Introduction: Viral hepatitis affects millions of individuals, and millions more are at risk. Most persons who were chronically infected with HBV or HCV long ago are unaware of it. They have a significant risk of suffering from severe chronic liver problems and may unintentionally spread the virus to others. Methods: The research methodology theory used in this study refers to deductive and inductive theory models. The study was conducted in Medan City. The analysis unit in this study is a health institution of the government in North Sumatra province (policymakers), the head of the hepatitis control programme, the, holder of the hepatitis control program of Health Office of Medan Municipal, and laboratory officer of the hepatitis B examination in pregnant women in Primary Health Care in Medan city. Results: From the results of the study, an overview of the characteristics of participants of the Hepatitis B program among in pregnant women was obtained. The following is an overview of the participants. Conclusion: Changing the officers frequently for this project is an obstacle in the follow-up of the control program for pregnant women. Mutations in the dedicated officer for pregnant women impact the process of re-recruiting new officers who require increased understanding and skills to carry out early detection, early alertness, and management activities for the implementation of early detection of Hepatitis B in pregnant women. The understanding and competence of new officers of the Hepatitis B program for pregnant women must be reinforced from the beginning through mentoring and skills training activities.
{"title":"Characteristic of Participants the Officers of the Hepatitis B Program for Pregnant Women at a Primary Health Care Central Medan City","authors":"Rohana Sinaga Taruli, Santhana Lecthmi Panduragan, Agnes Purba, Rinawati Sembiring, Elsarika Damanik","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.8","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Viral hepatitis affects millions of individuals, and millions more are at risk. Most persons who were chronically infected with HBV or HCV long ago are unaware of it. They have a significant risk of suffering from severe chronic liver problems and may unintentionally spread the virus to others. Methods: The research methodology theory used in this study refers to deductive and inductive theory models. The study was conducted in Medan City. The analysis unit in this study is a health institution of the government in North Sumatra province (policymakers), the head of the hepatitis control programme, the, holder of the hepatitis control program of Health Office of Medan Municipal, and laboratory officer of the hepatitis B examination in pregnant women in Primary Health Care in Medan city. Results: From the results of the study, an overview of the characteristics of participants of the Hepatitis B program among in pregnant women was obtained. The following is an overview of the participants. Conclusion: Changing the officers frequently for this project is an obstacle in the follow-up of the control program for pregnant women. Mutations in the dedicated officer for pregnant women impact the process of re-recruiting new officers who require increased understanding and skills to carry out early detection, early alertness, and management activities for the implementation of early detection of Hepatitis B in pregnant women. The understanding and competence of new officers of the Hepatitis B program for pregnant women must be reinforced from the beginning through mentoring and skills training activities.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Afrina Jamaludin, Siti Fatimah Zaharah Mohd Fuzi, Mohd Ifwat Mohd Ghazali, Mohd Irwan Juki, Abdullah Faisal Abdulaziz Al-Shalif, Norzila Othman
Introduction: Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a biopolymer that can be produced by microorganisms from numerous low-cost carbon sources, making it an environmentally friendly material. This study was designed to utilize different food waste (household food waste, spent oils and spent coffee grounds) as nutrient source for the cultivation of microbes to produce polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). Methods: The bacterial strain Bacillus tequilensis was grown in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask each containing 50 mL of mineral salt medium, 25 ml of nutrient broth inoculum and 20 g/L of household food waste, spent ground coffee and spent oils, respectively. The initial pH of the media was 7.0 and the cultured bacteria was incubated at 30 °C, 180 rpm for 72 h as a batch culture. The sample was then extracted and weight, and further analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results: B. tequilensis yielded PHA of 7 % to 8 % (g PHA/g dry cell weight) on average using medium containing household food waste, spent ground coffee and spent oils. FTIR analysis showed the peaks range between 1750-1730 cm-1 which belong to PHA functional groups such as C=O. HPLC chromatogram revealed that the retention time obtained from digested PHA was approximately 4.5 min which was similar to the standard of PHA. Conclusion: This enables the utilization of low-cost waste by probiotic B. tequilensis as a carbon source for the sustainable production of biodegradable PHA for a wide range of applications in medicine.
{"title":"Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) by Probiotic Bacteria Bacillus tequilensis for Potentially Used as Drug Carrier","authors":"Nur Afrina Jamaludin, Siti Fatimah Zaharah Mohd Fuzi, Mohd Ifwat Mohd Ghazali, Mohd Irwan Juki, Abdullah Faisal Abdulaziz Al-Shalif, Norzila Othman","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a biopolymer that can be produced by microorganisms from numerous low-cost carbon sources, making it an environmentally friendly material. This study was designed to utilize different food waste (household food waste, spent oils and spent coffee grounds) as nutrient source for the cultivation of microbes to produce polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). Methods: The bacterial strain Bacillus tequilensis was grown in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask each containing 50 mL of mineral salt medium, 25 ml of nutrient broth inoculum and 20 g/L of household food waste, spent ground coffee and spent oils, respectively. The initial pH of the media was 7.0 and the cultured bacteria was incubated at 30 °C, 180 rpm for 72 h as a batch culture. The sample was then extracted and weight, and further analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results: B. tequilensis yielded PHA of 7 % to 8 % (g PHA/g dry cell weight) on average using medium containing household food waste, spent ground coffee and spent oils. FTIR analysis showed the peaks range between 1750-1730 cm-1 which belong to PHA functional groups such as C=O. HPLC chromatogram revealed that the retention time obtained from digested PHA was approximately 4.5 min which was similar to the standard of PHA. Conclusion: This enables the utilization of low-cost waste by probiotic B. tequilensis as a carbon source for the sustainable production of biodegradable PHA for a wide range of applications in medicine.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehru Nisha, Intan Sufinaz Daud, Nurul Nadiah Ab Talib
Introduction: The emergence of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has had the Malaysian Authorities enforce strict actions and tactical strategies to control the widespread disease. Education was one of the sectors greatly affected during that period. Hence, this survey was carried out to investigate the challenges in adapting to the new norms of which academicians and students face in teaching and learning Parasitology subjects in Malaysia. Methods: The qualitative explorative questionnaires (online survey) were administered to academicians and students who volunteered to participate in this study from February 2021 till April 2021 via Google form. Results: Based on the results gathered from pools of academicians and students (n=142), many academicians prefer the online teaching method (60%) over the physical, face-to-face teaching method. Surprisingly, 60% of the lecturers and 75.5% students were neutral on the question whether virtual online practical lesson is efficient as a live session for teaching. The current study has found that the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown had varying degrees of impact on most participants’ academic achievement. Conclusion: Online teaching offers more freedom to lecturers and students to learn at their own paces and spaces. The recommendations from academicians and students indicated that they welcomed and were comfortable with online learning methods for Parasitology subjects in the future. However, as the laboratory practical, they prefer it to be held via physical (face- to face) sessions.
{"title":"Adapting to the New Normal: The Teaching and Learning of Parasitology Course During Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Mehru Nisha, Intan Sufinaz Daud, Nurul Nadiah Ab Talib","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.26","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The emergence of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has had the Malaysian Authorities enforce strict actions and tactical strategies to control the widespread disease. Education was one of the sectors greatly affected during that period. Hence, this survey was carried out to investigate the challenges in adapting to the new norms of which academicians and students face in teaching and learning Parasitology subjects in Malaysia. Methods: The qualitative explorative questionnaires (online survey) were administered to academicians and students who volunteered to participate in this study from February 2021 till April 2021 via Google form. Results: Based on the results gathered from pools of academicians and students (n=142), many academicians prefer the online teaching method (60%) over the physical, face-to-face teaching method. Surprisingly, 60% of the lecturers and 75.5% students were neutral on the question whether virtual online practical lesson is efficient as a live session for teaching. The current study has found that the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown had varying degrees of impact on most participants’ academic achievement. Conclusion: Online teaching offers more freedom to lecturers and students to learn at their own paces and spaces. The recommendations from academicians and students indicated that they welcomed and were comfortable with online learning methods for Parasitology subjects in the future. However, as the laboratory practical, they prefer it to be held via physical (face- to face) sessions.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The elderly population has become a global phenomenon. Almost every country in the world is experiencing an increase in the elderly population There are 703 million people in the world who are 65 or older. An elderly person will require more time to fall asleep and will experience less or shorter deep sleep. Factors that affect sleep disorders include age, history of illness, drinking coffee, and smoking cigarettes. To improve sleep quality in the elderly, a deep breathing relaxation technique, specifically the box breathing relaxation technique, is required. Aim: Research to identify the effect of box breathing on sleep disorders in the elderly at Tresna Werdha Social Institution, Bekasi City. Methods: In this, the quasi-experiment design was employed, which included a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design with an intervention group and a control group. The sample size in this study was 62 respondents and was divided into two groups, including 31 elderly people in the intervention group and 31 respondents in the control group. Results: It can be seen that the average difference in posttest minus pretest scores (posttest-pretest) or expressed as ∆ mean in the intervention group of 5.29 and in the control group of 0.32. With a p value of 0.000 (p>0.05), there are statistically significant differences in social sleep disorder in the elderly in Tresna Werdha Bekasi City in 2022 between the intervention and control groups. Conclusion: The box breathing technique can be an effective intervention to improve sleep quality in elderly individuals. The results showed a statistically significant improvement in sleep quality.
{"title":"The Effect of Box Breathing on Sleep Disorders in Elderly at Tresna Werdha Social Institution","authors":"Amzal Mortin Andas, Tukimin Sansuwito, Faridah Mohd Said, Indah Puspitasari, Ashar Prima, Netty Huzniati Andas","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.29","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The elderly population has become a global phenomenon. Almost every country in the world is experiencing an increase in the elderly population There are 703 million people in the world who are 65 or older. An elderly person will require more time to fall asleep and will experience less or shorter deep sleep. Factors that affect sleep disorders include age, history of illness, drinking coffee, and smoking cigarettes. To improve sleep quality in the elderly, a deep breathing relaxation technique, specifically the box breathing relaxation technique, is required. Aim: Research to identify the effect of box breathing on sleep disorders in the elderly at Tresna Werdha Social Institution, Bekasi City. Methods: In this, the quasi-experiment design was employed, which included a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design with an intervention group and a control group. The sample size in this study was 62 respondents and was divided into two groups, including 31 elderly people in the intervention group and 31 respondents in the control group. Results: It can be seen that the average difference in posttest minus pretest scores (posttest-pretest) or expressed as ∆ mean in the intervention group of 5.29 and in the control group of 0.32. With a p value of 0.000 (p>0.05), there are statistically significant differences in social sleep disorder in the elderly in Tresna Werdha Bekasi City in 2022 between the intervention and control groups. Conclusion: The box breathing technique can be an effective intervention to improve sleep quality in elderly individuals. The results showed a statistically significant improvement in sleep quality.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Priscilla Das, Nyi Nyi Naing, Nadiah Wan Arfah, KON Noorjan, Yee Cheng Kueh, Kantha Rasalingam
Introduction: The study aimed to examine the structural relationship of major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorder, various mental diseases, quality of life, coping methods, and other variables in patient with brain pathology and hematological cancer patients. Methods: A total of (n=215) samples were included in the structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses. The analyses were done with brain pathology patients (110) and haematological cancer patients (105). Results: In the current study, the multivariate normality kurtosis was 9.112 with c.r = 3.950 obtained in this SEM model. In the SEM model, the global health status towards MDD can explain about 30% of the variance. The global health status score was found to have a significant positive association with self-distraction coping styles, gender, and emotional functioning. Gender has a significant positive association with global health status, indicating that male patients have improved overall health. In terms of severity of MDD the positive correlation was found with panic disorder life time. Emotional functioning, self distraction and global health status were shown to have a significant and inverse relationship with the severity of MDD (p<0.05). Conclusion: The severity of MDD was found to have a strong and detrimental association with cancer types indicating the brain pathology patients tends to have more severity of depression compared to haematological cancer patients.
{"title":"Structural Relationship of Psychiatric Disorders, Quality of Life, Coping Styles and Their Associated Factors Among Brain Pathology Patients and Hematological Cancer Patients","authors":"Priscilla Das, Nyi Nyi Naing, Nadiah Wan Arfah, KON Noorjan, Yee Cheng Kueh, Kantha Rasalingam","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The study aimed to examine the structural relationship of major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorder, various mental diseases, quality of life, coping methods, and other variables in patient with brain pathology and hematological cancer patients. Methods: A total of (n=215) samples were included in the structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses. The analyses were done with brain pathology patients (110) and haematological cancer patients (105). Results: In the current study, the multivariate normality kurtosis was 9.112 with c.r = 3.950 obtained in this SEM model. In the SEM model, the global health status towards MDD can explain about 30% of the variance. The global health status score was found to have a significant positive association with self-distraction coping styles, gender, and emotional functioning. Gender has a significant positive association with global health status, indicating that male patients have improved overall health. In terms of severity of MDD the positive correlation was found with panic disorder life time. Emotional functioning, self distraction and global health status were shown to have a significant and inverse relationship with the severity of MDD (p<0.05). Conclusion: The severity of MDD was found to have a strong and detrimental association with cancer types indicating the brain pathology patients tends to have more severity of depression compared to haematological cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135597731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalia Shania Francis, Yang Mooi Lim, Sumaiyah Mat, Lai Kuan Teh, Joe Joachimdass Raphael, Annaletchumy Loganathan
Introduction: Introduction: Globally, there is a growing interest of herbs usage among hypertensive patients. The aim of study was to investigate thirty-minute ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), blood biochemistry measurements and associated factors among hypertensive adults using herbs. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among hypertensive adults complementing herbs and attending primary care clinics in Kinta Valley, Perak. Data was collected using standard International Complementary and Alternative Medicine Questionnaire (I-CAMQ) and measurements of thirty-minute ABP and blood biochemistry were conducted using ambulatory blood pressure monitor and point of care units respectively. Results: A total of 86 hypertensive adults using 55 herb combinations were recruited. 80.3% commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, ulam and fenugreek for more than one year. The median age of the participants was 63. The participants complementing herbs had means’ for waist-hip ratio and BMI in the high (0.92 ± 0.07) and overweight (27.14 ± 5.63) range respectively. Mean ± SD reading of systolic blood pressure was 138 ± 14.27 mm/Hg and 81.4% had normal hemoglobin levels. The mean ± SD of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein were normal; 166.81 ± 39.40 mg/dl and 85.15 ± 34.34 mg/dl with higher triglyceride readings 181.02 ± 61.24 mg/dl. SBP (>140 mm/Hg) and age range 61-70, waist/hip ratio (high risk for CVDs) among females and Malay ethnicity were associated with higher TC (p=0.003), HDL (p=0.006), LDL (p=0.001) and Chol/HDL (p=0.036). Conclusion: Complementing drugs with herbs associated with patients aged above 60, females and the Malay ethnicity. The patients’ attitude of complementing drugs with herbs showed no impact on the measured physiological and biochemical parameters. A randomized controlled trial with a fixed herb regime is warranted.
{"title":"Thirty-minute Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Blood Biochemistry Measurements in Adults With Hypertension Using Herbs: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Natalia Shania Francis, Yang Mooi Lim, Sumaiyah Mat, Lai Kuan Teh, Joe Joachimdass Raphael, Annaletchumy Loganathan","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.30","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Introduction: Globally, there is a growing interest of herbs usage among hypertensive patients. The aim of study was to investigate thirty-minute ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), blood biochemistry measurements and associated factors among hypertensive adults using herbs. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among hypertensive adults complementing herbs and attending primary care clinics in Kinta Valley, Perak. Data was collected using standard International Complementary and Alternative Medicine Questionnaire (I-CAMQ) and measurements of thirty-minute ABP and blood biochemistry were conducted using ambulatory blood pressure monitor and point of care units respectively. Results: A total of 86 hypertensive adults using 55 herb combinations were recruited. 80.3% commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, ulam and fenugreek for more than one year. The median age of the participants was 63. The participants complementing herbs had means’ for waist-hip ratio and BMI in the high (0.92 ± 0.07) and overweight (27.14 ± 5.63) range respectively. Mean ± SD reading of systolic blood pressure was 138 ± 14.27 mm/Hg and 81.4% had normal hemoglobin levels. The mean ± SD of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein were normal; 166.81 ± 39.40 mg/dl and 85.15 ± 34.34 mg/dl with higher triglyceride readings 181.02 ± 61.24 mg/dl. SBP (>140 mm/Hg) and age range 61-70, waist/hip ratio (high risk for CVDs) among females and Malay ethnicity were associated with higher TC (p=0.003), HDL (p=0.006), LDL (p=0.001) and Chol/HDL (p=0.036). Conclusion: Complementing drugs with herbs associated with patients aged above 60, females and the Malay ethnicity. The patients’ attitude of complementing drugs with herbs showed no impact on the measured physiological and biochemical parameters. A randomized controlled trial with a fixed herb regime is warranted.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Che Nur Irfan Firdaus Che Marzuki, Azra Juliana Mat Zaid, Farah Wahida Azman, Isnimyati Joepri, Joe Dailin Daniel, Hesham Ali El Enshasy, Siew Hway Teo, Woei Yenn Tong
Human and animal infections with Orthopoxvirus have become more prevalent in recent years. Although smallpox has been eradicated, vaccinations continue to play a role in controlling the spread of Orthopoxvirus diseases. First generation vaccines were successfully commercialized, and they were widely used previously. Besides, several second-generation vaccines that emphasize sterile cell culture techniques for vaccine production have been developed. Some of the third-generation vaccines also successfully trigger immune responses in the host, and they are being researched as safer substitutes for smallpox vaccines. Extensive work is still being done on the creation of fourth-generation smallpox vaccines, which include the creation of DNA subunit vaccines. Clinical studies must be conducted to evaluate the efficacies of these vaccines. Vaccine was effective in preventing smallpox infection. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations, a new paradigm for vaccination research and product development must be established.
{"title":"Vaccines for Orthopoxviruses: A Review","authors":"Che Nur Irfan Firdaus Che Marzuki, Azra Juliana Mat Zaid, Farah Wahida Azman, Isnimyati Joepri, Joe Dailin Daniel, Hesham Ali El Enshasy, Siew Hway Teo, Woei Yenn Tong","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.41","url":null,"abstract":"Human and animal infections with Orthopoxvirus have become more prevalent in recent years. Although smallpox has been eradicated, vaccinations continue to play a role in controlling the spread of Orthopoxvirus diseases. First generation vaccines were successfully commercialized, and they were widely used previously. Besides, several second-generation vaccines that emphasize sterile cell culture techniques for vaccine production have been developed. Some of the third-generation vaccines also successfully trigger immune responses in the host, and they are being researched as safer substitutes for smallpox vaccines. Extensive work is still being done on the creation of fourth-generation smallpox vaccines, which include the creation of DNA subunit vaccines. Clinical studies must be conducted to evaluate the efficacies of these vaccines. Vaccine was effective in preventing smallpox infection. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations, a new paradigm for vaccination research and product development must be established.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eka Noviati Bernadetta, Diyan Yunanto Setyaji, Maria Imaculata Ekatrina Wijayanti
Introduction: The pandemic has forced most activities from offline to switch to online systems, including in education. In the post-Covid-19 period, educational institutions began to develop a blended learning system. The aim of this study is to explore the learning strategies of outstanding students in a health college during the blended learning period. Method: The study used a qualitative descriptive approach in 4 focus group discussions with those who were outstanding students in the 2020/2021 academic year. The total students in this research are 29 people aged 21-25 years old. Result: The research found 5 themes, including 1) perception of learning achievement; 2) learning objective for outstanding students; 3) learning methods for outstanding students; 4) time management to study of outstanding students; and 5) motivator for outstanding students. Conclusion: Achievement strategies for students are they should take hard efforts in the learning process such as studying regularly, learning by repeating materials, making personal notes, verbalizing what is learned in front of others, mirror, and even talking to themself. The student also felt difficult to capture the learning properly when the study runs online. The strategy they took is to adapt the accessibility of the internet network by using adequate devices with good operator providers. Unfortunately, the lesser interaction process with other students and lecturers they do, the lesser interest they felt to follow that classes. Online classes brought so many distractions that make students could not concentrate well in class. The findings show in order to become an outstanding student, strong self-motivation is needed to learn and be supported by the closest people such as parents.
{"title":"Strategies for Health College Students to Gain Academic Achievement in the Era of Blended Learning","authors":"Eka Noviati Bernadetta, Diyan Yunanto Setyaji, Maria Imaculata Ekatrina Wijayanti","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.35","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The pandemic has forced most activities from offline to switch to online systems, including in education. In the post-Covid-19 period, educational institutions began to develop a blended learning system. The aim of this study is to explore the learning strategies of outstanding students in a health college during the blended learning period. Method: The study used a qualitative descriptive approach in 4 focus group discussions with those who were outstanding students in the 2020/2021 academic year. The total students in this research are 29 people aged 21-25 years old. Result: The research found 5 themes, including 1) perception of learning achievement; 2) learning objective for outstanding students; 3) learning methods for outstanding students; 4) time management to study of outstanding students; and 5) motivator for outstanding students. Conclusion: Achievement strategies for students are they should take hard efforts in the learning process such as studying regularly, learning by repeating materials, making personal notes, verbalizing what is learned in front of others, mirror, and even talking to themself. The student also felt difficult to capture the learning properly when the study runs online. The strategy they took is to adapt the accessibility of the internet network by using adequate devices with good operator providers. Unfortunately, the lesser interaction process with other students and lecturers they do, the lesser interest they felt to follow that classes. Online classes brought so many distractions that make students could not concentrate well in class. The findings show in order to become an outstanding student, strong self-motivation is needed to learn and be supported by the closest people such as parents.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joe Dailin Daniel, Mohd Izwan Low Luo Zaini, Siti Fatimah Zaharah Mohd Fuzi, Woei Yenn Tong, Nor Hasmaliana Abdul Manas, Samina Mehnaz, Hesham El Enshasy
Introduction: Pullulan is a biodegradable biopolymer made up of maltotriose subunits that are water-soluble. It has a direct glucan structure comprising α-1,4 and α-1,6 linkages in a 2:1 ratio, which gives it exceptional physical and structural properties, making it a suitable choice for application in biomedical applications. Despite its potential benefits, the price of production is expansive, and productivity is low, which are significant drawbacks. Therefore, the objective of this work is to identify the ideal carbon source for Aureobasidium melanogenum DSM 2404 to produce high pullulans. Methods: In shake flask studies, the effects of different carbon sources, such as maltose, glucose, sucrose, lactose, and xylose, on cell growth and pullulan generation by Aureobasidium melanogenum DSM 2404 were examined. Results: The highest pullulan production was obtained from sucrose (13.38 g L-1) compared to other types of carbon sources used in the fermentation medium. The maximal pullulan production rate of 0.112 [g-1 L-1 h-1] was obtained in sucrose culture. This suggests that sucrose provides favorable conditions for the microorganisms to produce pullulan at a faster rate compared to other sugars. Conclusion: Sucrose was found to be the most efficient carbon source for the synthesis of pullulan using Aureobasidium melanogenum DSM 2404 generating 13.38 g L-1 of pullulan.
普鲁兰是一种可生物降解的生物聚合物，由麦芽糖糖亚基组成，是水溶性的。它具有直接的葡聚糖结构，由α-1,4和α-1,6键以2:1的比例组成，这使其具有优异的物理和结构性能，使其成为生物医学应用的合适选择。尽管有潜在的好处，但生产价格昂贵，生产率低，这些都是显著的缺点。因此，本研究的目的是为黑毛小孢子虫(Aureobasidium melanogenum) DSM 2404寻找理想的碳源，以生产高质量的普鲁兰。方法:采用摇瓶法研究麦芽糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖、木糖等不同碳源对黑毛小孢子菌DSM 2404细胞生长和普鲁兰生成的影响。结果:与发酵培养基中使用的其他类型的碳源相比，蔗糖的普鲁兰产量最高(13.38 g L-1)。蔗糖培养的普鲁兰产率最高可达0.112 [g-1 L-1 h-1]。这表明，与其他糖相比，蔗糖为微生物以更快的速度生产普鲁兰提供了有利的条件。结论:蔗糖是合成普鲁兰最有效的碳源，以黑素小孢子菌DSM 2404为原料，生成13.38 g L-1的普鲁兰。
{"title":"Pullulan Production Utilizing Various Carbon Sources by Aureobasidium melanogenum DSM 2404 as Biotherapeutic Tool in Biomedical Applications","authors":"Joe Dailin Daniel, Mohd Izwan Low Luo Zaini, Siti Fatimah Zaharah Mohd Fuzi, Woei Yenn Tong, Nor Hasmaliana Abdul Manas, Samina Mehnaz, Hesham El Enshasy","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.36","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pullulan is a biodegradable biopolymer made up of maltotriose subunits that are water-soluble. It has a direct glucan structure comprising α-1,4 and α-1,6 linkages in a 2:1 ratio, which gives it exceptional physical and structural properties, making it a suitable choice for application in biomedical applications. Despite its potential benefits, the price of production is expansive, and productivity is low, which are significant drawbacks. Therefore, the objective of this work is to identify the ideal carbon source for Aureobasidium melanogenum DSM 2404 to produce high pullulans. Methods: In shake flask studies, the effects of different carbon sources, such as maltose, glucose, sucrose, lactose, and xylose, on cell growth and pullulan generation by Aureobasidium melanogenum DSM 2404 were examined. Results: The highest pullulan production was obtained from sucrose (13.38 g L-1) compared to other types of carbon sources used in the fermentation medium. The maximal pullulan production rate of 0.112 [g-1 L-1 h-1] was obtained in sucrose culture. This suggests that sucrose provides favorable conditions for the microorganisms to produce pullulan at a faster rate compared to other sugars. Conclusion: Sucrose was found to be the most efficient carbon source for the synthesis of pullulan using Aureobasidium melanogenum DSM 2404 generating 13.38 g L-1 of pullulan.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Puteri Nadia Shahedan, Elysha Nur Ismail, Reezal Ishak
Hand sanitizers can be manufactured in the form of alcohol based hand sanitizer (ABHS) that contains alcohol, or alcohol free hand sanitizer (AFHS) containing benzalkonium chloride. This study determines the efficacy of ABHS and AFHS products against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium. Agar well diffusion assay was performed against the bacterial colonies grown on Mueller Hinton agar in triplicates. Wells were made by punching holes onto the agar and filled with three different brands of hand sanitizers namely 70% ABHS, 95% ABHS, and AFHS. The diameters for zone of inhibition was measured after 24 hours incubation at 37 ℃. Only AFHS product inhibited the growth of S. aureus and S. Typhimurium, whereas 70% and 95% ABHS did not exhibit any zone of inhibition. Although AFHS was proven to be useful, this finding suggests that ABHS available in the market might not necessarily be effective against S. aureus and S. Typhimurium.
{"title":"A Study on the Efficacy of Alcohol Based and Alcohol Free Hand Sanitizers Available in the Market Against Staphylococcus Aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium","authors":"Puteri Nadia Shahedan, Elysha Nur Ismail, Reezal Ishak","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.45","url":null,"abstract":"Hand sanitizers can be manufactured in the form of alcohol based hand sanitizer (ABHS) that contains alcohol, or alcohol free hand sanitizer (AFHS) containing benzalkonium chloride. This study determines the efficacy of ABHS and AFHS products against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium. Agar well diffusion assay was performed against the bacterial colonies grown on Mueller Hinton agar in triplicates. Wells were made by punching holes onto the agar and filled with three different brands of hand sanitizers namely 70% ABHS, 95% ABHS, and AFHS. The diameters for zone of inhibition was measured after 24 hours incubation at 37 ℃. Only AFHS product inhibited the growth of S. aureus and S. Typhimurium, whereas 70% and 95% ABHS did not exhibit any zone of inhibition. Although AFHS was proven to be useful, this finding suggests that ABHS available in the market might not necessarily be effective against S. aureus and S. Typhimurium.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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