due to a decrease in the level of water treatment. The consequences of these negative processes are the degradation of coastal areas, pollution of water areas, and the death of river ecosystems. The state of the Dnipro ecosystem, like many rivers and their coastal areas, requires effective solutions to improve the natural state, revitalization, and reduce anthropogenic pressure to a minimum, which will trigger self-recovery mechanisms of the river ecological system. The purpose of this publication is to draw attention to the importance of revitalization of water areas and coastal areas in urbanized cities. The article examines the practice of water use in cities. Special attention is paid to the water objects of Kyiv, the state of the Dnipro River in the capital of Ukraine. Conclusions are made regarding the necessity of revitalization of river ecosystems in an urbanized environment. Dnipro has always been an important drinking resource for Kyiv. The coast of the Dnieper River along Podil — the Podil embankment — is a place that performed different functions in different periods of development. This has resulted in a strong contrast in land uses, common practices, users, architecture and a wide range of issues and challenges. Determination and prioritization of these challenges depend on the vision of further development of the territory. Today, the Dnipro Embankment is an active public space in Kyiv. The regeneration project of the Podil embankment — the area stretching from Postova Square to the Gavani industrial zone along the Dnipro River — was initiated by a team of "Agents of Change" specialists in the spring of 2019 with the vision of "Available, active and clean embankment. The process of revitalization of coastal areas, which have degraded due to the burden of industrial enterprises, warehouses, and landfills, is gaining momentum. Successful embankment revitalization projects have common features: Return of the river to its natural state, restoration of flora and fauna. Filling the embankment with new people-oriented functions. In order to provide citizens with access to water, variability in walking routes and ways of spending leisure time, it is necessary to combine separate spaces into a continuous barrier-free environment and provide it with comfortable access from the city. The territory of the Dnipro embankment needs further profile studies to successfully overcome the challenges. The most important of them should be the study of the
{"title":"PRACTICE OF WATER USE IN CITIES","authors":"O. Mykhailyk","doi":"10.32347/2786-7269.2022.2.94-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2022.2.94-105","url":null,"abstract":"The development of many cities has historically been linked to water. Coastal areas are one of the most attractive areas in cities, villages, and settlements: promenades, beaches, and fishing give people rest, the joy of communicating with nature, and energize them. Every year, the recreational load on coastal areas in urban and suburban areas is increasing, land is being cleared for summer cottages in coastal protection strips, and pollution by municipal and industrial runoff is increasing due to a decrease in the level of water treatment. The consequences of these negative processes are the degradation of coastal areas, pollution of water areas, and the death of river ecosystems. The state of the Dnipro ecosystem, like many rivers and their coastal areas, requires effective solutions to improve the natural state, revitalization, and reduce anthropogenic pressure to a minimum, which will trigger self-recovery mechanisms of the river ecological system. \u0000The purpose of this publication is to draw attention to the importance of revitalization of water areas and coastal areas in urbanized cities. The article examines the practice of water use in cities. Special attention is paid to the water objects of Kyiv, the state of the Dnipro River in the capital of Ukraine. Conclusions are made regarding the necessity of revitalization of river ecosystems in an urbanized environment. \u0000Dnipro has always been an important drinking resource for Kyiv. The coast of the Dnieper River along Podil — the Podil embankment — is a place that performed different functions in different periods of development. This has resulted in a strong contrast in land uses, common practices, users, architecture and a wide range of issues and challenges. Determination and prioritization of these challenges depend on the vision of further development of the territory. Today, the Dnipro Embankment is an active public space in Kyiv. \u0000The regeneration project of the Podil embankment — the area stretching from Postova Square to the Gavani industrial zone along the Dnipro River — was initiated by a team of \"Agents of Change\" specialists in the spring of 2019 with the vision of \"Available, active and clean embankment. \u0000The process of revitalization of coastal areas, which have degraded due to the burden of industrial enterprises, warehouses, and landfills, is gaining momentum. Successful embankment revitalization projects have common features: \u0000 \u0000Return of the river to its natural state, restoration of flora and fauna. \u0000Filling the embankment with new people-oriented functions. \u0000 \u0000In order to provide citizens with access to water, variability in walking routes and ways of spending leisure time, it is necessary to combine separate spaces into a continuous barrier-free environment and provide it with comfortable access from the city. The territory of the Dnipro embankment needs further profile studies to successfully overcome the challenges. The most important of them should be the study of the","PeriodicalId":39927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Spatial Development","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74427131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.32347/2786-7269.2022.1.234-245
Vуacheslav Myronenko
The article examines the characteristics of nuclear missile programs in US political doctrines. Methods of historical reconstruction and analytical interpretation were used during the research. A description of the patterns of dynamics of the doctrinal foundations of US nuclear missile policy is given. The article highlights the components of nuclear missile programs in political doctrines, including areas of increasing funding for nuclear missile programs, the nature of external threats in which nuclear missiles can be used, technological features of nuclear missile weapons improvement in the context of nuclear energy development. The purpose of this article is to reveal the natural features in the dynamics of changes in the political approaches of the ruling political forces in such policy areas as deterring and preventing the proliferation of such weapons. The importance of the nuclear missile potential of the US military for political dominance and national security, influence on international relations and the formation of foreign policy doctrine in general is shown. The discussions of scientists are covered, in particular, the positions of scientists on the causes and factors that influenced the changes in the doctrinal foundations of US nuclear missile policy in the process of ensuring national security and international security in general. It is established that the genesis of the doctrinal bases of the US missile and nuclear weapons policy documents in the policy of national and international security is determined by three components: deterring external aggression and preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons; dependence of doctrines on the ideologies of the political regimes of the ruling US parties; constant correlation of approaches to ensuring national and international security by means of nuclear missiles. It has been proven that American political doctrine in international politics gives one of the key places to the US missile and nuclear potential.
{"title":"NUCLEAR MISSILE PROGRAMS IN THE POLITICAL DOCTRINES OF THE UNITED STATES","authors":"Vуacheslav Myronenko","doi":"10.32347/2786-7269.2022.1.234-245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2022.1.234-245","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the characteristics of nuclear missile programs in US political doctrines. Methods of historical reconstruction and analytical interpretation were used during the research. A description of the patterns of dynamics of the doctrinal foundations of US nuclear missile policy is given. \u0000The article highlights the components of nuclear missile programs in political doctrines, including areas of increasing funding for nuclear missile programs, the nature of external threats in which nuclear missiles can be used, technological features of nuclear missile weapons improvement in the context of nuclear energy development. The purpose of this article is to reveal the natural features in the dynamics of changes in the political approaches of the ruling political forces in such policy areas as deterring and preventing the proliferation of such weapons. The importance of the nuclear missile potential of the US military for political dominance and national security, influence on international relations and the formation of foreign policy doctrine in general is shown. The discussions of scientists are covered, in particular, the positions of scientists on the causes and factors that influenced the changes in the doctrinal foundations of US nuclear missile policy in the process of ensuring national security and international security in general. It is established that the genesis of the doctrinal bases of the US missile and nuclear weapons policy documents in the policy of national and international security is determined by three components: deterring external aggression and preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons; dependence of doctrines on the ideologies of the political regimes of the ruling US parties; constant correlation of approaches to ensuring national and international security by means of nuclear missiles. It has been proven that American political doctrine in international politics gives one of the key places to the US missile and nuclear potential. ","PeriodicalId":39927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Spatial Development","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74622704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.32347/2786-7269.2022.2.204-215
Yevgen Pereguda, Valentina Zgurska
The war has reduced the intensity of the discourse on decentralization reform in Ukraine, but recent events and statements suggest that this reform will continue, particularly in the political context. The purpose of the article is to analyze the local self-government reform in Poland in order to highlight those aspects that were not resolved in Ukraine at the time and will accordingly appear on the agenda in the post-war period. The analysis of decentralization in Poland shows that the reform is not limited to a change in the administrative and territorial structure, but is a complex process. In addition, it is a long-term process and involves the implementation of certain measures in other spheres of public administration, in particular with the aim of overcoming shortcomings that were inherent or were not taken into account during the administrative-territorial reform. First of all, this concerns the financial and budgetary sphere, the democratization of local government, the sphere of education, etc. Extracting the lessons of the Polish reform for Ukraine, it is possible to hypothesize that in the post-war period, during the resuscitation of the decentralization policy, the following areas of reform will be relevant: the financial and budgetary sphere, the introduction of a system of local taxes based on the principle of "one tax – one level of management"; the administrative-territorial system, namely the presence of state administration bodies at the district level and consolidation of the regional division of the country; political governance at the local, district, and regional levels, namely, the activation of civil society, the introduction of new democratic institutions, and the strengthening of transparency and accountability of local authorities; education etc. At the same time, the implementation of these and other directions is impossible without the creation of a political prerequisite – a "unified political headquarter" of the reform, namely the achievement of a consensus of the most influential political forces regarding the principles and directions of the reform. This also follows from the experience of decentralization in Poland.
{"title":"LOCAL GOVERNMENT REFORM IN POLAND AS A LESSON FOR UKRAINE FOR THE POST-WAR PERIOD","authors":"Yevgen Pereguda, Valentina Zgurska","doi":"10.32347/2786-7269.2022.2.204-215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2022.2.204-215","url":null,"abstract":"The war has reduced the intensity of the discourse on decentralization reform in Ukraine, but recent events and statements suggest that this reform will continue, particularly in the political context. \u0000The purpose of the article is to analyze the local self-government reform in Poland in order to highlight those aspects that were not resolved in Ukraine at the time and will accordingly appear on the agenda in the post-war period. \u0000The analysis of decentralization in Poland shows that the reform is not limited to a change in the administrative and territorial structure, but is a complex process. In addition, it is a long-term process and involves the implementation of certain measures in other spheres of public administration, in particular with the aim of overcoming shortcomings that were inherent or were not taken into account during the administrative-territorial reform. First of all, this concerns the financial and budgetary sphere, the democratization of local government, the sphere of education, etc. \u0000Extracting the lessons of the Polish reform for Ukraine, it is possible to hypothesize that in the post-war period, during the resuscitation of the decentralization policy, the following areas of reform will be relevant: the financial and budgetary sphere, the introduction of a system of local taxes based on the principle of \"one tax – one level of management\"; the administrative-territorial system, namely the presence of state administration bodies at the district level and consolidation of the regional division of the country; political governance at the local, district, and regional levels, namely, the activation of civil society, the introduction of new democratic institutions, and the strengthening of transparency and accountability of local authorities; education etc. \u0000At the same time, the implementation of these and other directions is impossible without the creation of a political prerequisite – a \"unified political headquarter\" of the reform, namely the achievement of a consensus of the most influential political forces regarding the principles and directions of the reform. This also follows from the experience of decentralization in Poland. ","PeriodicalId":39927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Spatial Development","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79262594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.32347/2786-7269.2022.2.229-237
V. Myronenko
The article examines the positions of scientists on the concept of non-use of nuclear weapons in the provisions of the political doctrines of the nuclear missile programs of the leading countries of the world. In particular, the features of the argumentation of scientists and analysts regarding the expediency of introducing a policy of non-use of nuclear weapons first in the presence of a real military threat are studied. An analysis of the interpretations of the proportionality of the concept of non-use of real indicators of threats is carried out. In the course of the study, a significant number of political science and other methods were used, among which the doctrinal method of research took the main place, thanks to which the position of the concepts of the non-use of nuclear weapons in the political doctrines of the leading countries of the world was established, and the concepts of scientists on the phenomenon under study were characterized. Among other methods, the method of structural-functional analysis, the comparative method, and others were used. The result of the study was the provisions on the presence of natural political and methodological properties of the concept of the non-use of nuclear weapons, presented in research positions.
{"title":"NON-USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN DOCTRINAL MEASUREMENTS OF NUCLEAR ROCKET PROGRAMS OF WIRED COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD","authors":"V. Myronenko","doi":"10.32347/2786-7269.2022.2.229-237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2022.2.229-237","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the positions of scientists on the concept of non-use of nuclear weapons in the provisions of the political doctrines of the nuclear missile programs of the leading countries of the world. In particular, the features of the argumentation of scientists and analysts regarding the expediency of introducing a policy of non-use of nuclear weapons first in the presence of a real military threat are studied. An analysis of the interpretations of the proportionality of the concept of non-use of real indicators of threats is carried out. In the course of the study, a significant number of political science and other methods were used, among which the doctrinal method of research took the main place, thanks to which the position of the concepts of the non-use of nuclear weapons in the political doctrines of the leading countries of the world was established, and the concepts of scientists on the phenomenon under study were characterized. Among other methods, the method of structural-functional analysis, the comparative method, and others were used. The result of the study was the provisions on the presence of natural political and methodological properties of the concept of the non-use of nuclear weapons, presented in research positions.","PeriodicalId":39927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Spatial Development","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80777817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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