Increasing input of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been increasing rapidly nowadays. Various wastewater treatment technologies have been studied to remove EDCs in water and wastewater. Due to its high oxidation potential and other benefits over other tertiary wastewater treatments, the establishment of advanced oxidation processes based on sulfate radicals (SR-AOP) has been of attention in recent years. There are numerous activation methods to produce sulfate radicals from peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and peroxydisulfate (PDS) such as ultrasound, transition metals, and the use of carbon catalysts. This review manuscript focuses to provide the latest overview of different methods of PDS and PMS activation and different utilization of this technology focusing on water and wastewater treatment. Besides that, this article also focused on the utilization of carbon-based catalysts as a substitute for metal catalysts as an activator in the SR-AOP process. This review also aims to discuss the perspectives for the biochar-based catalyst application and expand their potential for removing organic pollutants.
{"title":"Sulfate-radicals Advanced Oxidation Processes by Biochar-based Catalysts and Applications in the Degradation of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Wastewater: A Review","authors":"Aida Humaira Sallehuddin, Sabrina Karim","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.40","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing input of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been increasing rapidly nowadays. Various wastewater treatment technologies have been studied to remove EDCs in water and wastewater. Due to its high oxidation potential and other benefits over other tertiary wastewater treatments, the establishment of advanced oxidation processes based on sulfate radicals (SR-AOP) has been of attention in recent years. There are numerous activation methods to produce sulfate radicals from peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and peroxydisulfate (PDS) such as ultrasound, transition metals, and the use of carbon catalysts. This review manuscript focuses to provide the latest overview of different methods of PDS and PMS activation and different utilization of this technology focusing on water and wastewater treatment. Besides that, this article also focused on the utilization of carbon-based catalysts as a substitute for metal catalysts as an activator in the SR-AOP process. This review also aims to discuss the perspectives for the biochar-based catalyst application and expand their potential for removing organic pollutants.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135597730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aida Humaira Sallehuddin, Sabrina Karim, Mohamad Ali Ahmad, Woei Yenn Tong, Noor Aina Mohd Nazri
Introduction: Water pollution caused by dyes is a major problem as it is a toxic chemical that can cause chronic diseases when exposed to humans and aquatic habitats. Sulfate-based advanced oxidation process based on peroxydisulfate (PDS) has received a lot of attention recently for achieving color degradation in wastewater. Transition metal-based homogeneous/heterogeneous catalysts have shown to be a good alternative for the activation of persulfate. Nonetheless, this leads to significant secondary contamination due to metal leaching. Alternatively, nitrogen-doped biochar is a promising non-metal persulfate activator due to its lower cost and more environmentally friendly. Methods: Biochar from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) sludge doped with nitrogen source of urea, ammonium chloride, and melamine was synthesized at a 700°C pyrolysis process and used to activate PDS. The nitrogen content of synthesized POME biochar was altered to ratios of 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 respectively. Batch degradation experiments were then conducted to determine the feasibility of catalytic removal of methylene blue (MB) dye. Results: Based on experimental results, urea-doped biochar showed a greater MB removal compared to ammonium chloride and melamine-doped biochar. Besides that, higher nitrogen-to-biochar ratio increases the MB degradation significantly. A similar trend was demonstrated when a higher urea-doped biochar dosage was utilized. By utilizing 5.0 g of urea-doped biochar, a 100 ± 0.7% degradation of MB was achieved. Conclusion: This research provides an effective method to produce carbon-based catalysts from sludge recovery for activation of PDS, also enhancing the catalytic performance of biochar on MB dye removal by N-doping.
{"title":"Effect of Nitrogen-doped − Palm Oil Mill Effluent Sludge-biochar as Peroxydisulfate Activator on the Removal of Methylene Blue Dye as an Environmental-friendly Approach","authors":"Aida Humaira Sallehuddin, Sabrina Karim, Mohamad Ali Ahmad, Woei Yenn Tong, Noor Aina Mohd Nazri","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Water pollution caused by dyes is a major problem as it is a toxic chemical that can cause chronic diseases when exposed to humans and aquatic habitats. Sulfate-based advanced oxidation process based on peroxydisulfate (PDS) has received a lot of attention recently for achieving color degradation in wastewater. Transition metal-based homogeneous/heterogeneous catalysts have shown to be a good alternative for the activation of persulfate. Nonetheless, this leads to significant secondary contamination due to metal leaching. Alternatively, nitrogen-doped biochar is a promising non-metal persulfate activator due to its lower cost and more environmentally friendly. Methods: Biochar from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) sludge doped with nitrogen source of urea, ammonium chloride, and melamine was synthesized at a 700°C pyrolysis process and used to activate PDS. The nitrogen content of synthesized POME biochar was altered to ratios of 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 respectively. Batch degradation experiments were then conducted to determine the feasibility of catalytic removal of methylene blue (MB) dye. Results: Based on experimental results, urea-doped biochar showed a greater MB removal compared to ammonium chloride and melamine-doped biochar. Besides that, higher nitrogen-to-biochar ratio increases the MB degradation significantly. A similar trend was demonstrated when a higher urea-doped biochar dosage was utilized. By utilizing 5.0 g of urea-doped biochar, a 100 ± 0.7% degradation of MB was achieved. Conclusion: This research provides an effective method to produce carbon-based catalysts from sludge recovery for activation of PDS, also enhancing the catalytic performance of biochar on MB dye removal by N-doping.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shamsol Lot, Abdullah Y. Al-Mahdi, Sandeep Poddar, Mehru Nisha, Ruma Poddar
Introduction: A control programme termed Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course (DOTS) is adopted to promote early TB detection and effective TB treatment. An indicator of a successful DOTS programme is the Sputum Conversion Rate (SCR) which is obtained at the end of the two-month intensive treatment to measure the treatment outcome by SCR. The present study determined the association between several factors and the SCR among TB patients attending the DOTS clinic at the Kinta District Health Office (PKD Kinta) in 2017. Methods: The factors included are sociodemographic factors, physical factors, knowledge, attitude, and practice of TB patients. All groups of 150 sputum smear positive pulmonary TB patients enrolled for treatment at PKD Kinta between January and September 2017 were recruited for this study by the cross-sectional questionnaire method. A statistical analysis was performed to determine the association between the variables and the SCR of the TB patients in the DOTS programme. Results: At the end of the two-month intensive period, an SCR of 96.0% was obtained. According to the statistical analysis of the association among sociodemographic factors and SCR, there are no statistical differences between the variables. Similarly, no association was found between the physical characteristics and SCR in the current study. Conclusion: SCR methods are perfect methods used in regular medicine to monitor TB cases’ treatment. The identification of factors influencing the DOTS programme is critical to ensuring the program’s success in eradicating TB in society.
{"title":"Treatment Outcome Monitoring by Using Sputum Conversion Rate of Tuberculosis Patients in Pkd Kinta, Malaysia","authors":"Shamsol Lot, Abdullah Y. Al-Mahdi, Sandeep Poddar, Mehru Nisha, Ruma Poddar","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A control programme termed Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course (DOTS) is adopted to promote early TB detection and effective TB treatment. An indicator of a successful DOTS programme is the Sputum Conversion Rate (SCR) which is obtained at the end of the two-month intensive treatment to measure the treatment outcome by SCR. The present study determined the association between several factors and the SCR among TB patients attending the DOTS clinic at the Kinta District Health Office (PKD Kinta) in 2017. Methods: The factors included are sociodemographic factors, physical factors, knowledge, attitude, and practice of TB patients. All groups of 150 sputum smear positive pulmonary TB patients enrolled for treatment at PKD Kinta between January and September 2017 were recruited for this study by the cross-sectional questionnaire method. A statistical analysis was performed to determine the association between the variables and the SCR of the TB patients in the DOTS programme. Results: At the end of the two-month intensive period, an SCR of 96.0% was obtained. According to the statistical analysis of the association among sociodemographic factors and SCR, there are no statistical differences between the variables. Similarly, no association was found between the physical characteristics and SCR in the current study. Conclusion: SCR methods are perfect methods used in regular medicine to monitor TB cases’ treatment. The identification of factors influencing the DOTS programme is critical to ensuring the program’s success in eradicating TB in society.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Friska Sinaga, Albertus Budi Arianto, Widiantoro FX, Dian Maharina Florentina, Lidwina Triastuti Listianingsih, Maria Yunita Indriarini, Woei Yenn Tong
Introduction: Little is known about changes in levels of psychological and behavior impact and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic among nursing students. This study investigated nursing students’ emotional and behavioral responses and coping strategies against COVID-19. Methods: A university online survey was used to collect demographic information, a history of contact with people who had the COVID-19 for 14 days, emotional and behavioural response scales, and to modify the Brief COPE to assess coping strategies. One-way ANOVAs were used to compare the mean emotional and behavioral responses and coping strategy scores. Results: A total of 396 valid and complete questionnaires were retrieved, with a response rate of 96.59%. The mean ages ranged from 19 to 45 years old (M = 24.14, SD ± 3.68), and the majority were female (n = 245, 61.9%). Nursing students have lower scores of problem-focused copings (M = 1.42, SD ± 0.30), emotional-focused coping (M = 2.00, SD ± 0.26), but higher scores of avoidant coping (M = 2.92, SD ± 0.51). The anxiety and fear were significantly different in relation to age, smoking, and drinking warm water habits, and there was no family history of chronic illness. Problem-focused coping proved to be the influencing factor (R2 = 0.381) for students’ anxiety (β = 0.045, p = 0.004), fear (β = 0.309, p = 0.000), and anger (β =- 0.273, p = 0.000). Conclusion: These results could serve as evidence that hospitals or nursing homes could provide psychological support to students by providing timely psychological assistance, training in coping strategies, and taking a variety of interventions to create an optimistic environment and guarantee personal safety for students.
{"title":"Emotional and Behavioral Response and Coping Strategies of Nursing Students During Covid-19 Epidemic: A Longitudinal Study","authors":"Friska Sinaga, Albertus Budi Arianto, Widiantoro FX, Dian Maharina Florentina, Lidwina Triastuti Listianingsih, Maria Yunita Indriarini, Woei Yenn Tong","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.17","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Little is known about changes in levels of psychological and behavior impact and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic among nursing students. This study investigated nursing students’ emotional and behavioral responses and coping strategies against COVID-19. Methods: A university online survey was used to collect demographic information, a history of contact with people who had the COVID-19 for 14 days, emotional and behavioural response scales, and to modify the Brief COPE to assess coping strategies. One-way ANOVAs were used to compare the mean emotional and behavioral responses and coping strategy scores. Results: A total of 396 valid and complete questionnaires were retrieved, with a response rate of 96.59%. The mean ages ranged from 19 to 45 years old (M = 24.14, SD ± 3.68), and the majority were female (n = 245, 61.9%). Nursing students have lower scores of problem-focused copings (M = 1.42, SD ± 0.30), emotional-focused coping (M = 2.00, SD ± 0.26), but higher scores of avoidant coping (M = 2.92, SD ± 0.51). The anxiety and fear were significantly different in relation to age, smoking, and drinking warm water habits, and there was no family history of chronic illness. Problem-focused coping proved to be the influencing factor (R2 = 0.381) for students’ anxiety (β = 0.045, p = 0.004), fear (β = 0.309, p = 0.000), and anger (β =- 0.273, p = 0.000). Conclusion: These results could serve as evidence that hospitals or nursing homes could provide psychological support to students by providing timely psychological assistance, training in coping strategies, and taking a variety of interventions to create an optimistic environment and guarantee personal safety for students.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Woei Yenn Tong, Nurul Fatin Farzana Mohd Hashim, Lee Saa Lim, Chean Ring Leong, Wen-Nee Tan
Introduction: Sesame (Sesamum indicum) is an oil-producing plant, with seeds that contain 50 to 60% oil and 25% protein. Sesame oil is widely used as a seasoning in Asian cuisine due to its flavour and aroma. It contains a high concentration of bioactive compounds, particularly lignans, vitamin E, and phytosterols. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Ghee Hiang sesame oil extract. Methods: The sesame oil was provided by Ghee Hiang Manufacturing Co., Penang, Malaysia. The sesame oil was then extracted with methanol using liquid partitioning method. The antibacterial activity of the sesame oil extract was determined on disc diffusion and broth microdilution assays. Then, the antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Results: Out of 8 test microorganisms, 4 Gram positive bacteria and 2 Gram negative bacteria were susceptible to the extract. The antibacterial activity was broad spectrum. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the sesame oil extract ranged from 3.1 to 12.5 mg/mL, where the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) ranged from 6.3 to 25.0 mg/mL. The MBCs were significantly higher than MIC. DPPH scavenging activity of sesame oil extract was concentration dependent. The sesame oil extract at 1000 µg/mL showed the highest antioxidant activity, and an IC50 of 120.9 µg/mL was recorded. Conclusion: Ghee Hiang sesame oil extract showed significant antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Further investigations should be done to determine the bioactive entities present in the extract.
{"title":"Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Ghee Hiang Sesame Oil Extract","authors":"Woei Yenn Tong, Nurul Fatin Farzana Mohd Hashim, Lee Saa Lim, Chean Ring Leong, Wen-Nee Tan","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.11","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sesame (Sesamum indicum) is an oil-producing plant, with seeds that contain 50 to 60% oil and 25% protein. Sesame oil is widely used as a seasoning in Asian cuisine due to its flavour and aroma. It contains a high concentration of bioactive compounds, particularly lignans, vitamin E, and phytosterols. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Ghee Hiang sesame oil extract. Methods: The sesame oil was provided by Ghee Hiang Manufacturing Co., Penang, Malaysia. The sesame oil was then extracted with methanol using liquid partitioning method. The antibacterial activity of the sesame oil extract was determined on disc diffusion and broth microdilution assays. Then, the antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Results: Out of 8 test microorganisms, 4 Gram positive bacteria and 2 Gram negative bacteria were susceptible to the extract. The antibacterial activity was broad spectrum. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the sesame oil extract ranged from 3.1 to 12.5 mg/mL, where the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) ranged from 6.3 to 25.0 mg/mL. The MBCs were significantly higher than MIC. DPPH scavenging activity of sesame oil extract was concentration dependent. The sesame oil extract at 1000 µg/mL showed the highest antioxidant activity, and an IC50 of 120.9 µg/mL was recorded. Conclusion: Ghee Hiang sesame oil extract showed significant antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Further investigations should be done to determine the bioactive entities present in the extract.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135597729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: In comparison to other countries, Indonesia has higher birth rates. Chronic malnutrition, which results from inadequate dietary intake over a long period of time due to improper feeding practises, causes a condition known as stunting. This research aims to understand the perception and opinion of the compass model through its effectiveness in monitoring toddler growth. Methods: In this research, the qualitative method is used. The qualitative data is collected by conducting interview sessions with informants. Results: The result was obtained from an interview with experts. With all the benefits and ease of using Compass, mothers could be aware of and care for their children’s growth and development. Conclusion: The Compass Model is helpful as a new tool for mothers to monitor the growth of their children because it is easy to use and understand for midwives and mothers, who can read the result of the change.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Perceiving and Opinion of the Compass Model in Monitoring the Toddlers’ Growth","authors":"Elsarika Damanik, Santhana Lecthmi Panduragan, Samsiah Mat, Taruli Rohana Sinaga, Rinawati Sembiring, Agnes Purba, Jack Amidos Pardede, Sandeep Poddar","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In comparison to other countries, Indonesia has higher birth rates. Chronic malnutrition, which results from inadequate dietary intake over a long period of time due to improper feeding practises, causes a condition known as stunting. This research aims to understand the perception and opinion of the compass model through its effectiveness in monitoring toddler growth. Methods: In this research, the qualitative method is used. The qualitative data is collected by conducting interview sessions with informants. Results: The result was obtained from an interview with experts. With all the benefits and ease of using Compass, mothers could be aware of and care for their children’s growth and development. Conclusion: The Compass Model is helpful as a new tool for mothers to monitor the growth of their children because it is easy to use and understand for midwives and mothers, who can read the result of the change.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kharul Azmi Muazzam Abdul Rahman, Mohd Shaiful Azman Abdul Rahim, Kamarul Zaman Zarkasi, Darah Ibrahim
Introduction: Exploring endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal herbs could be a turning point in the research of secondary metabolites biosynthesis, as these endophytic fungi are capable of synthesizing the similar compounds as their host plant. The advantages of manipulating endophytic fungi for bioactive compound production are the reduction of dependency rate on slow-growing and rare plants, cost-effective, continuous process, environmentally friendly and high yield in a short period. Thus, the current study envisages investigating the influence of culture conditions against the anti-MRSA potential production of the endophytic fungal isolate, Ceratobasidium ramicola IBRLCM127 isolated from the local medicinal plant Curcuma mangga Valeton & Zijp. Methods: The endophytic fungal isolate was used to produce fungal metabolites through submerged fermentation. The physical parameter improvement was investigated using the ‘one-factor-at-a-time’ technique. The fungal fermentative broth was subjected to an anti-MRSA assay using Lorian method, whereas the growth of a fungus was determined based on the cell growth weight. Results: The highest anti-MRSA potential of 42.50±0.1 U/ml and 5.49±0.1 g/L of mycelial growth was observed after improving the basal medium containing yeast extract sucrose broth incorporated with water extract from the host plant, 6 days old of inoculum age, 2 agar plugs of mycelia, incubation temperature of 25 0C and 12 days of cultivation 12 days of cultivation shaken at 120 rpm in the absence of light. Conclusion: The improved culture conditions shorten the incubation period and yield a significant enhancement of anti-MRSA potential and fungal growth with 13.27% and 10.91%, respectively.
{"title":"Enhancement of Anti-MRSA Potential Produced by an Endophytic Fungus Ceratobasidium Ramicola IBRLCM127 via Submerged Fermentation System","authors":"Kharul Azmi Muazzam Abdul Rahman, Mohd Shaiful Azman Abdul Rahim, Kamarul Zaman Zarkasi, Darah Ibrahim","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.10","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Exploring endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal herbs could be a turning point in the research of secondary metabolites biosynthesis, as these endophytic fungi are capable of synthesizing the similar compounds as their host plant. The advantages of manipulating endophytic fungi for bioactive compound production are the reduction of dependency rate on slow-growing and rare plants, cost-effective, continuous process, environmentally friendly and high yield in a short period. Thus, the current study envisages investigating the influence of culture conditions against the anti-MRSA potential production of the endophytic fungal isolate, Ceratobasidium ramicola IBRLCM127 isolated from the local medicinal plant Curcuma mangga Valeton & Zijp. Methods: The endophytic fungal isolate was used to produce fungal metabolites through submerged fermentation. The physical parameter improvement was investigated using the ‘one-factor-at-a-time’ technique. The fungal fermentative broth was subjected to an anti-MRSA assay using Lorian method, whereas the growth of a fungus was determined based on the cell growth weight. Results: The highest anti-MRSA potential of 42.50±0.1 U/ml and 5.49±0.1 g/L of mycelial growth was observed after improving the basal medium containing yeast extract sucrose broth incorporated with water extract from the host plant, 6 days old of inoculum age, 2 agar plugs of mycelia, incubation temperature of 25 0C and 12 days of cultivation 12 days of cultivation shaken at 120 rpm in the absence of light. Conclusion: The improved culture conditions shorten the incubation period and yield a significant enhancement of anti-MRSA potential and fungal growth with 13.27% and 10.91%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Yee Lim, Hemaniswarri Dewi Dewadas, Norliza Shah Jehan Muttiah, Hock Tey Lai, Kokila Thiagarajah
Introduction: Medicinal plants have always been in the spotlight of drug discoveries attributing to their effectiveness and minimal side effects. Durio zibethinus Linn (D197) leaves stand out with decent advantageous therapeutic effects apart from abundantly employed in traditional treatment. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents as well as the cytotoxicity of Durio zibethinus Linn (D197) leaf extracts. Methods: Extraction of the leaves was performed using hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and 70% aqueous methanol respectively via maceration. Extracts were screened for antioxidant potential using DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity, total phenolic content using Folin-Ciocalteu Assay, total flavonoid content using aluminium chloride colourimetric method, and cytotoxic properties on cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cell line using MTT Assay. Results: Methanol demonstrated the highest percentage of extraction yield (2.73%) and the highest potency in DPPH free radical scavenging with EC50 value of 304.29 µg/mL followed by aqueous methanol (441.25 µg/mL), ethyl acetate (556.71 µg/mL) and hexane (>600 µg/mL). Highest effectiveness in phenolic compounds extraction was demonstrated by methanol (141.03 µg GAE/mg) followed by aqueous methanol (63.08 µg GAE/mg), ethyl acetate (41.79 µg GAE/mg) and hexane (36.92 µg GAE/mg). As for the total flavonoid content, high effectiveness of flavonoid extraction was exhibited by ethyl acetate (166.19 µg QE/mg) as compared to hexane (94.76 µg QE/mg), methanol (17.62 µg QE/mg) and aqueous methanol (13.81 µg QE/mg). Ethyl acetate emerged as the most potent extract in inhibiting HeLa cells with IC50 values of 19.95 µg/mL, 30.07 µg/mL and 23.42 µg/mL for 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively. Conclusion: Durio zibethinus Linn (D197) leaf extracts showed antioxidant and cytotoxic activities and thus, further studies are essential for development of possible cancer treatment.
{"title":"Preliminary Screening of Durio Zibethinus Linn (D197) Leaf Extracts for Its Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity on Cervix Adenocarcinoma (HELA) Cancer Cell Line","authors":"Wei Yee Lim, Hemaniswarri Dewi Dewadas, Norliza Shah Jehan Muttiah, Hock Tey Lai, Kokila Thiagarajah","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Medicinal plants have always been in the spotlight of drug discoveries attributing to their effectiveness and minimal side effects. Durio zibethinus Linn (D197) leaves stand out with decent advantageous therapeutic effects apart from abundantly employed in traditional treatment. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents as well as the cytotoxicity of Durio zibethinus Linn (D197) leaf extracts. Methods: Extraction of the leaves was performed using hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and 70% aqueous methanol respectively via maceration. Extracts were screened for antioxidant potential using DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity, total phenolic content using Folin-Ciocalteu Assay, total flavonoid content using aluminium chloride colourimetric method, and cytotoxic properties on cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cell line using MTT Assay. Results: Methanol demonstrated the highest percentage of extraction yield (2.73%) and the highest potency in DPPH free radical scavenging with EC50 value of 304.29 µg/mL followed by aqueous methanol (441.25 µg/mL), ethyl acetate (556.71 µg/mL) and hexane (>600 µg/mL). Highest effectiveness in phenolic compounds extraction was demonstrated by methanol (141.03 µg GAE/mg) followed by aqueous methanol (63.08 µg GAE/mg), ethyl acetate (41.79 µg GAE/mg) and hexane (36.92 µg GAE/mg). As for the total flavonoid content, high effectiveness of flavonoid extraction was exhibited by ethyl acetate (166.19 µg QE/mg) as compared to hexane (94.76 µg QE/mg), methanol (17.62 µg QE/mg) and aqueous methanol (13.81 µg QE/mg). Ethyl acetate emerged as the most potent extract in inhibiting HeLa cells with IC50 values of 19.95 µg/mL, 30.07 µg/mL and 23.42 µg/mL for 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively. Conclusion: Durio zibethinus Linn (D197) leaf extracts showed antioxidant and cytotoxic activities and thus, further studies are essential for development of possible cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Pneumonia is inflammation in the lung parenchyma. Inflammation occurs due to infection by various organisms like bacteria, viruses, and others. This infection eventually causes the emergence of several signs and symptoms. Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime are antibiotics that are commonly and effectively used in the treatment of pneumonia. Methods: The purpose of this study is to determine the total cost of pneumonia treatment provided during hospitalization at RSUD Bekasi City. This research uses the method descriptive research with data retrieval retrospectively. The sample in this research totaled 68 patients, 34 patients used ceftriaxone antibiotics and 34 patients used cefotaxime antibiotics. Results: Cefotaxime antibiotic therapy is a more cost-effective therapy compared to Ceftriaxone. This study found the effectiveness of Ceftriaxone 88% and Cefotaxime 70% but did not reach 100% effectiveness due to the large number of patients whose length of stay (LOS) and respiration rate (RR) did not reach the target. The result showed that the average cost of treating patients with Ceftriaxone was Idr 2,171,651 and the average cost of treating patients with Cefotaxime was Idr 2,467,422. Conclusion: Ceftriaxone antibiotic therapy is a more cost-effective therapy compared to Cefotaxime which can be, seen from the ACER Ceftriaxone value of IRp. 24,677 and ICER value of Rp. -16,431.651 and the average cost of treating patients using Cefotaxime was Idr 2,467,422.
{"title":"Cost Effectiveness Analysis Treatment of Pediatric Pneumonia Antibiotic Ceftriaxon and Cefotaxime at Dr. Chasbullah Abdulmadjid Hospital","authors":"Ninda Laelasari, Maratun Shoaliha, Fauziah H Wada, Ashar Prima, Sandeep Poddar","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.15","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pneumonia is inflammation in the lung parenchyma. Inflammation occurs due to infection by various organisms like bacteria, viruses, and others. This infection eventually causes the emergence of several signs and symptoms. Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime are antibiotics that are commonly and effectively used in the treatment of pneumonia. Methods: The purpose of this study is to determine the total cost of pneumonia treatment provided during hospitalization at RSUD Bekasi City. This research uses the method descriptive research with data retrieval retrospectively. The sample in this research totaled 68 patients, 34 patients used ceftriaxone antibiotics and 34 patients used cefotaxime antibiotics. Results: Cefotaxime antibiotic therapy is a more cost-effective therapy compared to Ceftriaxone. This study found the effectiveness of Ceftriaxone 88% and Cefotaxime 70% but did not reach 100% effectiveness due to the large number of patients whose length of stay (LOS) and respiration rate (RR) did not reach the target. The result showed that the average cost of treating patients with Ceftriaxone was Idr 2,171,651 and the average cost of treating patients with Cefotaxime was Idr 2,467,422. Conclusion: Ceftriaxone antibiotic therapy is a more cost-effective therapy compared to Cefotaxime which can be, seen from the ACER Ceftriaxone value of IRp. 24,677 and ICER value of Rp. -16,431.651 and the average cost of treating patients using Cefotaxime was Idr 2,467,422.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Anxiety is one of the psychological effects of the COVID-19 epidemic on adolescents. The study examines the connection between teen anxiety during a pandemic and Covid-19 transmission prevention. Methods: Using a cross-sectional approach, this is descriptive correlation research. 168 Indonesian high school students in grades 7 through 12 made up the study’s entire sample. It was done through inadvertent sampling. The tool utilized was a questionnaire with 13 questions about adolescents’ understanding of Covid-19, including 10 questions about transmission anxiety. Results: In the transitional phase, teenagers’ anxiety was linked to the avoidance of Covid-19 transfer, according to a Spearman rank analysis (p 0.034; 0.05). Conclusion: Adolescents may feel anxious when they adapt to new routines. This is significantly related to actions taken to stop the spread of Covid-19.
{"title":"Relationship Between COVID-19 Preventive Measures and Adolescent Anxiety Levels During the Transition Period","authors":"Indah Puspitasari, Meria Woro Listyorini, Ashar Prima, Asih Minarningtyas, Meivi Sesanelvira Achiroh Dinul Islam, Sandeep Poddar","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.24","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anxiety is one of the psychological effects of the COVID-19 epidemic on adolescents. The study examines the connection between teen anxiety during a pandemic and Covid-19 transmission prevention. Methods: Using a cross-sectional approach, this is descriptive correlation research. 168 Indonesian high school students in grades 7 through 12 made up the study’s entire sample. It was done through inadvertent sampling. The tool utilized was a questionnaire with 13 questions about adolescents’ understanding of Covid-19, including 10 questions about transmission anxiety. Results: In the transitional phase, teenagers’ anxiety was linked to the avoidance of Covid-19 transfer, according to a Spearman rank analysis (p 0.034; 0.05). Conclusion: Adolescents may feel anxious when they adapt to new routines. This is significantly related to actions taken to stop the spread of Covid-19.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135597728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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