Arisya Hanim Sharol Hisam, Nurfarhana Rasli, Nur Fatihah Abdul Razak, Ain Sofea Nabila Aidy Ajmer, Joe Dailin Daniel, Hesham Ali El Enshasy, Wen Nee Tan, Woei Yenn Tong
There are over 40 countries that have legalised the use of Cannabis sativa for medical purposes. The objective of this review is to discuss the benefits of C. sativa usage for medical purposes and the conflicts that may arise from its usage. In terms of neurological disorders, medical C. sativa is effective in reducing the symptoms of neuropathic and peripheral pain, Tic disorder, Parkinson’s Disease, and Alzheimer’s Disease. Besides, C. sativa has been proven to reduce the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, insomnia, anxiety, and schizophrenia. With the legalization of C. sativa for medical purposes, there are conflicts that arise, including public attitudes and social acceptability. In conclusion, medical C. sativa showed significant medical benefits in managing neurological, mental, and other pain-related illnesses. However, C. sativa can also cause conflicts in the legalization process due to adverse effects shown to users after consuming it for a period of time.
{"title":"Potential Medical Benefits of Cannabis sativa and Its Controversies","authors":"Arisya Hanim Sharol Hisam, Nurfarhana Rasli, Nur Fatihah Abdul Razak, Ain Sofea Nabila Aidy Ajmer, Joe Dailin Daniel, Hesham Ali El Enshasy, Wen Nee Tan, Woei Yenn Tong","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.43","url":null,"abstract":"There are over 40 countries that have legalised the use of Cannabis sativa for medical purposes. The objective of this review is to discuss the benefits of C. sativa usage for medical purposes and the conflicts that may arise from its usage. In terms of neurological disorders, medical C. sativa is effective in reducing the symptoms of neuropathic and peripheral pain, Tic disorder, Parkinson’s Disease, and Alzheimer’s Disease. Besides, C. sativa has been proven to reduce the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, insomnia, anxiety, and schizophrenia. With the legalization of C. sativa for medical purposes, there are conflicts that arise, including public attitudes and social acceptability. In conclusion, medical C. sativa showed significant medical benefits in managing neurological, mental, and other pain-related illnesses. However, C. sativa can also cause conflicts in the legalization process due to adverse effects shown to users after consuming it for a period of time.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rahmania Ambarika, Mohammad Saifulaman, Nur Syazana Umar, Novian Mahayu Adiutama, Novita Ana Anggraini
Introduction: A stroke awareness campaign is crucial for primary stroke prevention. Therefore, it is important to evaluate people’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding stroke awareness to assess the effectiveness of the campaign that has been carried out so far. This study aims to identify people’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding stroke and analyze the influence of demographic factors on their knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Methods: This cross-sectional study involving 512 randomly selected adults was conducted in the east and west of Java Island Indonesia in June – August 2022. A questionnaire containing 31 items of knowledge, ten items of attitudes, and 10 items of practices was used as an instrument. Demographic data obtained includes age, gender, place of residence, education, occupation, monthly income, and ethnicity. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA. Results: Fifty-one percent of respondents had poor knowledge, 67% had poor attitudes, and 48% had poor practices regarding stroke awareness. However, gender and occupation do not affect their knowledge, attitudes, and practices, while education level affects knowledge and attitudes, place of residence only affects knowledge, age only affects attitudes, and ethnicity affects all knowledge, attitudes, and practices scores. Conclusion: Because ethnicity is the only factor that can affect all domains (knowledge, attitudes, and practices), the Indonesian government must immediately review the stroke awareness campaign strategy using an ethnic/cultural approach. Given that Indonesia has one of the world’s highest levels of cultural diversity, it is expected to be right on target.
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Stroke in Multicultural Communities: Should the Indonesian Government Reconsider Stroke Awareness Campaigns?","authors":"Rahmania Ambarika, Mohammad Saifulaman, Nur Syazana Umar, Novian Mahayu Adiutama, Novita Ana Anggraini","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.25","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A stroke awareness campaign is crucial for primary stroke prevention. Therefore, it is important to evaluate people’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding stroke awareness to assess the effectiveness of the campaign that has been carried out so far. This study aims to identify people’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding stroke and analyze the influence of demographic factors on their knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Methods: This cross-sectional study involving 512 randomly selected adults was conducted in the east and west of Java Island Indonesia in June – August 2022. A questionnaire containing 31 items of knowledge, ten items of attitudes, and 10 items of practices was used as an instrument. Demographic data obtained includes age, gender, place of residence, education, occupation, monthly income, and ethnicity. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA. Results: Fifty-one percent of respondents had poor knowledge, 67% had poor attitudes, and 48% had poor practices regarding stroke awareness. However, gender and occupation do not affect their knowledge, attitudes, and practices, while education level affects knowledge and attitudes, place of residence only affects knowledge, age only affects attitudes, and ethnicity affects all knowledge, attitudes, and practices scores. Conclusion: Because ethnicity is the only factor that can affect all domains (knowledge, attitudes, and practices), the Indonesian government must immediately review the stroke awareness campaign strategy using an ethnic/cultural approach. Given that Indonesia has one of the world’s highest levels of cultural diversity, it is expected to be right on target.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kokila Thiagarajah, Suganya Bala Subramaniam, Yeen Tan Ng Michelle
Introduction: Breastfeeding practice aids babies in acquiring nutrients they need but it could be impeded when women are struggling from postpartum depression (PPD). The prevalence of PPD varied across countries and certain sociodemographic traits along with breastfeeding practices have influenced PPD rates differently. The aim of this research was to study the prevalence of PPD among Malaysian mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic and to study the overall relationship between breastfeeding ractice with PPD and perceived social support. Methods: Through an online questionnaire, 109 mothers have participated, and the collected data were analysed based on the sociodemographic information, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Results: The prevalence of PPD was 48.6%. Sociodemographic characteristics like working status, ethnicity, living region and household income had no association with PPD. No statistically significant differences in working status with PPD and perceived social support levels respectively, although the occurrence of PPD was higher among working-class mothers. A significant negative correlation was found between PPD level with perceived social support (P=0.040, rs=-0.197) and paid maternity leave (P=0.015, rs=-0.333). Perceived social support was positively correlated with education level (P=0.044, rs=0.194) and paid maternity leave (P=0.023, rs=0.218). Conclusion: The social support and paid maternity leave may reduce the PPD, yet further studies involving a larger and more diverse subjects may warrant a more conclusive finding.
{"title":"Postpartum Depression Among Malaysian Mothers During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Relationship With Breastfeeding Practices and Perceived Social Support","authors":"Kokila Thiagarajah, Suganya Bala Subramaniam, Yeen Tan Ng Michelle","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.13","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Breastfeeding practice aids babies in acquiring nutrients they need but it could be impeded when women are struggling from postpartum depression (PPD). The prevalence of PPD varied across countries and certain sociodemographic traits along with breastfeeding practices have influenced PPD rates differently. The aim of this research was to study the prevalence of PPD among Malaysian mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic and to study the overall relationship between breastfeeding ractice \u0000with PPD and perceived social support. Methods: Through an online questionnaire, 109 mothers have participated, and the collected data were analysed based on the sociodemographic information, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Results: The prevalence of PPD was 48.6%. Sociodemographic characteristics like working status, ethnicity, living region and household income had no association with PPD. No statistically significant \u0000differences in working status with PPD and perceived social support levels respectively, although the occurrence of PPD was higher among working-class mothers. A significant negative correlation was found between PPD level with perceived social support (P=0.040, rs=-0.197) and paid maternity leave (P=0.015, rs=-0.333). Perceived social support was positively correlated with education level (P=0.044, rs=0.194) and paid maternity leave (P=0.023, rs=0.218). Conclusion: The social support and paid maternity leave may reduce the PPD, yet further studies involving a larger and more diverse subjects may warrant a more conclusive finding.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jalilah Idris, Jyh Chyang Pang, Wan Nur Ismah Wan Ahmad Kamil, Muhammad Fauzi Daud
Introduction: Gene expression is regulated by trans-acting factors such as microRNA, and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Dysregulation of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are found in neurological diseases. However, the role RBPs in spinal cord injury (SCI) have not been identified. The objective of this study was to identify RBPs by re-analyzing RNA-sequencing data from SCI mice model using the latest version of Tuxedo pipeline. Methods: Reads from transcriptomic sequence of acute, subacute, and control mice models, from the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) website, were uploaded to a scientific workflow system called usegalaxy.org. The reads were assessed for their quality using FastQC, before they were mapped to the mouse mm10 reference genome using HISAT2. The fragments were then aligned to full-length transcripts using Stringtie, followed by DESeq2 to find differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate of 0.05 and fold change of -1< x >1). Finally, to find functional annotations, the Protein Analysis through Evolutionary Relationship (PANTHER) and g:Profiler were used. Results: There were 24 RBP-coding genes identified in the acute injury, and 27 in the subacute injury. Four RBPs that were commonly expressed at high levels in both acute and subacute injury; Hnrnpm, Ptbp3, Rbfox3 and Znf385a. These proteins regulate alternative splicing, and RNA transport. Other RBP-coding genes with a role in inflammatory response and apoptosis were also discovered. Conclusion: Novel RBP-coding genes differentially expressed in SCI were discovered, suggesting their role in the pathophysiology of SCI. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms employed by RBPs in SCI.
基因表达受反式作用因子如microRNA和rna结合蛋白(rbp)的调控。在神经系统疾病中发现了rna结合蛋白(rbp)的失调。然而，rbp在脊髓损伤(SCI)中的作用尚未确定。本研究的目的是利用最新版本的Tuxedo管道重新分析SCI小鼠模型的rna测序数据，以鉴定rbp。方法:从序列读取档案(SRA)网站上读取急性、亚急性和对照小鼠模型的转录组序列，并将其上传到名为usegalaxy.org的科学工作流系统。在使用HISAT2将这些reads映射到小鼠mm10参考基因组之前，使用FastQC对它们的质量进行评估。然后使用Stringtie将片段与全长转录本比对，然后使用DESeq2寻找差异表达基因(错误发现率为0.05，折叠变化为-1<x在1)。最后，使用PANTHER (Protein Analysis through Evolutionary Relationship)和g:Profiler来寻找功能注释。结果:在急性损伤中鉴定出24个rbp编码基因，在亚急性损伤中鉴定出27个rbp编码基因。四种rbp在急性和亚急性损伤中普遍高水平表达;Hnrnpm, Ptbp3, Rbfox3和Znf385a。这些蛋白质调节选择性剪接和RNA运输。其他rbp编码基因在炎症反应和细胞凋亡中也有作用。结论:在脊髓损伤中发现了新的rbp编码基因差异表达，提示其参与脊髓损伤的病理生理。这些发现有助于更好地理解脊髓损伤中rbp的调控机制。
{"title":"Identification of RNA-binding Proteins in Spinal Cord Injury: An In-silico Approach","authors":"Jalilah Idris, Jyh Chyang Pang, Wan Nur Ismah Wan Ahmad Kamil, Muhammad Fauzi Daud","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.33","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Gene expression is regulated by trans-acting factors such as microRNA, and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Dysregulation of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are found in neurological diseases. However, the role RBPs in spinal cord injury (SCI) have not been identified. The objective of this study was to identify RBPs by re-analyzing RNA-sequencing data from SCI mice model using the latest version of Tuxedo pipeline. Methods: Reads from transcriptomic sequence of acute, subacute, and control mice models, from the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) website, were uploaded to a scientific workflow system called usegalaxy.org. The reads were assessed for their quality using FastQC, before they were mapped to the mouse mm10 reference genome using HISAT2. The fragments were then aligned to full-length transcripts using Stringtie, followed by DESeq2 to find differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate of 0.05 and fold change of -1< x >1). Finally, to find functional annotations, the Protein Analysis through Evolutionary Relationship (PANTHER) and g:Profiler were used. Results: There were 24 RBP-coding genes identified in the acute injury, and 27 in the subacute injury. Four RBPs that were commonly expressed at high levels in both acute and subacute injury; Hnrnpm, Ptbp3, Rbfox3 and Znf385a. These proteins regulate alternative splicing, and RNA transport. Other RBP-coding genes with a role in inflammatory response and apoptosis were also discovered. Conclusion: Novel RBP-coding genes differentially expressed in SCI were discovered, suggesting their role in the pathophysiology of SCI. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms employed by RBPs in SCI.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Lack of breastfeeding in the first few days of life is an obstacle to early breastfeeding due to fear and anxiety about insufficient breastfeeding. A Proper breastfeeding experience can be enhanced through breast care, namely breast massage, nipple cleansing, and squeezing the breasts with warm and cold water. It naturally stimulates the breast to increase the hormone. Four out of 10 postpartum women complain that they are not producing enough milk for their babies. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a combination of lactation and breast massage care on postpartum breastfeeding production. Methods: A Quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest- posttest design was used in this research. The population of this study was 32 respondents in total. Data collection in this study was carried out using researchers assessing the adequacy of breastfeeding before the intervention of a combination of lactation massage and breast care on postpartum aged one day and reassessing after being given a combination intervention of lactation massage and breast care on postpartum aged three days. Results: The average value of breastfeeding adequacy before being given a massage combination is 1.16, the average after being given a massage combination is 6.25, the average difference before and after is 5.09, and the p-value = 0.000. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the combination of lactation massage and breast care affects the adequacy of breastfeeding, with p value 0.000 (p <0.05).
{"title":"The Effect of Lactation Massage Combination and Postpartum Breast Care Aged One to Three Days on the Experience of Adequate Breastfeeding","authors":"Rahmatul Ulya Rahmatul Ulya, Santhna Letchmi Panduragan, Shentya Fitriana Shentya Fitriana, Hafizah Che Hassan","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.34","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Lack of breastfeeding in the first few days of life is an obstacle to early breastfeeding due to fear and anxiety about insufficient breastfeeding. A Proper breastfeeding experience can be enhanced through breast care, namely breast massage, nipple cleansing, and squeezing the breasts with warm and cold water. It naturally stimulates the breast to increase the hormone. Four out of 10 postpartum women complain that they are not producing enough milk for their babies. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a combination of lactation and breast massage care on postpartum breastfeeding production. Methods: A Quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest- posttest design was used in this research. The population of this study was 32 respondents in total. Data collection in this study was carried out using researchers assessing the adequacy of breastfeeding before the intervention of a combination of lactation massage and breast care on postpartum aged one day and reassessing after being given a combination intervention of lactation massage and breast care on postpartum aged three days. Results: The average value of breastfeeding adequacy before being given a massage combination is 1.16, the average after being given a massage combination is 6.25, the average difference before and after is 5.09, and the p-value = 0.000. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the combination of lactation massage and breast care affects the adequacy of breastfeeding, with p value 0.000 (p <0.05).","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Liyana Hasnaa Mohd Daud, Noraishah Mohamed Nor, Nurul Hazirah Jaafar, Wan Azdie Mohd Abu Bakar, Nor Azwani Mohd Shukri
Aims and Design: Telenutrition offers a potentially useful health improvement approach by providing patients with remote online dietary counselling and disease management services. This review protocol will examine how feasible and effective providing online dietary consultation could be through telenutrition. Data Sources: Adhering to the PRISMA-P, articles from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCo, and Scopus databases will be searched using PICOS (population, intervention, comparator, outcome, and study design). Review Methods: The inclusion criteria will be an RCT study design and intervention involving telehealth and telenutrition services, published in English between 1997 and 2022 and in full-text form. The overall risk of bias will be assessed using the Risk of Bias tool developed by the Cochrane Collaboration and the RevMan 5.0 computer program. The latter will be utilised to conduct a meta-analysis. The chosen studies’ heterogeneity will be assessed using a random-effects model and the I2 statistic. Each intervention’s efficacy will be indicated through the statistical significance of the between-group difference (p-value <0.05). The quality of the methodology will be assessed by measuring the RCT design using the Jadad scale, while the evidence quality will be determined using the GRADE system. Results: This review protocol will summarise evidence regarding the feasibility and effectiveness of employing telenutrition for remote dietary consultation. Conference presentations and peer-reviewed journal publications will be how the findings are disseminated. Conclusion and impact: The findings may help to guide the effective implementation of remote dietary consultation services for patients. Trial Registration No: CRD42022340706
{"title":"The Feasibility and Effectiveness of Telenutrition for Remote Dietary Consultation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol","authors":"Nur Liyana Hasnaa Mohd Daud, Noraishah Mohamed Nor, Nurul Hazirah Jaafar, Wan Azdie Mohd Abu Bakar, Nor Azwani Mohd Shukri","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.46","url":null,"abstract":"Aims and Design: Telenutrition offers a potentially useful health improvement approach by providing patients with remote online dietary counselling and disease management services. This review protocol will examine how feasible and effective providing online dietary consultation could be through telenutrition. Data Sources: Adhering to the PRISMA-P, articles from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCo, and Scopus databases will be searched using PICOS (population, intervention, comparator, outcome, and study design). Review Methods: The inclusion criteria will be an RCT study design and intervention involving telehealth and telenutrition services, published in English between 1997 and 2022 and in full-text form. The overall risk of bias will be assessed using the Risk of Bias tool developed by the Cochrane Collaboration and the RevMan 5.0 computer program. The latter will be utilised to conduct a meta-analysis. The chosen studies’ heterogeneity will be assessed using a random-effects model and the I2 statistic. Each intervention’s efficacy will be indicated through the statistical significance of the between-group difference (p-value <0.05). The quality of the methodology will be assessed by measuring the RCT design using the Jadad scale, while the evidence quality will be determined using the GRADE system. Results: This review protocol will summarise evidence regarding the feasibility and effectiveness of employing telenutrition for remote dietary consultation. Conference presentations and peer-reviewed journal publications will be how the findings are disseminated. Conclusion and impact: The findings may help to guide the effective implementation of remote dietary consultation services for patients. Trial Registration No: CRD42022340706","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) include obesity and some genetic factors. Obesity involves mild chronic inflammation that predisposes cells to insulin resistance. Two genes that influence obesity and insulin resistance are Proconvertase-1 (PC-1) and resistin (RETN). PC-1 affects the activation of hormones that regulate satiety and hunger. Resistin is one of the inflammatory factors that influence the occurrence of insulin resistance. This study aimed to determine the influence of polymorphism in the PC-1 gene rs1044498 (C>A) and resistin gene RETN + 299 G>A rs3745367 on the risk of diabetes in obese Papua population. Methods: This study involved 58 obese people with T2DM and 58 obese people without DM. We examined the characteristics of blood pressure, lipid profile and insulin resistance by HOMA-IR. The genes examined were PC-1 rs1044498 (C>A) and RETN+ 299 G>A rs3745367 by the PCR-RFLP method. The relationship of gene variations with biochemical parameters was determined with analysis of variance. The results were considered significantly different if P < 0.05. Results: In this study, parameters of diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides and insulin resistance were higher while high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were lower and significantly different in the obese with T2DM group compared to the obese only group. The carrier of the A allele in the PC-1 gene rs1044498 was higher in the obese group than the obese with T2DM but not significantly different in biochemical parameters. Carrier of the AA genotype in the RETN gene + 299 G>A rs3745367 had higher triglycerides and HOMA-IR and lower HDL levels significantly different (P<0.05) than other genotypes in the obesity with T2DM group. Conclusion: PC-1 rs1044498 gene was a risk factor for obesity but not for T2DM, while RETN gene rs3745367 was a risk factor for dyslipidemia and diabetes in obese people in the Papua population.
{"title":"Variation of Proconvertase 1 and Resistin Gene as Risk Factor for Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Obesity Papua Population","authors":"P. Hastuti, A. Sadewa, Jems K. R. Maay","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.37","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) include obesity and some genetic factors. Obesity involves mild chronic inflammation that predisposes cells to insulin resistance. Two genes that influence obesity and insulin resistance are Proconvertase-1 (PC-1) and resistin (RETN). PC-1 affects the activation of hormones that regulate satiety and hunger. Resistin is one of the inflammatory factors that influence the occurrence of insulin resistance. This study aimed to determine the influence of polymorphism in the PC-1 gene rs1044498 (C>A) and resistin gene RETN + 299 G>A rs3745367 on the risk of diabetes in obese Papua population. Methods: This study involved 58 obese people with T2DM and 58 obese people without DM. We examined the characteristics of blood pressure, lipid profile and insulin resistance by HOMA-IR. The genes examined were PC-1 rs1044498 (C>A) and RETN+ 299 G>A rs3745367 by the PCR-RFLP method. The relationship of gene variations with biochemical parameters was determined with analysis of variance. The results were considered significantly different if P < 0.05. Results: In this study, parameters of diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides and insulin resistance were higher while high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were lower and significantly different in the obese with T2DM group compared to the obese only group. The carrier of the A allele in the PC-1 gene rs1044498 was higher in the obese group than the obese with T2DM but not significantly different in biochemical parameters. Carrier of the AA genotype in the RETN gene + 299 G>A rs3745367 had higher triglycerides and HOMA-IR and lower HDL levels significantly different (P<0.05) than other genotypes in the obesity with T2DM group. Conclusion: PC-1 rs1044498 gene was a risk factor for obesity but not for T2DM, while RETN gene rs3745367 was a risk factor for dyslipidemia and diabetes in obese people in the Papua population.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44810163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Nadhira Khairul Azhar, Muhamad Ariff Ibrahim, M. R. T. A Halim, Aida Soraya Shamsuddin, Nuraniza Azahari, Mohd Ahsani A. Malek
Introduction: Numerous factors contributed to the susceptibility of university students to develop mental health issues. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of mental health problems among International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) students and their relationships with diet quality and body mass index (BMI). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 104 students. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to assess students’ depression, anxiety, and stress levels. The Malaysian Healthy Eating Index (M-HEI) was used to assess diet quality. Spearman Rho was used to determine the relationships between variables. Results: Approximately 69.4% (n = 34), 71.4% (n = 35), and 48.9% (n = 34) of male students experienced moderate to extremely severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. In contrast, 85.4% (n = 47), 89.1% (n = 49), and 54.6% (n = 30) of female students had moderate to extremely severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. No correlations were found between diet quality and BMI with students’ mental health problems. For male students, there were negative significant associations reported between fat-rich foods (r = -0.447, p-value = 0.001) and sugar-rich foods (r = -0.332, p-value = 0.020) intake with depression; a positive significant relationship between fruit intake and anxiety (r = 0.284, p-value = 0.048); a positive relationship between fruit intake and stress (r = 0.300, p-value = 0.036); and a negative relationship between fat-rich foods and stress (r = -0.293, p-value = 0.041). Female students only had a significant negative correlation between fish intake and anxiety (r = -0.376, p-value = 0.005). Conclusion: No associations were found between diet quality, BMI, and mental health problems. A more profound comprehension of the connections between risk factors and mental health could lead to new intervention strategies.
{"title":"Prevalence of Mental Health Problems Among University Students and Association With Body Mass Index (BMI) and Diet Quality","authors":"Nur Nadhira Khairul Azhar, Muhamad Ariff Ibrahim, M. R. T. A Halim, Aida Soraya Shamsuddin, Nuraniza Azahari, Mohd Ahsani A. Malek","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Numerous factors contributed to the susceptibility of university students to develop mental health issues. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of mental health problems among International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) students and their relationships with diet quality and body mass index (BMI). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 104 students. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to assess students’ depression, anxiety, and stress levels. The Malaysian Healthy Eating Index (M-HEI) was used to assess diet quality. Spearman Rho was used to determine the relationships between variables. Results: Approximately 69.4% (n = 34), 71.4% (n = 35), and 48.9% (n = 34) of male students experienced moderate to extremely severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. In contrast, 85.4% (n = 47), 89.1% (n = 49), and 54.6% (n = 30) of female students had moderate to extremely severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. No correlations were found between diet quality and BMI with students’ mental health problems. For male students, there were negative significant associations reported between fat-rich foods (r = -0.447, p-value = 0.001) and sugar-rich foods (r = -0.332, p-value = 0.020) intake with depression; a positive significant relationship between fruit intake and anxiety (r = 0.284, p-value = 0.048); a positive relationship between fruit intake and stress (r = 0.300, p-value = 0.036); and a negative relationship between fat-rich foods and stress (r = -0.293, p-value = 0.041). Female students only had a significant negative correlation between fish intake and anxiety (r = -0.376, p-value = 0.005). Conclusion: No associations were found between diet quality, BMI, and mental health problems. A more profound comprehension of the connections between risk factors and mental health could lead to new intervention strategies.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47692399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The HIV epidemic in Malaysia predominantly affects males (90% of total HIV cases) mostly intravenous drugs users. Nevirapine-based of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) once- or twice-daily dosage improve accessibility and effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment for HIV positive intravenous drug users (IDUs) receiving methadone maintenance treatment. Studies reported that concomitant administration of nevirapine with methadone reduced methadone plasma concentration. Since methadone and nevirapine were both known to be the substrate for cytochrome 2B6 (CYP 2B6), concomitant use of both drugs may affect nevirapine concentration too. However, methadone effect on nevirapine concentration is still unclear. This is a cross sectional study which reports how methadone co-administration affects the pharmacokinetic parameters of nevirapine in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Methods: 112 patients receiving nevirapine-based antiretroviral drugs were recruited. Seventeen were maintained with methadone without withdrawal symptoms. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure plasma nevirapine concentrations. Nevirapine population pharmacokinetics was modelled with a non-parametric approach using Pmetrics software. Result: According to univariate analysis, concurrent methadone administration increased the clearance of nevirapine by 25.3% (p = 0.046). Multivariate analysis showed that methadone medication was independently linked with lower nevirapine concentrations and area-under-curve (Cmin was reduced by 15.2%, p = 0.011, Cmax 19.5%; p = 0.003, AUC12 16.2%; p = 0.021 respectively). Conclusion: This study provides in-vivo evidence of methadone co-administration reducing nevirapine exposure. Since a low concentration of nevirapine will lead to treatment failure, monitoring is essential for PLHIV using both medications at the same time.
{"title":"Methadone Reduced Nevirapine Pharmacokinetic Parameters in People Living With HIV in Malaysia","authors":"S. Mustafa, Mahiran Mustafa, W. N. Wan Yusuf","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.32","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The HIV epidemic in Malaysia predominantly affects males (90% of total HIV cases) mostly intravenous drugs users. Nevirapine-based of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) once- or twice-daily dosage improve accessibility and effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment for HIV positive intravenous drug users (IDUs) receiving methadone maintenance treatment. Studies reported that concomitant administration of nevirapine with methadone reduced methadone plasma concentration. Since methadone and nevirapine were both known to be the substrate for cytochrome 2B6 (CYP 2B6), concomitant use of both drugs may affect nevirapine concentration too. However, methadone effect on nevirapine concentration is still unclear. This is a cross sectional study which reports how methadone co-administration affects the pharmacokinetic parameters of nevirapine in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Methods: 112 patients receiving nevirapine-based antiretroviral drugs were recruited. Seventeen were maintained with methadone without withdrawal symptoms. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure plasma nevirapine concentrations. Nevirapine population pharmacokinetics was modelled with a non-parametric approach using Pmetrics software. Result: According to univariate analysis, concurrent methadone administration increased the clearance of nevirapine by 25.3% (p = 0.046). Multivariate analysis showed that methadone medication was independently linked with lower nevirapine concentrations and area-under-curve (Cmin was reduced by 15.2%, p = 0.011, Cmax 19.5%; p = 0.003, AUC12 16.2%; p = 0.021 respectively). Conclusion: This study provides in-vivo evidence of methadone co-administration reducing nevirapine exposure. Since a low concentration of nevirapine will lead to treatment failure, monitoring is essential for PLHIV using both medications at the same time.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43490851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Continuing Education skills will be accomplished when the student is able to direct their own learning needs, by exposing themselves to the art of unswerving assessment of their own learning methods. The aim of this study was to investigate whether self-assessment of student led seminar presentation in a clinical oral medicine topic by undergraduate dental students could be related with faculty assessment. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done among year four undergraduate dental students. The students and the faculty assessed the student`s seminar presentation based on structured rubrics, that were analysed and discussed together. Results: The paired differences with regards to both the assessments were analysed, the p- value was less than 0.05, suggesting that there was significant difference in the marks between student`s and faculty`s assessments and that the students gave more grades to themselves when compared with the faculty. There was no statistical difference in assessment among male and female students. There was considerable difference between the two assessment mean scores among the low achiever group of students. Conclusion: Dental students generally overrated themselves and there was a definite gap between faculty and student assessment which could be bridged through organised and thoughtful training.
{"title":"Analysis of Undergraduate Dental Students’ Self-Assessment and Faculty Assessment of Students’ Structured Seminar Presentation in Clinical Oral Medicine","authors":"Subashini Suyambukesan, G. Perumal","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.27","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Continuing Education skills will be accomplished when the student is able to direct their own learning needs, by exposing themselves to the art of unswerving assessment of their own learning methods. The aim of this study was to investigate whether self-assessment of student led seminar presentation in a clinical oral medicine topic by undergraduate dental students could be related with faculty assessment. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done among year four undergraduate dental students. The students and the faculty assessed the student`s seminar presentation based on structured rubrics, that were analysed and discussed together. Results: The paired differences with regards to both the assessments were analysed, the p- value was less than 0.05, suggesting that there was significant difference in the marks between student`s and faculty`s assessments and that the students gave more grades to themselves when compared with the faculty. There was no statistical difference in assessment among male and female students. There was considerable difference between the two assessment mean scores among the low achiever group of students. Conclusion: Dental students generally overrated themselves and there was a definite gap between faculty and student assessment which could be bridged through organised and thoughtful training.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47510253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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