Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.4467/20833113pg.22.001.16131
J. Jóźwik, Dorota Dymek
Criteria for identifying cities/towns in the world Despite the fact that urban areas have existed for millennia, no single, universal, supranational, and fully accepted definition of a city/town has been developed to date. The aim of this article is to review the criteria for identifying cities/towns in the world and their spatial differentiation. 233 territorial entities that are sovereign states or territories belonging to other states were surveyed. The analysis was based on a query from a list provided by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Population Division, which contains the definitions of cities/towns adopted by individual countries or territories when collecting data in censuses. The research carried out shows that singleor multicriteria definitions, referring to quantitative or (and) qualitative elements from the group of legal-administrative, demographic, infrastructural-spatial, and functional criteria, are most often used to distinguish cities/towns from villages. More than half of the surveyed territorial entities use only one criterion mentioned, and this is usually a legal-administrative criterion or a demographic criterion. In the process of identifying cities/towns, just over two-fifths of the surveyed entities apply a minimum population threshold (as the only or one of many criteria), set most often at 2,000 or 5,000 inhabitants. East Africa is the most diverse region in the world in terms of the criteria adopted, while Central Asia, Australia, and New Zealand are the least. Zarys treści: Pomimo tego, że skupiska miejskie istnieją od tysiącleci, do dziś nie udało się wypracować jednej, powszechnej, uniwersalnej, ponadnarodowej i w pełni akceptowanej definicji miasta. Celem artykułu jest przegląd kryteriów identyfikacji miast na świecie i ich przestrzennego zróżnicowania. Badaniu poddano 233 jednostki będące suwerennymi państwami lub terytoriami przynależącymi do innych państw. Analiza została oparta na kwerendzie listy udostępnionej przez Wydział Ludności Departamentu Spraw Gospodarczych i Społecznych Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych, zawierającej definicje miast przyjmowane przez poszczególne państwa lub terytoria przy zbieraniu danych w spisach powszechnych. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że do odróżnienia miasta od wsi najczęściej wykorzystuje się jednokryterialne lub złożone definicje, odwołujące się do ilościowych lub (i) jakościowych elementów z grupy kryteriów prawno-administracyjnych, demograficznych, infrastrukturalno- -przestrzennych i funkcjonalnych. Ponad połowa badanych jednostek wykorzystuje tylko jedno wymienione kryterium, przy czym jest to zwykle kryterium prawno-administracyjne lub kryterium demograficzne. W procesie identyfikacji skupisk miejskich nieco ponad dwie piąte badanych jednostek stosuje minimalny próg ludnościowy (jako jedyne lub jedno z wielu kryteriów), ustalony najczęściej na poziomie 2000 lub 5000 mieszkańców. Najbardziej zróżnicowanym regionem na świecie p
尽管城市地区已经存在了几千年，但迄今为止还没有一个单一的、普遍的、超国家的、完全被接受的城市/城镇的定义。本文的目的是回顾世界上城市/城镇的识别标准及其空间分异。233个领土实体是主权国家或属于其他国家的领土。这项分析是根据对联合国人口司经济和社会事务部提供的一份清单的查询作出的，其中载有个别国家或领土在收集人口普查数据时所采用的城市/城镇的定义。所进行的研究表明，单一或多标准定义，指的是法律-行政、人口、基础设施-空间和功能标准组中的数量或(和)质量因素，最常用于区分城市/城镇与村庄。一半以上的被调查领土实体只使用上述一项标准，这通常是法律-行政标准或人口标准。在确定城市/城镇的过程中，略多于五分之二的被调查实体采用最低人口门槛(作为唯一标准或众多标准之一)，通常设定为2,000或5,000居民。就所采用的标准而言，东非是世界上最多样化的地区，而中亚、澳大利亚和新西兰则最少。Zarys treści: Pomimo tego， że skupiska miejskie istniejood tysiącleci, do dzizniie udało siowypracowaki jednej, powszechnej, uniwersalnej, ponadnarodowej iw pełni akceptowanej definicji miasta。Celem artykułu jest przegląd kryteriów identyfikacji miast na świecie i ich przestrzennego zróżnicowania。Badaniu poddano 233耶德诺斯基będące suwerenymi państwami俱乐部领土przynależącymi做innych państw。analyiza została oparta na kwerendzie listy udostępnionej przez wydziazy Ludności departmenentu Spraw gospodarzyzych i Społecznych Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych, zawierającej definicje miast przyjmowane przez poszczególne państwa lub terytoria przy zbieraniu danych w spisach powszechnich。Z przeprowadzonych badajanalnika， że do odróżnienia miasta od wsi najczęściej wykorzystuje siednokryterialne lub złożone definicje, odwołujące sizedo ilościowych lub (i) jakościowych elementów Z grupy kryteriów prawno-administracyjnych, demograficznych, infrastructure alno- -przestrzennych i funkcjonalnych。Ponad połowa badanych jednostek wykorzystuje tylko jedno wymienione krterium, przy czym jest to zwykle krterium prawn -administracyjne lub krterium demograficzne。W工艺鉴定:jako jedyne lub jednoz wielu piąte (jako jedyne lub jednoz wielu kryteriów)， ustalony najczęściej (jako jedyne lub jednoz wielu 2000卢布5000 mieszkańców)。Najbardziej zróżnicowanym regionem na świecie pod względem przyjmowanych kryteriów jest Afryka Wschodnia, najmniej zajazja Środkowa oraz澳大利亚和现在的新西兰。
{"title":"Kryteria identyfikacji miast na świecie","authors":"J. Jóźwik, Dorota Dymek","doi":"10.4467/20833113pg.22.001.16131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/20833113pg.22.001.16131","url":null,"abstract":"Criteria for identifying cities/towns in the world\u0000\u0000Despite the fact that urban areas have existed for millennia, no single, universal, supranational, and fully accepted definition of a city/town has been developed to date. The aim of this article is to review the criteria for identifying cities/towns in the world and their spatial differentiation. 233 territorial entities that are sovereign states or territories belonging to other states were surveyed. The analysis was based on a query from a list provided by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Population Division, which contains the definitions of cities/towns adopted by individual countries or territories when collecting data in censuses. The research carried out shows that singleor multicriteria definitions, referring to quantitative or (and) qualitative elements from the group of legal-administrative, demographic, infrastructural-spatial, and functional criteria, are most often used to distinguish cities/towns from villages. More than half of the surveyed territorial entities use only one criterion mentioned, and this is usually a legal-administrative criterion or a demographic criterion. In the process of identifying cities/towns, just over two-fifths of the surveyed entities apply a minimum population threshold (as the only or one of many criteria), set most often at 2,000 or 5,000 inhabitants. East Africa is the most diverse region in the world in terms of the criteria adopted, while Central Asia, Australia, and New Zealand are the least.\u0000\u0000Zarys treści: Pomimo tego, że skupiska miejskie istnieją od tysiącleci, do dziś nie udało się wypracować jednej, powszechnej, uniwersalnej, ponadnarodowej i w pełni akceptowanej definicji miasta. Celem artykułu jest przegląd kryteriów identyfikacji miast na świecie i ich przestrzennego zróżnicowania. Badaniu poddano 233 jednostki będące suwerennymi państwami lub terytoriami przynależącymi do innych państw. Analiza została oparta na kwerendzie listy udostępnionej przez Wydział Ludności Departamentu Spraw Gospodarczych i Społecznych Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych, zawierającej definicje miast przyjmowane przez poszczególne państwa lub terytoria przy zbieraniu danych w spisach powszechnych. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że do odróżnienia miasta od wsi najczęściej wykorzystuje się jednokryterialne lub złożone definicje, odwołujące się do ilościowych lub (i) jakościowych elementów z grupy kryteriów prawno-administracyjnych, demograficznych, infrastrukturalno- -przestrzennych i funkcjonalnych. Ponad połowa badanych jednostek wykorzystuje tylko jedno wymienione kryterium, przy czym jest to zwykle kryterium prawno-administracyjne lub kryterium demograficzne. W procesie identyfikacji skupisk miejskich nieco ponad dwie piąte badanych jednostek stosuje minimalny próg ludnościowy (jako jedyne lub jedno z wielu kryteriów), ustalony najczęściej na poziomie 2000 lub 5000 mieszkańców. Najbardziej zróżnicowanym regionem na świecie p","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77734735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.4467/20833113pg.22.003.16133
T. Kępski
Samburu’s view on conservancies in the perspective of the benefits and losses The article discusses the issue of attitudes of the Samburu ethnic group towards ’conservancies’ as the form of nature protection. The exploratory interviews (n = 12) were conducted among representatives of the Samburu community in northern Kenya. The aim of the research was to identify how Samburu perceive conservancies, considering current and expected consequences resulting from the development of this conservation form. The results show that the members of the Samburu community recognize the value of conservancies mainly through the economic benefits (gainful employment), as well as nature protection which is consistent with their religious values system (animism). However, the development of conservancies implying regulated access to natural resources (pasturelands) is seen as the real threat to their traditional pastoral culture. The attitudes of the local communities manifest a lack of trust in the management entities of the conservancies in the context of growing tensions between tribes over access to pasturelands. Consequently, prolonged droughts (climate change) may lead to a radical decrease in support for the idea of nature protection among members of the Samburu tribal elders. Zarys treści: Artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie postaw przedstawicieli grupy etnicznej Samburu wobec obszarowej formy ochrony przyrody w postaci conservancy. Przeprowadzono n = 12 wywiadów eksploracyjnych z przedstawicielami tejże społeczności w północnej Kenii. Celem badań było rozpoznanie sposobu, w jaki ludność Samburu postrzega conservancies, biorąc pod uwagę rzeczywiste i oczekiwane konsekwencje wynikające z rozwoju tej formy ochronnej. Rezultaty badań wskazują, że społeczność Samburu dostrzega wartość conservancies głównie przez pryzmat korzyści ekonomicznych (praca zarobkowa), a także ochrony przyrody, która jest zgodna z ich systemem wartości religijnych (animizm). Rozwój conservancies i związana z tym regulacja w dostępie do zasobów przyrody (pastwiska) są jednak postrzegane jako realne zagrożenia dla ich kultury pasterskiej. Nadto postawy lokalnych społeczności są nacechowane brakiem zaufania do podmiotów zarządzających conservancies, co w kontekście narastających napięć pomiędzy plemionami pasterskimi wokół dostępu do pastwisk, m.in. za sprawą przedłużających się susz (zmiany klimatyczne), może doprowadzić do radykalnego obniżenia poparcia dla idei ochrony przyrody wśród członków starszyzny plemiennej Samburu.
从利益与损失的角度看桑布鲁族的保护观本文探讨了桑布鲁族对“保护”作为自然保护形式的态度问题。探索性访谈(n = 12)在肯尼亚北部桑布鲁社区的代表中进行。这项研究的目的是确定Samburu如何看待保护，考虑到这种保护形式的发展所带来的当前和预期的后果。结果表明，Samburu社区成员主要通过经济利益(有酬就业)以及与其宗教价值体系(万物有灵论)一致的自然保护来认识保护区的价值。然而，保护区的发展意味着对自然资源(牧场)的管制，这被视为对他们传统牧区文化的真正威胁。当地社区的态度表明，在部落之间因进入牧场而日益紧张的背景下，对保护区的管理实体缺乏信任。因此，长期干旱(气候变化)可能导致桑布鲁部落长老成员对自然保护理念的支持急剧减少。Zarys treści: artykuowpodejmuje zagadnienie post - preszstawiciicii grupy etnicznej Samburu在我的postaci - conservancy的同步przyrody中成为了obszarowej。Przeprowadzono n = 12 wywiadów eksploracyjnych z przestawicielami tejże społeczności w północnej Kenii。Celem badawa było rozpoznanie sposobu, w jaki ludność Samburu poststrzega conservconserves, biorąc pod uwagozeczywiste i ozekiwane konsekwencje wynikające z rozwoju tej formy ochronnej。rezultybadawa wskazujje， że społeczność Samburu dostrzega wartość conservises głównie przez pryzmat korzyści economicznych (praca zarobkova)， a także chronony przyrody, która jest zgodna z ich systemem wartości religijnych (animm)。Rozwój conservancei związana z tym regulacja w dostępie do zasobów przyrody (pastwiska) szojednak postrzegane jako realne zagrożenia dla ich culture pasterskiej。Nadto postaway lokalnych społeczności sweeachecwane brakiem zaufania do podmiotów zarządzających conservconservies, co w kontekście narastających napięć pomiędzy plemionami pastskimi wokół dostępu do pastwisk, m.m。za sprawze przedłużających sizysusz (zmiany klimatyczne)， może doprowadziki do radykalnego obniżenia poparcia dla idei ochrony przyrody wśród członków starszyzny plemiennej Samburu。
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Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-01
M. Długosz
Despite the commonly observed suburbanization, there are cities in Poland with a positive migration balance. One of them is Wrocław, which is the most important migration center in south-western Poland. The following study raises the issue of migratory inflow to this city, by characterizing the source areas and people settling there for permanent residence between 2002 and 2018. The main research method used in the study is the analysis of statistical data, whose primary source was the statistical material available in the Demography database. In the course of analysis, it was noted that the immigrant population is dominated by young people, coming both from municipalities located close to Wrocław, as well as significantly distant from it, which indicates the heterogeneity and lack of territorial continuity of the immigration field.
{"title":"Napływ migracyjny w dobie dekoncentracji zaludnienia","authors":"M. Długosz","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-01","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the commonly observed suburbanization, there are cities in Poland with a positive migration balance. One of them is Wrocław, which is the most important migration center in south-western Poland. The following study raises the issue of migratory inflow to this city, by characterizing the source areas and people settling there for permanent residence between 2002 and 2018. The main research method used in the study is the analysis of statistical data, whose primary source was the statistical material available in the Demography database. In the course of analysis, it was noted that the immigrant population is dominated by young people, coming both from municipalities located close to Wrocław, as well as significantly distant from it, which indicates the heterogeneity and lack of territorial continuity of the immigration field.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78519095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-05
W. Dziemianowicz, J. Goliński, J. Szlachta
The article deals with the issue of economic dualism in the context of territorial development and is a review of the literature on this subject. The aim of the review article was to systematize the concepts related to the issues of economic dualism and megatrends in the context of their coexistence. An attempt was made to respond to the relationship between dualisms and megatrends occurring in the socio-economic system.
{"title":"Dualizm ekonomiczny i megatrendy – przyczynek do dyskusji o rozwoju terytorialnym","authors":"W. Dziemianowicz, J. Goliński, J. Szlachta","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-05","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the issue of economic dualism in the context of territorial development and is a review of the literature on this subject. The aim of the review article was to systematize the concepts related to the issues of economic dualism and megatrends in the context of their coexistence. An attempt was made to respond to the relationship between dualisms and megatrends occurring in the socio-economic system.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85723711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.48128/pisg/2021-67.1-08
D. Mantey
The consequences of climate change have shifted the approach to the rainwater discharge. New legal regulations, which force the inhabitants to change their behavior and impose additional financial burdens on them, have become an opportunity to revise the existing social attitudes towards the management of rain- and meltwater in suburban settlements. The aim of the article is to identify attitudes towards small retention in the context of changes in water law (both introduced and planned) among the inhabitants of three types of suburban areas in the Piaseczno municipality near Warsaw. The study verifies the hypothesis according to which the attitudes towards small retention differ depending on the type of built environment. It also answers the question of whether the type of suburban areas should differentiate the actions of local authorities aimed at rationalizing rainwater management. The article presents the results of a survey and interviews conducted among those residents of the municipality who have the option of using small retention on their own plot. Contrary to urban villages, residents of suburban areas with more dispersed housing and less paved surface are more open to the use of more effective small retention devices, in order to reduce the costs associated with the use of water and/or sewage, and pay a lower rain tax after its possible introduction. At the same time, they feel much more obliged to manage rainwater on their own property, without transferring full responsibility to the municipalityincluding the costs associated with it. On the other hand, the municipality is expected to adjust its intervention and subsidies to the specificity of individual settlements.
{"title":"Zmiany w podejściu do gospodarowania wodą opadową i roztopową w strefie podmiejskiej z perspektywy mieszkańców","authors":"D. Mantey","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2021-67.1-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2021-67.1-08","url":null,"abstract":"The consequences of climate change have shifted the approach to the rainwater discharge. New legal regulations, which force the inhabitants to change their behavior and impose additional financial burdens on them, have become an opportunity to revise the existing social attitudes towards the management of rain- and meltwater in suburban settlements. The aim of the article is to identify attitudes towards small retention in the context of changes in water law (both introduced and planned) among the inhabitants of three types of suburban areas in the Piaseczno municipality near Warsaw. The study verifies the hypothesis according to which the attitudes towards small retention differ depending on the type of built environment. It also answers the question of whether the type of suburban areas should differentiate the actions of local authorities aimed at rationalizing rainwater management. The article presents the results of a survey and interviews conducted among those residents of the municipality who have the option of using small retention on their own plot. Contrary to urban villages, residents of suburban areas with more dispersed housing and less paved surface are more open to the use of more effective small retention devices, in order to reduce the costs associated with the use of water and/or sewage, and pay a lower rain tax after its possible introduction. At the same time, they feel much more obliged to manage rainwater on their own property, without transferring full responsibility to the municipalityincluding the costs associated with it. On the other hand, the municipality is expected to adjust its intervention and subsidies to the specificity of individual settlements.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89102611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-06
Marta Raczyńska-Kruk
The aim of the article is to reconstruct the ‘lived space’ of emigrants from the Kingdom of Poland to Brazil and the United States during the journey between home and the European port in the years 1890–1891. The sources were letters found by Witold Kula, compiled and published for the first time in the 1970s in the book Listy emigrantów z Brazylii i Stanów Zjednoczonych 1890–1891 (1973). The article contains an anthropological interpretation of the changing and meaningful relationship between migrants and space, and an indication of stages of the journey as elements of migrants’ geobiographies on the basis of letters from the road.
这篇文章的目的是重建1890-1891年间从波兰王国到巴西和美国的移民在家乡和欧洲港口之间的旅程中的“生活空间”。资料来源是Witold Kula发现的信件，这些信件于20世纪70年代首次汇编并出版在《Listy emigrantów z Brazylii i Stanów Zjednoczonych 1890-1891》(1973)一书中。这篇文章包含了对移民与空间之间变化和有意义的关系的人类学解释，并根据路上的信件作为移民地理传记的元素，指出了旅途的各个阶段。
{"title":"Między domem a „wielką wodą”. Rekonstrukcja przestrzeni przeżywanej w oparciu o Listy z drogi emigrantów z Królestwa Polskiego do Brazylii i Stanów Zjednoczonych 1890–1891","authors":"Marta Raczyńska-Kruk","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-06","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to reconstruct the ‘lived space’ of emigrants from the Kingdom of Poland to Brazil and the United States during the journey between home and the European port in the years 1890–1891. The sources were letters found by Witold Kula, compiled and published for the first time in the 1970s in the book Listy emigrantów z Brazylii i Stanów Zjednoczonych 1890–1891 (1973). The article contains an anthropological interpretation of the changing and meaningful relationship between migrants and space, and an indication of stages of the journey as elements of migrants’ geobiographies on the basis of letters from the road.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86425061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-09
P. Wacławczyk, D. Piątek, Maciej Siwka, M. Bryndza, Agata Gołąb, Joanna Hałys, Klaudia Jagi, Ewa Kalisz, Patrycja Wójtowicz
Magura National Park, located in Beskid Niski Mountains, is poorly researched in the field of hydrology. The aim of this study is to recognize the water cycle patterns in Krempna stream catchment (located in Magura NP). To reach this goal, hydrological mapping was taken. 173 (9,9/square kilometer) water outflows in catchment were surveyed; mean spring water temperature was 13,8°C (ranging from 8 to 19°C) and mean SEC was 345 µS×cm−1 (ranging from 70 to 1000 µS×cm−1). The results, compared with existing studies, indicate low water resources and a rapid transformation of rainfall into runoff in the studied catchment.
{"title":"Warunki obiegu wody w zlewni Krempnej w Beskidzie Niskim","authors":"P. Wacławczyk, D. Piątek, Maciej Siwka, M. Bryndza, Agata Gołąb, Joanna Hałys, Klaudia Jagi, Ewa Kalisz, Patrycja Wójtowicz","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-09","url":null,"abstract":"Magura National Park, located in Beskid Niski Mountains, is poorly researched in the field of hydrology. The aim of this study is to recognize the water cycle patterns in Krempna stream catchment (located in Magura NP). To reach this goal, hydrological mapping was taken. 173 (9,9/square kilometer) water outflows in catchment were surveyed; mean spring water temperature was 13,8°C (ranging from 8 to 19°C) and mean SEC was 345 µS×cm−1 (ranging from 70 to 1000 µS×cm−1). The results, compared with existing studies, indicate low water resources and a rapid transformation of rainfall into runoff in the studied catchment.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79466477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-03
J. Szymala, Andrei Rogatchevski
We propose to look at the 1950s–60s Polish documentaries about Svalbard through the prism of visual geography. We analyse the films by Włodzimierz Puchalski and Jarosław Brzozowski. Svalbard’s landscape appears as a character in these films. The films have not been considered from a geographical viewpoint before, and some of them have not yet been studied at all.
{"title":"Svalbard w filmach polskich z lat 50. i 60. XX w. Perspektywa geografii wizualnej","authors":"J. Szymala, Andrei Rogatchevski","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-03","url":null,"abstract":"We propose to look at the 1950s–60s Polish documentaries about Svalbard through the prism of visual geography. We analyse the films by Włodzimierz Puchalski and Jarosław Brzozowski. Svalbard’s landscape appears as a character in these films. The films have not been considered from a geographical viewpoint before, and some of them have not yet been studied at all.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74216148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-07
K. O. Ahmed, S. Aziz, Peshang Hama Karim, Twana Ahmed Hussein, Shazada Omer Najmalddin
Environmental problems can be the public’s concern, and they also feel the ratio of dangerousness. Consequently, collecting their opinions and trying to get to know the way of their thinking regarding their environmental problem and solving them was an attractive case study for the authors of this article. In this research, the authors found the public’s opinion and attitude regarding environmental situations and issues in Kurdistan Region-Iraq throughout a public questionnaire/survey. Around 450 people randomly participated from various geographical locations/cities of the region proportioned to the population rate regarding different demography, gender, age, and academic background. The statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program was used to analyze their opinion. Also, the cross-tabulation method was used to understand the relationship between two or more variables. Gender, age, and educational background had effects on the participants’ attitudes toward environmental issues. Females, aged from 20 to 30, and Ph.D. degree holders were paying more attention to the environment. Geographically, the participation ratio for the Sulaimani, Erbil, Duhok, Halabja, and Kirkuk Provinces was 28.48 %, 21.95 %, 17.61%, 16.69%, and 15.00 %, respectively. High and low participation levels of the contributors are a reflection of the environmental awareness of the contributors, providing environmentalfacilities for the people, background, and culture of the community, and stability of political, economical, and social issues of the areas. Furthermore, COVID-19 affected the environment, and commonly it had a positive impact on the environment.
{"title":"Contemporary trends toward environmental issues in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq","authors":"K. O. Ahmed, S. Aziz, Peshang Hama Karim, Twana Ahmed Hussein, Shazada Omer Najmalddin","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-07","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental problems can be the public’s concern, and they also feel the ratio of dangerousness. Consequently, collecting their opinions and trying to get to know the way of their thinking regarding their environmental problem and solving them was an attractive case study for the authors of this article. In this research, the authors found the public’s opinion and attitude regarding environmental situations and issues in Kurdistan Region-Iraq throughout a public questionnaire/survey. Around 450 people randomly participated from various geographical locations/cities of the region proportioned to the population rate regarding different demography, gender, age, and academic background. The statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program was used to analyze their opinion. Also, the cross-tabulation method was used to understand the relationship between two or more variables. Gender, age, and educational background had effects on the participants’ attitudes toward environmental issues. Females, aged from 20 to 30, and Ph.D. degree holders were paying more attention to the environment. Geographically, the participation ratio for the Sulaimani, Erbil, Duhok, Halabja, and Kirkuk Provinces was 28.48 %, 21.95 %, 17.61%, 16.69%, and 15.00 %, respectively. High and low participation levels of the contributors are a reflection of the environmental awareness of the contributors, providing environmentalfacilities for the people, background, and culture of the community, and stability of political, economical, and social issues of the areas. Furthermore, COVID-19 affected the environment, and commonly it had a positive impact on the environment.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86353766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-02
K. Górny, A. Górna, J. Szczepański, Aleksandra Sienica
The article addresses the topic of street names in 10 Polish small cities, examined from the perspective of critical geography, and geography of social justice in particular – two disciplines that have so far been underrepresented in Polish geography. The studied hodonyms were analysed in the context of gender disproportions in streets named after individuals. In all towns, the toponymic landscape is dominated by male names, whose advantage over female names is significant, which confirms the thesis about naming patriarchy in Polish cities. Arguments for the urgent need to introduce changes in the current toponymic landscape were also presented in the text, along with the proposal of two new terms referring to the geographical names commemorating women – feminonyms and men – masculinonyms.
{"title":"Patriarchat nazewniczy – zmaskulinizowany krajobraz symboliczny polskich mniejszych miast","authors":"K. Górny, A. Górna, J. Szczepański, Aleksandra Sienica","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-02","url":null,"abstract":"The article addresses the topic of street names in 10 Polish small cities, examined from the perspective of critical geography, and geography of social justice in particular – two disciplines that have so far been underrepresented in Polish geography. The studied hodonyms were analysed in the context of gender disproportions in streets named after individuals. In all towns, the toponymic landscape is dominated by male names, whose advantage over female names is significant, which confirms the thesis about naming patriarchy in Polish cities. Arguments for the urgent need to introduce changes in the current toponymic landscape were also presented in the text, along with the proposal of two new terms referring to the geographical names commemorating women – feminonyms and men – masculinonyms.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85990983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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