ABSTRACTThe addition of chitosan to soil has been shown to promote plant development, although its actions on the soil and the plants remain unclear. Chili (Capsicum annum L.) seedlings were grown in a greenhouse (20–33°C, 65%–70% RH) on a substrate (topsoil, rice husk charcoal, and coconut coir) at a ratio of 2:1:1 (v/v) amended with 0%, 1%, or 10% (w/w) chitosan powder. Shoot and root dry weights of chili seedlings grown in a substrate containing 1% chitosan exhibited a 2.5-fold and 1.6-fold increase compared to those in 0% and 10% chitosan treatments, respectively. Leaf chlorophyll content was 2.7-fold higher at 20 days after transplanting. Chitosan at 1% improved the cation exchange capacity (CEC), substrate organic matter, and plant essential nutrient absorption (P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, and Zn). In contrast, the substrate added with 10% chitosan had a negative effect on chili seedlings, possibly due to an excess of total available nitrogen (1.54% or 1.6 times higher) and organic matter (30% or 1.6 times higher). Seedlings exhibited leaf chlorosis, poor root development, and fewer essential nutrients in tissues than the control and 1% chitosan treatments. Use of 1% chitosan appears to promote chili growth by improving substrate characteristics.KEYWORDS: Capsicum annumhot pepperplant nutrientssoil additivesubstrate properties AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee PhD Program (Grant No. PHD/0206/2552) for funding this research. We are grateful to Assoc. Prof. Dr Kohei Nakano (Gifu University, Japan) for his advice on soil microorganisms. The authors acknowledge the United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Japan, for providing facilities.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph. D. Program by Thailand Research Fund [PHD/0206/2552].
摘要土壤中添加壳聚糖可促进植物生长发育，但其对土壤和植物的作用尚不清楚。辣椒(Capsicum annum L.)幼苗在温室(20-33°C, 65%-70% RH)中生长，基质(表土，稻壳炭和椰壳)以2:1:1 (v/v)的比例添加0%，1%或10% (w/w)的壳聚糖粉。与0%和10%壳聚糖处理相比，1%壳聚糖处理辣椒幼苗的茎部和根干重分别增加了2.5倍和1.6倍。移栽后第20天叶片叶绿素含量增加2.7倍。1%的壳聚糖提高了阳离子交换量(CEC)、基质有机质和植物必需营养物质(P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu和Zn)的吸收。而添加10%壳聚糖的底物对辣椒幼苗的生长有负面影响，可能是由于总有效氮(高出1.54%或1.6倍)和有机质(高出30%或1.6倍)过量。与对照和1%壳聚糖处理相比，幼苗表现出叶片萎黄、根系发育不良、组织必需营养素减少的特点。1%壳聚糖通过改善基质特性促进辣椒生长。关键词:辣椒、辣椒、植物营养成分、土壤添加剂、基质特性致谢作者通过皇家金禧博士项目(批准号:No. 5)感谢泰国研究基金。PHD/0206/2552)资助本研究。我们非常感谢协会。中野Kohei博士教授(日本岐阜大学)就土壤微生物提出的建议。作者感谢日本岐阜大学农业科学联合研究生院提供的设施。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。这项工作得到了泰国研究基金[PHD/0206/2552]的皇家金禧博士项目的支持。
{"title":"Chitosan modifies the substrate and influences growth of chili seedlings","authors":"Noknoi Chookhongkha, Songsin Photchanachai, Chalermchai Wongs-Aree","doi":"10.1080/19315260.2023.2269195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2023.2269195","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe addition of chitosan to soil has been shown to promote plant development, although its actions on the soil and the plants remain unclear. Chili (Capsicum annum L.) seedlings were grown in a greenhouse (20–33°C, 65%–70% RH) on a substrate (topsoil, rice husk charcoal, and coconut coir) at a ratio of 2:1:1 (v/v) amended with 0%, 1%, or 10% (w/w) chitosan powder. Shoot and root dry weights of chili seedlings grown in a substrate containing 1% chitosan exhibited a 2.5-fold and 1.6-fold increase compared to those in 0% and 10% chitosan treatments, respectively. Leaf chlorophyll content was 2.7-fold higher at 20 days after transplanting. Chitosan at 1% improved the cation exchange capacity (CEC), substrate organic matter, and plant essential nutrient absorption (P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, and Zn). In contrast, the substrate added with 10% chitosan had a negative effect on chili seedlings, possibly due to an excess of total available nitrogen (1.54% or 1.6 times higher) and organic matter (30% or 1.6 times higher). Seedlings exhibited leaf chlorosis, poor root development, and fewer essential nutrients in tissues than the control and 1% chitosan treatments. Use of 1% chitosan appears to promote chili growth by improving substrate characteristics.KEYWORDS: Capsicum annumhot pepperplant nutrientssoil additivesubstrate properties AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee PhD Program (Grant No. PHD/0206/2552) for funding this research. We are grateful to Assoc. Prof. Dr Kohei Nakano (Gifu University, Japan) for his advice on soil microorganisms. The authors acknowledge the United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Japan, for providing facilities.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph. D. Program by Thailand Research Fund [PHD/0206/2552].","PeriodicalId":40028,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vegetable Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135365282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACTIf produced in large quantity, spent mushroom wastes/compost (SMW/SMC) could constitute an environmental problem due to its leachate contaminating surface and groundwater. It could be re-used as soil amendment due to its rich nutrient composition. The suitability of SMC derived from sawdust cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus K. for production of Celosia argentea L. in pots (5 kg of topsoil, 1:1 top soil by weight and 5 kg of SMC alone (corresponding to 0, 5 and 10 t∙ha−1, respectively); sole SMC and 100 kg∙ha−1 NPK as control) and field trials (0, 5, 10, and 15 t∙ha−1, with NPK at 60 kg∙ha−1 as control) were examined. The top soil used was of the Alfisol group of the basement complex which is locally classified as Ibadan series. Yield increased significantly with increase in SMC rates in pot and field-trials, relative to control, indicating SMC derived from sawdust cultivation of P. ostreatus as a potential fertilizer.KEYWORDS: Celosia argenteapleurotus ostreatusenvironmental pollutionorganic amendment AcknowlegmentThe authors thank Mrs. F.O. Akinrinsola, Mrs. G.A. Majekadegbe, and Mr. O. Daropale for their help in the field and data collection.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
{"title":"Utilization of spent mushroom wastes as an alternative to use of inorganic fertilizer","authors":"Olufunmilayo Omowumi Idowu, Olayiwola Akin Akintola, Obianuju Chiamaka Emmanuel, Caleb Adewale Otunla","doi":"10.1080/19315260.2023.2266425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2023.2266425","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIf produced in large quantity, spent mushroom wastes/compost (SMW/SMC) could constitute an environmental problem due to its leachate contaminating surface and groundwater. It could be re-used as soil amendment due to its rich nutrient composition. The suitability of SMC derived from sawdust cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus K. for production of Celosia argentea L. in pots (5 kg of topsoil, 1:1 top soil by weight and 5 kg of SMC alone (corresponding to 0, 5 and 10 t∙ha−1, respectively); sole SMC and 100 kg∙ha−1 NPK as control) and field trials (0, 5, 10, and 15 t∙ha−1, with NPK at 60 kg∙ha−1 as control) were examined. The top soil used was of the Alfisol group of the basement complex which is locally classified as Ibadan series. Yield increased significantly with increase in SMC rates in pot and field-trials, relative to control, indicating SMC derived from sawdust cultivation of P. ostreatus as a potential fertilizer.KEYWORDS: Celosia argenteapleurotus ostreatusenvironmental pollutionorganic amendment AcknowlegmentThe authors thank Mrs. F.O. Akinrinsola, Mrs. G.A. Majekadegbe, and Mr. O. Daropale for their help in the field and data collection.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.","PeriodicalId":40028,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vegetable Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1080/19315260.2023.2266411
Mohammad Hakim Hadi Khazail, Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh
ABSTRACTIdentifying, and evaluating, the nutritional and toxic compounds in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is important for breeding. This study investigates the quality and health indices in leaves of radish cultivars: Cherry Belle, Champion, French Breakfast, Sparkler, and a local landrace (Isfahan). Difference were observed in contents of dry matter (7.84–11.23%) and ash (1.12–2.05%) in leaves of radish cultivars. Nitrate content in leaves 1780–5234 mg·kg−1 which was 71.2–209.3% of the permissible limit. “Cherry Belle” and the local cultivar had the highest nitrate content. With increased dry matter accumulation in leaves, nitrate content decreased. Cultivars that have a higher photosynthesis capacity, represent more capability in nitrate consumption. The IC50 in leaves was 33.1%. The local landrace had the highest antioxidant capacity and “Cherry Belle” the lowest. The phenolic content and vitamin C in leaves of radish cultivars was 99.9 mg GAE/100 g and 34.25 mg/100 g, respectively. Radish leaves were rich in vitamin C. It is apparently possible to develop cultivars that have higher content of bioactive compounds and lower nitrate accumulation.KEYWORDS: Raphanus sativusash contentdry matter contentphenolic compoundsvitamin C Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Evaluation of nitrate accumulation, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in leaves of radish cultivars","authors":"Mohammad Hakim Hadi Khazail, Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh","doi":"10.1080/19315260.2023.2266411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2023.2266411","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIdentifying, and evaluating, the nutritional and toxic compounds in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is important for breeding. This study investigates the quality and health indices in leaves of radish cultivars: Cherry Belle, Champion, French Breakfast, Sparkler, and a local landrace (Isfahan). Difference were observed in contents of dry matter (7.84–11.23%) and ash (1.12–2.05%) in leaves of radish cultivars. Nitrate content in leaves 1780–5234 mg·kg−1 which was 71.2–209.3% of the permissible limit. “Cherry Belle” and the local cultivar had the highest nitrate content. With increased dry matter accumulation in leaves, nitrate content decreased. Cultivars that have a higher photosynthesis capacity, represent more capability in nitrate consumption. The IC50 in leaves was 33.1%. The local landrace had the highest antioxidant capacity and “Cherry Belle” the lowest. The phenolic content and vitamin C in leaves of radish cultivars was 99.9 mg GAE/100 g and 34.25 mg/100 g, respectively. Radish leaves were rich in vitamin C. It is apparently possible to develop cultivars that have higher content of bioactive compounds and lower nitrate accumulation.KEYWORDS: Raphanus sativusash contentdry matter contentphenolic compoundsvitamin C Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":40028,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vegetable Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.1080/19315260.2023.2266418
P. Mohanty, S. Pramanik, S. Sengupta, T. Bhattacharjee, P.K. Maurya, S. Banerjee, I. Chakraborty, A.K. Mandal, S. Chatterjee, A. Chattopadhyay, P. Hazra
ABSTRACTDevelopment of tomato hybrids with stable tolerance against tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) disease is necessary in the tropics and sub-tropics. Genotypes having a broad genetic base and phenotypic diversity were chosen as parents and crossed in a 4 × 3, line × tester fashion without reciprocals to produce 12 F1 tomato hybrids to determine manifestation of heterosis and gene action for characters. The predictability ratio exhibited a desired response for non-additive gene action in controlling expression of most traits including percent disease index (PDI) of ToLCV, but not for days to first flowering, locule number, fruit pH, fruit lycopene content and fruit yield per plant which were controlled by both additive and non-additive gene action. Specific gravity, titratable acidity and polar diameter of fruit were controlled by additive gene effect. Maximum heterobeltiosis in the desired direction was recorded for fruit yield per plant followed by lycopene content of fruit, retinol activity equivalent, and PDI of ToLCV. Two genotypes, “AVTO-1315” and “2016 Res/1” were promising genitors and may be utilized in future breeding. Hybrids “AVTO-1424 × 16 RES 1” (Ty-2, Ty-3, ty-5 + Ty-2) and “AVTO-1315 × 2016 Res/1” (Ty-1/Ty-3, Ty-2 + Ty-2) carrying multiple genes were considered promising for high yield with some field tolerance against ToLCV disease. Pyramiding multiple genes possessing at least Ty-2 and Ty-3 into tomato hybrids may be effective in managing ToLCV disease for tropical and subtropical regions.KEYWORDS: Solanum lycopersicumcombining abilitygene actionheterosis AcknowledgmentsWe thank the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Centre, Taiwan, for providing genetic materials to carry out this study.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
摘要在热带和亚热带地区，培育对番茄卷曲叶病毒(ToLCV)具有稳定抗性的番茄杂交种是十分必要的。选择具有广泛遗传基础和表型多样性的基因型作为亲本，以4 × 3、系×试体的方式进行无往复杂交，获得12个F1番茄杂种，以确定杂种优势的表现和性状的基因作用。在非加性基因作用下，番茄红素含量、单株产量、开花天数、房室数、果实pH值均受加性和非加性基因作用的控制。果实比重、可滴定酸度和极性直径受加性基因效应控制。单株产量、番茄红素含量、视黄醇活性当量和ToLCV的PDI在期望的方向上记录了最大的杂种优势。“AVTO-1315”和“2016 Res/1”两个基因型是很有前途的基因型，可以在未来的育种中利用。携带多基因的杂交品种AVTO-1424 × 16 RES 1 (Ty-2、Ty-3、ty-5 + Ty-2)和AVTO-1315 × 2016 RES /1 (Ty-1/Ty-3、Ty-2 + Ty-2)被认为具有高产潜力，对ToLCV病具有一定的田间耐受性。将至少具有Ty-2和Ty-3的多个基因金字塔化到番茄杂交种中可能有效地控制热带和亚热带地区的ToLCV病。关键词:番茄茄配合力基因作用杂种优势感谢台湾亚洲蔬菜研究与发展中心为本研究提供遗传材料。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。
{"title":"Development of tomato hybrid aiming to pyramid <i>Ty</i> genes for imparting tolerance to tomato leaf curl virus disease","authors":"P. Mohanty, S. Pramanik, S. Sengupta, T. Bhattacharjee, P.K. Maurya, S. Banerjee, I. Chakraborty, A.K. Mandal, S. Chatterjee, A. Chattopadhyay, P. Hazra","doi":"10.1080/19315260.2023.2266418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2023.2266418","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTDevelopment of tomato hybrids with stable tolerance against tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) disease is necessary in the tropics and sub-tropics. Genotypes having a broad genetic base and phenotypic diversity were chosen as parents and crossed in a 4 × 3, line × tester fashion without reciprocals to produce 12 F1 tomato hybrids to determine manifestation of heterosis and gene action for characters. The predictability ratio exhibited a desired response for non-additive gene action in controlling expression of most traits including percent disease index (PDI) of ToLCV, but not for days to first flowering, locule number, fruit pH, fruit lycopene content and fruit yield per plant which were controlled by both additive and non-additive gene action. Specific gravity, titratable acidity and polar diameter of fruit were controlled by additive gene effect. Maximum heterobeltiosis in the desired direction was recorded for fruit yield per plant followed by lycopene content of fruit, retinol activity equivalent, and PDI of ToLCV. Two genotypes, “AVTO-1315” and “2016 Res/1” were promising genitors and may be utilized in future breeding. Hybrids “AVTO-1424 × 16 RES 1” (Ty-2, Ty-3, ty-5 + Ty-2) and “AVTO-1315 × 2016 Res/1” (Ty-1/Ty-3, Ty-2 + Ty-2) carrying multiple genes were considered promising for high yield with some field tolerance against ToLCV disease. Pyramiding multiple genes possessing at least Ty-2 and Ty-3 into tomato hybrids may be effective in managing ToLCV disease for tropical and subtropical regions.KEYWORDS: Solanum lycopersicumcombining abilitygene actionheterosis AcknowledgmentsWe thank the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Centre, Taiwan, for providing genetic materials to carry out this study.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":40028,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vegetable Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-08DOI: 10.1080/19315260.2023.2267076
Ankit Sharma, Lokesh Kumawat, Ajay Singh
ABSTRACTRobotics is playing a role in changing the face of agriculture. The combination of robot competencies, vegetable seedling culture, and operational settings is required when using robotics in vegetable transplanting. A manipulator mechanism and control are used for path determination, picking, and placing of the seedling using an end-effector. Seedlings are fragile, and while handling seedlings through a robotic system, physical strength and morphology must be considered to design the end effector. This article explores multiple aspects and instances of robotics development for vegetable seedling transplanting following a review of the fundamental components of plant production robots. The recent work with robots on vegetable transplanting techniques is addressed. Even though robots are becoming inseparable aspects of modern farming.KEYWORDS: Automationend-effectorgrippermanipulatoroptical sensortraveling device Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
{"title":"Development of robotics in vegetable seedling transplantation: a future research direction","authors":"Ankit Sharma, Lokesh Kumawat, Ajay Singh","doi":"10.1080/19315260.2023.2267076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2023.2267076","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTRobotics is playing a role in changing the face of agriculture. The combination of robot competencies, vegetable seedling culture, and operational settings is required when using robotics in vegetable transplanting. A manipulator mechanism and control are used for path determination, picking, and placing of the seedling using an end-effector. Seedlings are fragile, and while handling seedlings through a robotic system, physical strength and morphology must be considered to design the end effector. This article explores multiple aspects and instances of robotics development for vegetable seedling transplanting following a review of the fundamental components of plant production robots. The recent work with robots on vegetable transplanting techniques is addressed. Even though robots are becoming inseparable aspects of modern farming.KEYWORDS: Automationend-effectorgrippermanipulatoroptical sensortraveling device Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.","PeriodicalId":40028,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vegetable Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135198299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-08DOI: 10.1080/19315260.2023.2265914
Juan C. Díaz-Pérez, Angelos Deltsidis, Ania M. Cutiño-Jiménez
ABSTRACTCompacted soils and high soil moisture conditions restrict soil aeration reducing oxygen availability to roots. Low oxygen, or hypoxia, in soils may harm root function, plant growth, yield, and the soil microbiota in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The objective was to evaluate the effect of oxygenated and ozonated irrigation water and a microbial inoculant, on plant growth, physiology, fruit yield, and soil microbiota in conventional tomato at Tifton, Georgia. Irrigation water treatments were: 1) untreated water, 2) oxygenated water, 3) oxygenated water + ozone, 4) control water + inoculant, and 5) oxygenated water + inoculant. Immediately after oxygenation, or ozonation, water was injected into the drip irrigation system. The inoculant was a microbial consortium of 12 microbial species. Irrigation water treatments did not affect leaf gas exchange, leaf mineral nutrients, plant growth, fruit yield, and incidence of tomato yellow leaf curl and southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii). Soil bacterial and fungal distributions were unaffected by treatments. Oxygenation plus ozonation of irrigation water and the soil microbial inoculant did not affect tomato plant growth, soil-borne diseases, fruit yield, or soil microbiota.KEYWORDS: Apoxiairrigationsoil-borne diseasessoil microbiotasustainable agriculture AcknowledgmentsThanks to Jesús Bautista and Orestis Giannopoulos for technical support and Xuelin Luo (Experimental Statistics – Tifton, UGA) for statistical support.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
{"title":"Oxygenation and ozonation of irrigation water and a soil microbial inoculant did not influence tomato plant growth and yield and soil microbiota","authors":"Juan C. Díaz-Pérez, Angelos Deltsidis, Ania M. Cutiño-Jiménez","doi":"10.1080/19315260.2023.2265914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2023.2265914","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTCompacted soils and high soil moisture conditions restrict soil aeration reducing oxygen availability to roots. Low oxygen, or hypoxia, in soils may harm root function, plant growth, yield, and the soil microbiota in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The objective was to evaluate the effect of oxygenated and ozonated irrigation water and a microbial inoculant, on plant growth, physiology, fruit yield, and soil microbiota in conventional tomato at Tifton, Georgia. Irrigation water treatments were: 1) untreated water, 2) oxygenated water, 3) oxygenated water + ozone, 4) control water + inoculant, and 5) oxygenated water + inoculant. Immediately after oxygenation, or ozonation, water was injected into the drip irrigation system. The inoculant was a microbial consortium of 12 microbial species. Irrigation water treatments did not affect leaf gas exchange, leaf mineral nutrients, plant growth, fruit yield, and incidence of tomato yellow leaf curl and southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii). Soil bacterial and fungal distributions were unaffected by treatments. Oxygenation plus ozonation of irrigation water and the soil microbial inoculant did not affect tomato plant growth, soil-borne diseases, fruit yield, or soil microbiota.KEYWORDS: Apoxiairrigationsoil-borne diseasessoil microbiotasustainable agriculture AcknowledgmentsThanks to Jesús Bautista and Orestis Giannopoulos for technical support and Xuelin Luo (Experimental Statistics – Tifton, UGA) for statistical support.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.","PeriodicalId":40028,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vegetable Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135197782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.1080/19315260.2023.2253790
Jongtae Lee, Juyeon Kim, Tae-Ja Kim, Hyang-Mi Lee, Mi-Ae Kim, Mi-Jung Park, Mijin Lee, Byeonggyu Min, Gil-Seog Park
ABSTRACTOwing to fall-transplanted onions (Allium cepa L.) grown in temperate zones overwinter, cultivars and agricultural practices have been developed to decrease bolting. Because of climate change, there frequently occurs warm winters and low temperatures in spring. Physiological disorders, previously not shown often, deteriorate quality and yield of onion bulbs. This study evaluated the effects of spring temperature on bulb development and inflorescence initiation of intermediate-day onions. Thirty plants (3 replicates of 10 plants) were randomly collected at approximately 5-day intervals from 16 March to 5 June. Plant growth and bolter characteristics were measured, ad the number of lateral leaves and centers, and number of bulb scales in bolted and unbolted onion were counted. Bolting incidence increased three times, first in mid-March, second in mid-April, and last in early-May. Mean daily air temperature preceding increases in bolting incidence were 6.8°C (0.8–13.1°C, min.-max.) in the first 10 days of March, 10.8°C(2.8–18.5°C) from 5 April to 15 April, and 11.8°C (4.7–18.2°C) from 17 April to 28 April. Inflorescences induced after onset of bulbing did not develop into normal spathes and flowers but degenerated into immature umbels and did not produce individual florets. When temperatures after inflorescence induction, or bulb initiation, was lower than the temperature required for bulb or inflorescence development of the lateral bud occasionally developed into leaves with leaf blades or swollen sheaths. These results provide information on onion bulb development and inflorescence physiology and to predict onion bolting or splitting in the field.KEYWORDS: Allium cepabolterbulbingclimate changephysiology AcknowledgmentsThis work supported by the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry through Advanced Production Technology Development Program, funded by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea (No. 320020-2).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Inflorescence initiation pattern as affected by air temperature in fall-transplanted intermediate-day onion","authors":"Jongtae Lee, Juyeon Kim, Tae-Ja Kim, Hyang-Mi Lee, Mi-Ae Kim, Mi-Jung Park, Mijin Lee, Byeonggyu Min, Gil-Seog Park","doi":"10.1080/19315260.2023.2253790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2023.2253790","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTOwing to fall-transplanted onions (Allium cepa L.) grown in temperate zones overwinter, cultivars and agricultural practices have been developed to decrease bolting. Because of climate change, there frequently occurs warm winters and low temperatures in spring. Physiological disorders, previously not shown often, deteriorate quality and yield of onion bulbs. This study evaluated the effects of spring temperature on bulb development and inflorescence initiation of intermediate-day onions. Thirty plants (3 replicates of 10 plants) were randomly collected at approximately 5-day intervals from 16 March to 5 June. Plant growth and bolter characteristics were measured, ad the number of lateral leaves and centers, and number of bulb scales in bolted and unbolted onion were counted. Bolting incidence increased three times, first in mid-March, second in mid-April, and last in early-May. Mean daily air temperature preceding increases in bolting incidence were 6.8°C (0.8–13.1°C, min.-max.) in the first 10 days of March, 10.8°C(2.8–18.5°C) from 5 April to 15 April, and 11.8°C (4.7–18.2°C) from 17 April to 28 April. Inflorescences induced after onset of bulbing did not develop into normal spathes and flowers but degenerated into immature umbels and did not produce individual florets. When temperatures after inflorescence induction, or bulb initiation, was lower than the temperature required for bulb or inflorescence development of the lateral bud occasionally developed into leaves with leaf blades or swollen sheaths. These results provide information on onion bulb development and inflorescence physiology and to predict onion bolting or splitting in the field.KEYWORDS: Allium cepabolterbulbingclimate changephysiology AcknowledgmentsThis work supported by the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry through Advanced Production Technology Development Program, funded by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea (No. 320020-2).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":40028,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vegetable Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135478341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-03DOI: 10.1080/19315260.2023.2243576
Vincent M. Russo
{"title":"The Editor’s field – one of the most submitted type of manuscript addresses whether","authors":"Vincent M. Russo","doi":"10.1080/19315260.2023.2243576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2023.2243576","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40028,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vegetable Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134947711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-03DOI: 10.1080/19315260.2023.2238288
C. Visalakshi, M. N. Sheela, V. Ravi, J. Sreekumar, Senthil Alias Sankar
ABSTRACTPostharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) is a constraint in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and a threat to effective utilization of cassava roots. This study determined the magnitude of variability for PPD tolerance among cassava genotypes and identified new sources of tolerance to PPD. Seventy-six cassava genotypes were evaluated for PPD tolerance at postharvest evaluation intervals of 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, or 20 days after harvest. Repeated measure analysis indicated that differences for PPD reliably depend on time in conjunction with genotype and years. The genotypes were categorized into nine classes using rank-sum statistics involving standardized mean range, PPD, and PPD per day. Nineteen genotypes were tolerant and three were free of symptoms up to 20 days postharvest. Released varieties had tolerance to PPD compared to local varieties and pre-breeding lines. The PPD symptoms were mostly found in peripheral regions and in proximal and distal ends rather than in the mid-region of the root. The presence of the root neck reduced deterioration. Root length, weight, and dry matter content were positively correlated with PPD. The new sources of tolerance may improve the adoption and utilization of cassava.KEYWORDS: Manihot esculentavariabilityrepeated measuresrank sum analysis AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank the Director, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute for providing necessary facilities to carry out this work.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Varietal screening for identification of postharvest physiological deterioration tolerance in storage roots of cassava","authors":"C. Visalakshi, M. N. Sheela, V. Ravi, J. Sreekumar, Senthil Alias Sankar","doi":"10.1080/19315260.2023.2238288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2023.2238288","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTPostharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) is a constraint in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and a threat to effective utilization of cassava roots. This study determined the magnitude of variability for PPD tolerance among cassava genotypes and identified new sources of tolerance to PPD. Seventy-six cassava genotypes were evaluated for PPD tolerance at postharvest evaluation intervals of 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, or 20 days after harvest. Repeated measure analysis indicated that differences for PPD reliably depend on time in conjunction with genotype and years. The genotypes were categorized into nine classes using rank-sum statistics involving standardized mean range, PPD, and PPD per day. Nineteen genotypes were tolerant and three were free of symptoms up to 20 days postharvest. Released varieties had tolerance to PPD compared to local varieties and pre-breeding lines. The PPD symptoms were mostly found in peripheral regions and in proximal and distal ends rather than in the mid-region of the root. The presence of the root neck reduced deterioration. Root length, weight, and dry matter content were positively correlated with PPD. The new sources of tolerance may improve the adoption and utilization of cassava.KEYWORDS: Manihot esculentavariabilityrepeated measuresrank sum analysis AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank the Director, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute for providing necessary facilities to carry out this work.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":40028,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vegetable Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134947710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1080/19315260.2023.2248614
Zahra Kiani, K. Mashayekhi
ABSTRACT Onion (Allium cepa L) varieties grow at different latitudes. Onions need cool temperatures in the early stages of growth, and high temperatures and long days during bulbing. Sowing of seed in autumn, winter, and early spring results in more leaf growth and subsequently higher bulb yield than sowing in late-spring and summer. Onion varieties show different reactions to temperature and day length. Short-day varieties need shorter day lengths and low temperatures for bulb induction compared to long-day varieties. As the required minimum day length of an onion variety is met with increasing temperatures, bulbs will be initiated. Short-day varieties reached the bulbing phase at day lengths of 11–12 h. Cultivation of short-day varieties originating from low and equatorial latitudes in areas with higher latitudes resulted in early maturity. All onion varieties, regardless of photoperiod requirements, require low temperatures in the early growing season and seedling stage. Cultivars with similar photoperiod requirements in terms of morphological and genetic traits are located in different groups. Carbohydrates are transferred from leaves to bulbs over long days and during the bulbing stage. There is a close relationship between sugar and flowering genes like AcFT2. Region, variety, and genetics of varieties influence onion bulbing.
{"title":"A review of the effects of onion varieties with different photoperiod requirements and their origin on selecting the suitable sowing date","authors":"Zahra Kiani, K. Mashayekhi","doi":"10.1080/19315260.2023.2248614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2023.2248614","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Onion (Allium cepa L) varieties grow at different latitudes. Onions need cool temperatures in the early stages of growth, and high temperatures and long days during bulbing. Sowing of seed in autumn, winter, and early spring results in more leaf growth and subsequently higher bulb yield than sowing in late-spring and summer. Onion varieties show different reactions to temperature and day length. Short-day varieties need shorter day lengths and low temperatures for bulb induction compared to long-day varieties. As the required minimum day length of an onion variety is met with increasing temperatures, bulbs will be initiated. Short-day varieties reached the bulbing phase at day lengths of 11–12 h. Cultivation of short-day varieties originating from low and equatorial latitudes in areas with higher latitudes resulted in early maturity. All onion varieties, regardless of photoperiod requirements, require low temperatures in the early growing season and seedling stage. Cultivars with similar photoperiod requirements in terms of morphological and genetic traits are located in different groups. Carbohydrates are transferred from leaves to bulbs over long days and during the bulbing stage. There is a close relationship between sugar and flowering genes like AcFT2. Region, variety, and genetics of varieties influence onion bulbing.","PeriodicalId":40028,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vegetable Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42777924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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