Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.32347/2786-7269.2022.2.115-131
T. Hutsul, Kateryna Myronchuk
The relevance of the content of topographic maps of various scales for a long time remained catastrophic and did not correspond to the state of the area throughout the territory of Ukraine. The display of vegetation elements is an integral part of the content of a topographic map of any area. The recently announced "Green Country" project, the initiatives of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine regarding the state forest management strategy until 2035 aimed at increasing the share of forested areas throughout the country, and even achieved certain positive results in the northwestern and western regions countries. Currently, significant catastrophic changes (mechanical damage, forest fires) are taking place in the forest stands in the places of hostilities in the south and east of Ukraine. The majority of topographic maps are created and updated by means of photo-topographic surveying and subsequent deciphering of the obtained materials. Quantitative characteristics of tree plantation objects are determined by cartometric measurements and correlation ratios. Forest vegetation conditions for the same tree stands may differ, and as a result, the height of the same tree species depending on the growth conditions, which directly affects the determination of the bonity class, may vary several times. The diameter of trees at breast height (1.3 m) is determined through the correlation between the average height of the tree, its age and the thickness of its trunk. The main requirements for the representation of vegetation cover on topographic maps relate to the correct and visual display of types of vegetation cover, their boundaries, quantitative and qualitative characteristics. The authors analyzed the main types of woody vegetation, the age-related changes in their height depending on the bonity classes, established a correlation between the age, average height and average thickness of the trunks of woody plants, and also interpolated through convenient ranges the average values of the diameters of the trunks. Such clarifications will increase the reliability of the displayed information, in particular in the aspect of quantitative information on tree stands.
{"title":"PROBLEM POINTS OF DETERMINING THE METRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WOOD STANDS DURING DECODERING","authors":"T. Hutsul, Kateryna Myronchuk","doi":"10.32347/2786-7269.2022.2.115-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2022.2.115-131","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the content of topographic maps of various scales for a long time remained catastrophic and did not correspond to the state of the area throughout the territory of Ukraine. The display of vegetation elements is an integral part of the content of a topographic map of any area. The recently announced \"Green Country\" project, the initiatives of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine regarding the state forest management strategy until 2035 aimed at increasing the share of forested areas throughout the country, and even achieved certain positive results in the northwestern and western regions countries. Currently, significant catastrophic changes (mechanical damage, forest fires) are taking place in the forest stands in the places of hostilities in the south and east of Ukraine. \u0000The majority of topographic maps are created and updated by means of photo-topographic surveying and subsequent deciphering of the obtained materials. Quantitative characteristics of tree plantation objects are determined by cartometric measurements and correlation ratios. \u0000Forest vegetation conditions for the same tree stands may differ, and as a result, the height of the same tree species depending on the growth conditions, which directly affects the determination of the bonity class, may vary several times. The diameter of trees at breast height (1.3 m) is determined through the correlation between the average height of the tree, its age and the thickness of its trunk. The main requirements for the representation of vegetation cover on topographic maps relate to the correct and visual display of types of vegetation cover, their boundaries, quantitative and qualitative characteristics. \u0000The authors analyzed the main types of woody vegetation, the age-related changes in their height depending on the bonity classes, established a correlation between the age, average height and average thickness of the trunks of woody plants, and also interpolated through convenient ranges the average values of the diameters of the trunks. Such clarifications will increase the reliability of the displayed information, in particular in the aspect of quantitative information on tree stands. ","PeriodicalId":39927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Spatial Development","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80605233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.32347/2786-7269.2022.2.56-66
Mykola Diomin, H. Tatarchenko
The article deals with the problem of pollution of the air basin of urban areas, taking into account development. Emissions into the atmosphere of sulfur oxides, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen in the absence of wind in the lower layers of the atmosphere, strong inversion, high solar activity and interaction with water vapor in the air form acids of harmful substances. The general concept of the transition to clean air in urban areas proposes to consider the systemic integrity of objects consisting of three - “human«environment« transport”. Theoretical and practical calculations of the transverse profile of dispersion of pollution from road transport in the main areas were carried out. Based on the analysis, it is indicated that the propagation range of vehicle emissions (for example, nitrogen oxides) significantly exceeds the distances at which pedestrian and bicycle paths pass, and pose a danger to human health. If a highway passes through a street canyon, then specific conditions are created for the dispersion of pollutants, resulting in the creation of contrasting microclimatic zones with an increased concentration of air pollution. These data can be dozens of times higher than the normative values and concentrations of pollutants in open space. It is proposed to create low emission zones (LEZ) by promoting public transport or encouraging active modes of transport. The results obtained make it possible to determine rational and economically justified sets of measures to reduce the level of urban air pollution and rational methods of organizing traffic, taking into account the likely degree of pollution of urban areas, including canyons, in accordance with design solutions.
{"title":"TRANSPORT POLLUTION OF THE AIR BASIN OF URBAN CANYONS","authors":"Mykola Diomin, H. Tatarchenko","doi":"10.32347/2786-7269.2022.2.56-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2022.2.56-66","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the problem of pollution of the air basin of urban areas, taking into account development. Emissions into the atmosphere of sulfur oxides, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen in the absence of wind in the lower layers of the atmosphere, strong inversion, high solar activity and interaction with water vapor in the air form acids of harmful substances. The general concept of the transition to clean air in urban areas proposes to consider the systemic integrity of objects consisting of three - “human«environment« transport”. Theoretical and practical calculations of the transverse profile of dispersion of pollution from road transport in the main areas were carried out. Based on the analysis, it is indicated that the propagation range of vehicle emissions (for example, nitrogen oxides) significantly exceeds the distances at which pedestrian and bicycle paths pass, and pose a danger to human health. \u0000If a highway passes through a street canyon, then specific conditions are created for the dispersion of pollutants, resulting in the creation of contrasting microclimatic zones with an increased concentration of air pollution. These data can be dozens of times higher than the normative values and concentrations of pollutants in open space. It is proposed to create low emission zones (LEZ) by promoting public transport or encouraging active modes of transport. The results obtained make it possible to determine rational and economically justified sets of measures to reduce the level of urban air pollution and rational methods of organizing traffic, taking into account the likely degree of pollution of urban areas, including canyons, in accordance with design solutions.","PeriodicalId":39927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Spatial Development","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84530121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.32347/2786-7269.2022.1.3-14
Liubov Apostolova-Sossa
The methodology and structure of urban analysis for a detailed study of the characteristics of the urban environment are considered. A generalization was made and improvement of the structure and methodology of urban analysis was proposed, by using modern approaches and foreign experience. The work describes the study of the territory’s general structure. The outlined structure of the sectoral analysis is aimed at obtaining the most complete objective, scientifically based information about the investigated territory and allows to determine the entire complex of urban planning restrictions (sanitary and protective zones, noise and air pollution zones, flooding, landslides, nature and water protection restrictions, monument protection zones, historical areas, etc.), which affect the permissible urban transformations’ scale and character within the framework of the project being planned. The proposed urban analysis structure could become the basis for preliminary stage of urban planning while working on urban transformation projects. The work shows the possibilities for interdisciplinary research with the involvement of history, culture, sociology specialists at various stages. The generalization of the results of urban analysis consists of the existing degrading and potential development zones as well as conflict and problem areas identification, centers of gravity and prospects for various types of economic activity determination, and identification of territories’ reserves and project implementation resources detection. The improved methodology of urban analysis allows to identify problems that may arise during the implementation at the stage of pre-project studies, or can appear as a result of the urban transformations project’s implementation, and allows to determine the conflict points’ causes, potential opportunities for the development of territories and will be useful for the further search for solutions and resources for the project’s implementation.
{"title":"URBAN ANALYSIS AS A COMPREHENSIVE TERRITORY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY","authors":"Liubov Apostolova-Sossa","doi":"10.32347/2786-7269.2022.1.3-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2022.1.3-14","url":null,"abstract":"The methodology and structure of urban analysis for a detailed study of the characteristics of the urban environment are considered. A generalization was made and improvement of the structure and methodology of urban analysis was proposed, by using modern approaches and foreign experience. The work describes the study of the territory’s general structure. The outlined structure of the sectoral analysis is aimed at obtaining the most complete objective, scientifically based information about the investigated territory and allows to determine the entire complex of urban planning restrictions (sanitary and protective zones, noise and air pollution zones, flooding, landslides, nature and water protection restrictions, monument protection zones, historical areas, etc.), which affect the permissible urban transformations’ scale and character within the framework of the project being planned. The proposed urban analysis structure could become the basis for preliminary stage of urban planning while working on urban transformation projects. The work shows the possibilities for interdisciplinary research with the involvement of history, culture, sociology specialists at various stages. The generalization of the results of urban analysis consists of the existing degrading and potential development zones as well as conflict and problem areas identification, centers of gravity and prospects for various types of economic activity determination, and identification of territories’ reserves and project implementation resources detection. The improved methodology of urban analysis allows to identify problems that may arise during the implementation at the stage of pre-project studies, or can appear as a result of the urban transformations project’s implementation, and allows to determine the conflict points’ causes, potential opportunities for the development of territories and will be useful for the further search for solutions and resources for the project’s implementation.","PeriodicalId":39927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Spatial Development","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75203968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.32347/2786-7269.2022.1.140-156
O. Drapikovskyi, Iryna Іvanova
The minimization of the property life cycle cost as a criterion for making a decision regarding the economic feasibility of purchasing or building a certain real estate object compared to other objects with functional utility today has become a mandatory requirement of most regulatory and legal acts in Ukraine. At the same time, the practical implementation of this requirement faces the problem of methodical provision of life cycle cost analysis from the standpoint of the uncertainty of these costs in the future and the need to take into account the time value of money. The application of valuation procedures based on cash flow discounting, proposed in this article, can contribute to the solution of this problem. Discounting cash flows will require the classification of life cycle costs not only by content load, but also by the time of their occurrence into initial and future costs, which in turn are divided into once-only, periodic and regular costs. Acceptable units of measurement of discounted cash flows can be net present costs, equivalent annual cost, net savings; savings to investments ratio, internal rate of return, discounted payback period, each of which corresponds to its own model and valuation criterion. To solve the problem of the uncertainty of future costs and to take into account the risk inherent in their forecasting, the methods of analyzing the sensitivity of the results to changes in the market situation are proposed and the justified feasibility of using stochastic discounted cash flows models is justified.
{"title":"PROPERTY LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS METODS","authors":"O. Drapikovskyi, Iryna Іvanova","doi":"10.32347/2786-7269.2022.1.140-156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2022.1.140-156","url":null,"abstract":"The minimization of the property life cycle cost as a criterion for making a decision regarding the economic feasibility of purchasing or building a certain real estate object compared to other objects with functional utility today has become a mandatory requirement of most regulatory and legal acts in Ukraine. \u0000At the same time, the practical implementation of this requirement faces the problem of methodical provision of life cycle cost analysis from the standpoint of the uncertainty of these costs in the future and the need to take into account the time value of money. \u0000The application of valuation procedures based on cash flow discounting, proposed in this article, can contribute to the solution of this problem. \u0000Discounting cash flows will require the classification of life cycle costs not only by content load, but also by the time of their occurrence into initial and future costs, which in turn are divided into once-only, periodic and regular costs. \u0000Acceptable units of measurement of discounted cash flows can be net present costs, equivalent annual cost, net savings; savings to investments ratio, internal rate of return, discounted payback period, each of which corresponds to its own model and valuation criterion. \u0000To solve the problem of the uncertainty of future costs and to take into account the risk inherent in their forecasting, the methods of analyzing the sensitivity of the results to changes in the market situation are proposed and the justified feasibility of using stochastic discounted cash flows models is justified. ","PeriodicalId":39927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Spatial Development","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75846213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.32347/2786-7269.2022.1.218-233
G. Ryzhakova, D. Prykhodko, V. Pokolenko, Nina Petrukha, I. Chupryna, O. Khomenko
The theoretical and methodological foundations of the construction of organizational and management tools for the administration of the operational activities of the enterprise are considered, the purpose and types of asset management are defined, and examples of the methodology for diagnosing the state of a construction enterprise in conditions of a financial crisis are given. The types of threats specific to construction enterprises have been determined. The formation of a system of effective measures to counteract possible negative effects and timely response to them is aimed at ensuring the maximum opportunities for realizing the economic interests of enterprises, as well as ensuring a sufficient level of their stability, in particular with regard to external threats. Timely response of construction industry enterprises to changes in the external environment, counteracting negative influence from the outside, development of effective tools should take into account a wide range of factors of the socio-economic development of the country, as well as industry and regional specifics, based on a certain sufficient level of technological maturity. It is substantiated that the theory of anticipatory economic development does not pretend to be universal, but, first of all, emphasizes the specific features of unique economic phenomena and processes of a breakthrough nature in the multidimensional space of socio-economic, political, general civilizational and other problematic factors of the economic development of states. It is proved that the theory and the model of anticipatory economic development offer, respectively, theoretical explanations and practical ways of adapting to the conditions of the functioning of countries in various competitive positions in the world economy, which are determined by distinct economic, technological and political advantages, as well as general civilizational prerequisites for their formation, in conditions of complication mechanisms of self-development of economic systems, expectations of a paradigmatic ontological and anthropological shift as a result of the convergence of technologies. The article describes the aspects of solving the current scientific and applied task of developing a formalized toolkit and practical recommendations for structuring, diagnosing the state, transformations and successful administration of assets of construction enterprises in accordance with the requirements of social - responsible management and the company's development trajectory.
{"title":"UPDATE OF SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF A MULTI-CRITERIAL SYSTEM OF ADMINISTRATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISESSTAKEHOLDERS OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS","authors":"G. Ryzhakova, D. Prykhodko, V. Pokolenko, Nina Petrukha, I. Chupryna, O. Khomenko","doi":"10.32347/2786-7269.2022.1.218-233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2022.1.218-233","url":null,"abstract":"The theoretical and methodological foundations of the construction of organizational and management tools for the administration of the operational activities of the enterprise are considered, the purpose and types of asset management are defined, and examples of the methodology for diagnosing the state of a construction enterprise in conditions of a financial crisis are given. The types of threats specific to construction enterprises have been determined. The formation of a system of effective measures to counteract possible negative effects and timely response to them is aimed at ensuring the maximum opportunities for realizing the economic interests of enterprises, as well as ensuring a sufficient level of their stability, in particular with regard to external threats. Timely response of construction industry enterprises to changes in the external environment, counteracting negative influence from the outside, development of effective tools should take into account a wide range of factors of the socio-economic development of the country, as well as industry and regional specifics, based on a certain sufficient level of technological maturity. It is substantiated that the theory of anticipatory economic development does not pretend to be universal, but, first of all, emphasizes the specific features of unique economic phenomena and processes of a breakthrough nature in the multidimensional space of socio-economic, political, general civilizational and other problematic factors of the economic development of states. It is proved that the theory and the model of anticipatory economic development offer, respectively, theoretical explanations and practical ways of adapting to the conditions of the functioning of countries in various competitive positions in the world economy, which are determined by distinct economic, technological and political advantages, as well as general civilizational prerequisites for their formation, in conditions of complication mechanisms of self-development of economic systems, expectations of a paradigmatic ontological and anthropological shift as a result of the convergence of technologies. The article describes the aspects of solving the current scientific and applied task of developing a formalized toolkit and practical recommendations for structuring, diagnosing the state, transformations and successful administration of assets of construction enterprises in accordance with the requirements of social - responsible management and the company's development trajectory. ","PeriodicalId":39927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Spatial Development","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83801288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.32347/2786-7269.2022.1.28-42
H. Osychenko, Olga Tyshkevich
In the 1960s, the theoretical concept of a megastructure - an extremely large structure - arose in architecture, which predicted the further development of architecture in practice. The concept of megastructure became more complicated and gained depth, combining progressive architectural concepts and theories of the second half of the 20th century ("open form", "indeterminacy", structuralism, architectural metabolism, etc.). But deepening the individual provisions of the concept introduced by F. Maki, one of the defining characteristics of a megastructure – its multifunctionality – did not receive further development among theorists of the middle of the 20th century. Also, in our opinion, it is important to emphasize that the excessive size of the building is accompanied by the extreme complexity of the project program and the construction of the architectural form. We traced the evolution of the concept, which began with the design of cities as a single structure, and spread to the design of buildings and the organization of city fragments. The border of the 20th and 21st centuries is filled with the practice of building super-large buildings and complexes, the construction of which requires enormous economic efforts of the country, the introduction of technical innovations and the attraction of particularly large investments. We practically witnessed the emergence of a new typology of buildings that combines architecture and urban planning, and for which in most cases the term F. Maki - megastructure is used. Architectural theory responds to the problem of super-large structures with the concepts of Groβform, Bigness architecture and megaform. Each of the concepts considered in the study offers its own strategy for solving the problem of gigantism (beyond the boundaries of classical architectural methods) - a megastructural approach (F. Maki), an approach based on a large-scale architectural theme (O. Ungers), a topographic approach (K. Frampton). All presented concepts combine the determination of the city-forming role of super-large buildings, their consideration as an effective means of solving the problems of the modern city.
{"title":"THE CONCEPT OF \"MEGASTRUCTURE\" IN MODERN ARCHITECTURE","authors":"H. Osychenko, Olga Tyshkevich","doi":"10.32347/2786-7269.2022.1.28-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2022.1.28-42","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1960s, the theoretical concept of a megastructure - an extremely large structure - arose in architecture, which predicted the further development of architecture in practice. The concept of megastructure became more complicated and gained depth, combining progressive architectural concepts and theories of the second half of the 20th century (\"open form\", \"indeterminacy\", structuralism, architectural metabolism, etc.). But deepening the individual provisions of the concept introduced by F. Maki, one of the defining characteristics of a megastructure – its multifunctionality – did not receive further development among theorists of the middle of the 20th century. Also, in our opinion, it is important to emphasize that the excessive size of the building is accompanied by the extreme complexity of the project program and the construction of the architectural form. \u0000We traced the evolution of the concept, which began with the design of cities as a single structure, and spread to the design of buildings and the organization of city fragments. \u0000The border of the 20th and 21st centuries is filled with the practice of building super-large buildings and complexes, the construction of which requires enormous economic efforts of the country, the introduction of technical innovations and the attraction of particularly large investments. We practically witnessed the emergence of a new typology of buildings that combines architecture and urban planning, and for which in most cases the term F. Maki - megastructure is used. \u0000Architectural theory responds to the problem of super-large structures with the concepts of Groβform, Bigness architecture and megaform. Each of the concepts considered in the study offers its own strategy for solving the problem of gigantism (beyond the boundaries of classical architectural methods) - a megastructural approach (F. Maki), an approach based on a large-scale architectural theme (O. Ungers), a topographic approach (K. Frampton). \u0000All presented concepts combine the determination of the city-forming role of super-large buildings, their consideration as an effective means of solving the problems of the modern city. ","PeriodicalId":39927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Spatial Development","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80428734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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