Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-07
Magdalena Wakuła, Maksym Łaszewski
An attempt was made to evaluate the process of lake disappearance over the years 1886-2019 in the Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District. The analysis were based on archival cartographic materials (WIG maps published in 1936 and maps in the PUWG 1965 system) and on vector map based on BDOT10k. It was determined that over a period of 133 years, the surface area of selected natural water reservoirs was reduced by 10,26%. Changes have been influenced by many factors: the building of the Wieprz-Krzna canal and the drainage system connected with it, agricultural land use, rapid development of tourism and coal mining. Results presented in this paper show that the greatest risk of decreasing of lake area concerns reservoirs of small size (<50 ha) due to their more limited ability to self-purificate and lower resistance to degradation. A greater change was observed in the case of lakes located in the Poleski National Park and its buffer zone (-16,51%) than in the case of other studied water reservoirs (-8,91%).
{"title":"Zmiany powierzchni wybranych jezior Pojezierza Łęczyńsko-Włodawskiego","authors":"Magdalena Wakuła, Maksym Łaszewski","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-07","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt was made to evaluate the process of lake disappearance over the years 1886-2019 in the Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District. The analysis were based on archival cartographic materials (WIG maps published in 1936 and maps in the PUWG 1965 system) and on vector map based on BDOT10k. It was determined that over a period of 133 years, the surface area of selected natural water reservoirs was reduced by 10,26%. Changes have been influenced by many factors: the building of the Wieprz-Krzna canal and the drainage system connected with it, agricultural land use, rapid development of tourism and coal mining. Results presented in this paper show that the greatest risk of decreasing of lake area concerns reservoirs of small size (<50 ha) due to their more limited ability to self-purificate and lower resistance to degradation. A greater change was observed in the case of lakes located in the Poleski National Park and its buffer zone (-16,51%) than in the case of other studied water reservoirs (-8,91%).","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88042785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-03
A. Richling
Planning physiography deals with the assessment of the natural environment for the purposes of spatial planning. Its origins date back to the 1930s. The article discusses the most important works in this field and indicates their contractors. The methodical and organizational development of the discussed discipline is also presented.
{"title":"O rozwoju fizjografii planistycznej raz jeszcze","authors":"A. Richling","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-03","url":null,"abstract":"Planning physiography deals with the assessment of the natural environment for the purposes of spatial planning. Its origins date back to the 1930s. The article discusses the most important works in this field and indicates their contractors. The methodical and organizational development of the discussed discipline is also presented.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79793921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-04
A. Marsz, A. Styszyńska
The work discusses the course of the annual air temperature over Poland in the years 1951–2018, stating in it a sudden change of the regime that took place in 1987–1989. In the period 1951–1988 and 1931–1988 the annual temperature trend was zero, and the warming did not start until 1988, with the change of the temperature regime. The reason for the change in the thermal regime was an equally radical change in the macrocirculation conditions that took place as a result of the change in the phase of the thermohaline circulation in the North Atlantic. Explanation of the sequence of processes, which led to the increase in temperature, indicates that they are the result of the internal dynamics of the climate system and not a consequence of the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
{"title":"Proces ocieplenia w Polsce – przebieg i przyczyny (1951–2018). Przejaw wewnętrznej dynamiki systemu klimatycznego czy proces antropogeniczny?","authors":"A. Marsz, A. Styszyńska","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-04","url":null,"abstract":"The work discusses the course of the annual air temperature over Poland in the years 1951–2018, stating in it a sudden change of the regime that took place in 1987–1989. In the period 1951–1988 and 1931–1988 the annual temperature trend was zero, and the warming did not start until 1988, with the change of the temperature regime. The reason for the change in the thermal regime was an equally radical change in the macrocirculation conditions that took place as a result of the change in the phase of the thermohaline circulation in the North Atlantic. Explanation of the sequence of processes, which led to the increase in temperature, indicates that they are the result of the internal dynamics of the climate system and not a consequence of the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73287068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-05
Elżbieta Dutka
O lice ziemi (For the Face of the Earth) – the collection of writings by Jan Gwalbert Pawlikowski, published in 1938, is interesting not only for historical reasons and as a reference point for contemporary ecological movements. A hybrid work (in which the subject of the Tatra Mountains occupies an important place) also encourages literary research using the tools suggested by geopoetics. The article analyses how mountains are presented in this volume, focusing on the relationship between geographic space and literature. The precursor of ecology, characterising the Tatra Mountains, draws attention to “space, light, silence”. The “holy trinity” taken from the poems by Kazimierz Tetmajer suggests an open mountain space. At the same time, Pawlikowski writes about the peaks as a home, the closest surroundings, giving them the features of a tamed place. On the other hand, he strongly valorises the limitation of mountain space as a result of modernisation processes negatively. The “beautification” and unrestricted access to the Tatra Mountains related to the development of tourism and skiing raised his objection. The effect is the literal transformation of the mountains into a “playground” and the reduction of symbolic meanings, reducing the peaks to a “pile of stones”. Paradoxically, however, closing the mountain space also turns out to be a necessity. The necessary restrictions are related to the idea of creating a national park in the Tatra Mountains, for which Pawlikowski fought. Numerous antinomies, contrasts and paradoxes dynamise the texture of the mountains in O lice ziemi and encourage a holistic view of the Tatras as a cultural landscape.
{"title":"Tatry – bezkresne i zamieszkiwane, niszczone i chronione. O antynomiach przestrzeni górskiej w pismach Jana Gwalberta Pawlikowskiego","authors":"Elżbieta Dutka","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-05","url":null,"abstract":"O lice ziemi (For the Face of the Earth) – the collection of writings by Jan Gwalbert Pawlikowski, published in 1938, is interesting not only for historical reasons and as a reference point for contemporary ecological movements. A hybrid work (in which the subject of the Tatra Mountains occupies an important place) also encourages literary research using the tools suggested by geopoetics. The article analyses how mountains are presented in this volume, focusing on the relationship between geographic space and literature. The precursor of ecology, characterising the Tatra Mountains, draws attention to “space, light, silence”. The “holy trinity” taken from the poems by Kazimierz Tetmajer suggests an open mountain space. At the same time, Pawlikowski writes about the peaks as a home, the closest surroundings, giving them the features of a tamed place. On the other hand, he strongly valorises the limitation of mountain space as a result of modernisation processes negatively. The “beautification” and unrestricted access to the Tatra Mountains related to the development of tourism and skiing raised his objection. The effect is the literal transformation of the mountains into a “playground” and the reduction of symbolic meanings, reducing the peaks to a “pile of stones”. Paradoxically, however, closing the mountain space also turns out to be a necessity. The necessary restrictions are related to the idea of creating a national park in the Tatra Mountains, for which Pawlikowski fought. Numerous antinomies, contrasts and paradoxes dynamise the texture of the mountains in O lice ziemi and encourage a holistic view of the Tatras as a cultural landscape.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84238428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-08
S. Bernat
This article deals with the geography of music as a research sub-area of cultural/human geography. Its purpose is to recognize the relationship of organs and space. Based on databases, publications and websites, it presents examples of the occurrence of organs in the landscape. Reference was also made to the phenomenon of experiencing pipe organ, including in virtual space. Finally, attention was drawn to the need to protect the organ as an element of space, and research perspectives on the topic were indicated. The research was qualitative and based mainly on a phenomenological approach. The analysis of the relationship between space and the organ made it possible to see the unique values of the instrument, which is an important part of world heritage and requires protection and activities aimed at popularization in society.
{"title":"Organy w przestrzeni. Rozważania z zakresu geografii muzyki","authors":"S. Bernat","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-08","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the geography of music as a research sub-area of cultural/human geography. Its purpose is to recognize the relationship of organs and space. Based on databases, publications and websites, it presents examples of the occurrence of organs in the landscape. Reference was also made to the phenomenon of experiencing pipe organ, including in virtual space. Finally, attention was drawn to the need to protect the organ as an element of space, and research perspectives on the topic were indicated. The research was qualitative and based mainly on a phenomenological approach. The analysis of the relationship between space and the organ made it possible to see the unique values of the instrument, which is an important part of world heritage and requires protection and activities aimed at popularization in society.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81066124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-06
M. Cybulska, W. Dziemianowicz, J. Łukomska
The research topic discussed in the article concerns the issues of territorial differentiation in the context of the wealth-poverty development dualism. The authors looked for factors that could influence the anchoring of municipalities in poverty, thus attempting to develop the current scientific discourse on the causes of long-term territorial differences. The presented data analysis focuses on the years 1995–2018 and includes units that in 1995 and 2018 were among the poorest municipalities in Poland, as well as those that managed to “get out of poverty”. Comparing the groups of municipalities, an attempt was made to assess the impact of internal resources as well as external conditions on the level of wealth. The methods of statistical analysis were used in the work: non-parametric statistical tests and panel regression. Comparing the results obtained in different groups of municipalities, it should be stated that the population potential, the level of entrepreneurship and the potential of the labor market are factors that have a limited impact on the explanation of the low level of affluence. The diversified influence of external factors related to key events in Poland and in the world was also shown.
{"title":"Kotwice biedy – w poszukiwaniu czynników decydujących o niskiej zamożności gmin","authors":"M. Cybulska, W. Dziemianowicz, J. Łukomska","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-06","url":null,"abstract":"The research topic discussed in the article concerns the issues of territorial differentiation in the context of the wealth-poverty development dualism. The authors looked for factors that could influence the anchoring of municipalities in poverty, thus attempting to develop the current scientific discourse on the causes of long-term territorial differences. The presented data analysis focuses on the years 1995–2018 and includes units that in 1995 and 2018 were among the poorest municipalities in Poland, as well as those that managed to “get out of poverty”. Comparing the groups of municipalities, an attempt was made to assess the impact of internal resources as well as external conditions on the level of wealth. The methods of statistical analysis were used in the work: non-parametric statistical tests and panel regression. Comparing the results obtained in different groups of municipalities, it should be stated that the population potential, the level of entrepreneurship and the potential of the labor market are factors that have a limited impact on the explanation of the low level of affluence. The diversified influence of external factors related to key events in Poland and in the world was also shown.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87428481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-01
Grzegorz Masik
The aim of the article is to identify the concepts of development concerning the functioning of socio-ecological systems that share common elements with the concept of resilience. The second aim is to identify critical remarks relating to the concept of resilience, which are seldom raised by researchers and practitioners. The above goals were achieved on the basis of a query of mainly international literature relating to the concept of resilience of socio-ecological systems. The results of the research indicate that in the literature dealing with the issue of resilience, links with the concept of vulnerability and sustainable development are relatively often indicated. Critical comments relate to understanding resilience as an objective feature independent of the adopted axiology, understanding resilience in a purely positive context, and understanding resilience as the ability to withstand negative shocks rather than the ability to constantly adapt.
{"title":"Koncepcja odporności systemów społeczno-ekologicznych wobec innych aktualnych koncepcji rozwoju oraz uwagi krytyczne","authors":"Grzegorz Masik","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-01","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to identify the concepts of development concerning the functioning of socio-ecological systems that share common elements with the concept of resilience. The second aim is to identify critical remarks relating to the concept of resilience, which are seldom raised by researchers and practitioners. The above goals were achieved on the basis of a query of mainly international literature relating to the concept of resilience of socio-ecological systems. The results of the research indicate that in the literature dealing with the issue of resilience, links with the concept of vulnerability and sustainable development are relatively often indicated. Critical comments relate to understanding resilience as an objective feature independent of the adopted axiology, understanding resilience in a purely positive context, and understanding resilience as the ability to withstand negative shocks rather than the ability to constantly adapt.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89722565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-02
W. Korbel
The building line designated in local land development plan is one of the important instruments for shaping urban space and the creation of spatial order. The aim of the study is to analyze the potential and real influence of this instrument on the formation of the compositional values of space. The analysis covered land development plans of the 3 largest cities in Lesser Poland. The analysis included the methods of defining the building lines and determining their course, including in relation to the rules of property division established by the plan. The results of the study illustrate the immense liberalism in the use of the analyzed instrument and marginalization of its importance in shaping urban space. The study also indicates the need for remedial actions and attempts to indicate them.
{"title":"Duży problem z cienką linią – linia zabudowy w planach zagospodarowania przestrzennego największych miast Małopolski","authors":"W. Korbel","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.2-02","url":null,"abstract":"The building line designated in local land development plan is one of the important instruments for shaping urban space and the creation of spatial order. The aim of the study is to analyze the potential and real influence of this instrument on the formation of the compositional values of space. The analysis covered land development plans of the 3 largest cities in Lesser Poland. The analysis included the methods of defining the building lines and determining their course, including in relation to the rules of property division established by the plan. The results of the study illustrate the immense liberalism in the use of the analyzed instrument and marginalization of its importance in shaping urban space. The study also indicates the need for remedial actions and attempts to indicate them.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76470149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.4467/20833113pg.22.002.16132
K. Pietruczuk, Joanna Chmist-Sikorska
The mass mortality of mussels in the Rusałka reservoir The phenomenon of mass death of mussels in the Rusałka reservoir in Poznań took place in July 2018. As a result of this incident, the Unionidae population has been depleted. The number of dead mussels was counted, which floated around the banks and in the water. A total of approximately 5,500 deaths were found. Due to the scale of the phenomenon, the analysis of water quality was carried out by the Voivodeship Inspectorate for Environmental Protection in Poznań. Four samples of water were taken from different depths of the reservoir to perform physico-chemical and biological analyses. Two profiles, oxygen and temperature, were made in the deepest place of the Rusałka reservoir. There was a presence of hydrogen sulphide at the 5-meter depth of the reservoir. Additionally, oxygen concentration decreased strongly with depth to total deoxidation (< 0.50 mg·l-1O2 from 5 meters depth to the bottom). Furthermore, the average air temperatures in May 2018, in Poznań, were more than 3°C higher than in 2017 and 2016. In June and July, temperatures increased on average by 1 and 2°C compared to the previous. It was shown that the mass death of mussels was probably the result of the interaction of high temperature, a lack of oxygen, and the presence of hydrogen sulphide. It is not possible to clearly indicate only one factor that led to this phenomenon. Zarys treści: Zjawisko masowej śmierci małży w poznańskim zbiorniku Rusałka miało miejsce w lipcu 2018 r. W wyniku tego zdarzenia populacja małży Unionidae została uszczuplona. W ramach badań terenowych wykonano liczenie małży, które znajdowały się przy brzegach oraz pływały, unosząc się w toni wodnej. Stwierdzono łącznie około 5500 śniętych sztuk. Ze względu na skalę zjawiska Wojewódzki Inspektorat Ochrony Środowiska w Poznaniu wykonał kompleksowe analizy jakości wody. Pobrano cztery próbki wody z różnych głębokości zbiornika w celu przeprowadzenia analiz fizyczno-chemicznych i biologicznych. Wykonano również dwa profile – tlenowy i temperaturowy w najgłębszym miejscu zbiornika. Wykazano m.in obecność siarkowodoru na 5 m głębokości w zbiorniku. Ponadto stężenie tlenu ulegało obniżeniu w miarę wzrostu głębokości do poziomu bliskiego całkowitemu odtlenieniu (< 0,50 mg·l-1O2) od 5 m do dna. Dodatkowo średnie temperatury powietrza w Poznaniu w maju 2018 r. były wyższe o ponad 3°C w porównaniu do lat 2016 i 2017. W czerwcu i lipcu 2018 r. średnie temperatury powietrza wzrosły średnio o 1 i 2°C. Wykazano, że masowa śmierć małży była prawdopodobnie wynikiem wzajemnego oddziaływania wysokiej temperatury, braku tlenu oraz obecności siarkowodoru. Nie można jednoznacznie wskazać wyłącznie jednego czynnika, który doprowadził do tego zjawiska.
Rusałka水库贻贝大量死亡2018年7月，波兹纳斯Rusałka水库发生了贻贝大量死亡的现象。由于这一事件，Unionidae的人口已经耗尽。他们数了数死贻贝的数量，它们漂浮在岸边和水里。总共发现约5 500人死亡。由于这一现象的规模，水质分析是由波兹纳伊省环境保护监察局进行的。从水库的不同深度抽取了四个水样，进行了物理化学和生物分析。在Rusałka储层的最深处绘制了两条剖面，氧气和温度。在水库5米深的地方发现了硫化氢。此外，氧浓度随深度的增加而急剧下降(从5 m深度到底部< 0.50 mg·l-1O2)。此外，2018年5月波兹纳瓦的平均气温比2017年和2016年高出3°C以上。在6月和7月，气温比往年平均上升了1°C和2°C。结果表明，贻贝的大量死亡可能是高温、缺氧和硫化氢存在共同作用的结果。要明确指出导致这一现象的唯一因素是不可能的。Zarys treści: Zjawisko masowej śmierci małży w poznańskim zbiorniku Rusałka miało miejsce w lipcu 2018 r. w wyniku tego zdarzenia populacja małży Unionidae została uszzzuplona。拉马赫·巴达奇·特列诺维奇·维科诺诺·利泽尼małży, które znajdowały西西·布拉西·奥拉兹pływały, unosząc西西·托尼·伍德内吉。Stwierdzono łącznie około 5500 śniętych sztuk。兹względu na skalizzjawiska Wojewódzki检查员时间Środowiska w波兹纳努维科纳沃科姆普雷克索分析jakości伍迪。Pobrano cztery próbki wody z różnych głębokości zbiornika w celu przeprowzenia分析fizyczno-chemicznych i biologicznych。Wykonano również dwa剖面-技术温度为najgłębszym miiejscu zbiornika。Wykazano m.in obecność siarkowodoru na 5 m głębokości wzbiorniku。Ponadto stężenie tlenu ulegało obniżeniu w miarzi wzrostu głębokości do poziomu bliskiego całkowitemu odtleneniu (< 0,50 mg·l-1O2) od 5 m do dna。Dodatkowo średnie温度poweretrza w Poznaniu w maju 2018 r. były wyższe o ponad 3°C w porównaniu do 2016年末i 2017。wczerwcu i lippcu 2018 r. średnie温度功率wzrosły średnio 1 i 2°C。维卡扎诺，że masowa śmierć małży była prawdopodobnie wynikiem wzajemnego oddziaływania维卡扎伊温度，braku tlenu oraz obecności siarkowodoru。聂można jednoznacznie wskazazi wyłącznie jednego czynnika, który doprowadzizodo tego zjawiska。
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Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.4467/20833113pg.22.004.16134
T. Jelonek
Geographical names and specificity of a region (on the example of microtoponyms of the Wręczyca Wielka community in the Kłobuck poviat) The main purpose of this article is to present how geographical names reflect the specificity of the region. The onimic inquiring sight contains over 1000 microtoponyms that were collected during the geographical exploration from 2011 to 2017 in the Wręczyca Wielka community near Kłobuck, in the north of the Silesian Province. During the analysis of the above-mentioned toponomastic inquiry sight, the author used all information which were received from respondents (mainly from representatives of the oldest and middle generation) during informal conversations with the focus method. The first part of the text is devoted to the presentation of the basic methodological solutions and previous research. In the second part of this article, on the basis of detailed analysis of the geographical names of the Wręczyca Wielka community, the elements of environment and cultural factors captured in the geographical names, are presented. The microtoponyms reflect the specificity of the Wręczyca Wielka community because they archive data related to the natural and anthropogenic characteristics of the region. These record information, i.a. about: poorly diverse topography, underdeveloped hydrographic network, high degree of afforestation, iron mining, as well as old national relations. Zarys treści: Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie tego, w jaki sposób nazwy terenowe odzwierciedlają specyfikę danego regionu. Materiał onimiczny stanowi ponad 1000 mikrotoponimów, które zgromadzono w trakcie eksploracji terenowej prowadzonej w latach 2011–2017 w gminie Wręczyca Wielka na północy województwa śląskiego w powiecie kłobuckim. W trakcie analizy wspomnianego materiału toponomastycznego wykorzystano również różnorodne informacje, które uzyskano od mieszkańców gminy (głównie przedstawicieli najstarszego i średniego pokolenia) podczas prowadzenia nieoficjalnych rozmów z zastosowaniem metody fokusowej. W pierwszej części tekstu omówiono podstawowe rozwiązania metodologiczne oraz zreferowano stan badań. W drugiej części artykułu, na podstawie szczegółowej analizy nazw terenowych gminy Wręczyca Wielka, przybliżono elementy środowiska naturalnego oraz czynniki kulturowe utrwalone w nazwach terenowych. Mikrotoponimy odzwierciedlają specyfikę gminy Wręczyca Wielka, archiwizują one bowiem dane na temat naturalnych i antropogenicznych wyróżników regionu. Rejestrują informacje m.in. o: nieurozmaiconej rzeźbie terenu, słabo rozwiniętej sieci hydrograficznej, dużym stopniu zalesienia, kopalnictwie rud żelaza, a także – dawnych stosunkach narodowościowych.
一个地区的地理名称和特殊性(以Kłobuck poviat中Wręczyca Wielka社区的微地名为例)本文的主要目的是介绍地理名称如何反映该地区的特殊性。在西里西亚省北部Kłobuck附近的Wręczyca Wielka社区，2011年至2017年在地理勘探期间收集了1000多个微地名。在上述toponomical inquiry sight的分析过程中，作者使用了所有非正式对话中从被调查者(主要是老一代和中代人的代表)那里获得的信息，并采用了焦点法。本文的第一部分专门介绍了基本的方法解决方案和以前的研究。本文第二部分在对Wręczyca Wielka族地名进行详细分析的基础上，提出了地名中所蕴含的环境因素和文化因素。微地名反映了Wręczyca Wielka群落的特殊性，因为它们记录了与该地区自然和人为特征相关的数据。这些记录的信息包括:地形多样性差，水文网络不发达，造林程度高，铁矿开采，以及古老的民族关系。Zarys treści: Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie tego, w jaki sposób nazwy terenowe odzwierciedlajje speciyfikzdanego regionu。materiaowonimiczny stanowi ponad 1000 mikrotoponimów, które zgromadzono w traccie eksploracji terenwej prowadzonej w latach 2011-2017 w gminie Wręczyca Wielka na północy województwa śląskiego w powerecie kłobuckim。W轨迹分析wspomnianego materiału toponomastycznego wykorzystano również różnorodne informacje, które uzyskano od mieszkańców gminy (głównie przedstawicieli najstarszego i średniego polkolenia) podczas prowadzenia nieofficicjalnych rozmów zastosowaniem metody fokusowej。W pierwszej części tekstu omówiono podstawowe rozwiązania metologiczne oraz zreferowano stan badawa。W drugiej części artykułu, na podstawie szczegółowej analysis nazw terenovich gminy Wręczyca Wielka, przybliżono element środowiska naturalnego oraz czynniki kulturowe ultra walone W nazwachetovich。微地形学odzwierciedlajispecyfikzgminy Wręczyca Wielka, archiwizujoone bowiem dane, natalnych i anthropogenicznych wyróżników regionu。rejestrujje informacje m.in。O: nieurozmaiconej rzeźbie terenu, słabo rozwiniętej sieci hydrograficznej, dużym stopniu zalesienia, kopalnictwie rud żelaza, a: także - dawnych stosunkach narodowościowych。
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