Mohammed Sabo Bello, Ridzwana Mohd Said, Jalila Johari, Fakarudin Kamarudin
The concept of financial performance is of great concern to stakeholders. This empirical paper investigates the moderating role of financial performance on the link between board attributes and corporate sustainability disclosure compliance (CSDC). The going concern of a company depends on its ability to generate returns from operating, investing, and financing activities. Thus, it is crucially important to explore the extent to which a firm's financial performance strengthens the influence of firm-level determinants of CSDC. The sample for the current study consists of 118 Nigerian-listed companies over seven years between 2011 and 2017. The dynamic GMM regression analysis is used for data analysis. The GMM results reveal the moderating effect of return on assets and return on equity on the influence of firm and board attributes on CSDC, evident from significant positive interaction with board size, board independence, gender diversity and audit committee. This implies that when firms gain financial strength to engage in more sustainable activities, this increases the level of corporate sustainability disclosure compliance.
{"title":"Moderating Role of Financial Performance on The Relationship Between Board Attributes and Corporate Sustainability Disclosure Compliance","authors":"Mohammed Sabo Bello, Ridzwana Mohd Said, Jalila Johari, Fakarudin Kamarudin","doi":"10.47836/ijeam.16.3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/ijeam.16.3.08","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of financial performance is of great concern to stakeholders. This empirical paper investigates the moderating role of financial performance on the link between board attributes and corporate sustainability disclosure compliance (CSDC). The going concern of a company depends on its ability to generate returns from operating, investing, and financing activities. Thus, it is crucially important to explore the extent to which a firm's financial performance strengthens the influence of firm-level determinants of CSDC. The sample for the current study consists of 118 Nigerian-listed companies over seven years between 2011 and 2017. The dynamic GMM regression analysis is used for data analysis.\u0000The GMM results reveal the moderating effect of return on assets and return on equity on\u0000the influence of firm and board attributes on CSDC, evident from significant positive interaction with board size, board independence, gender diversity and audit committee.\u0000This implies that when firms gain financial strength to engage in more sustainable activities, this increases the level of corporate sustainability disclosure compliance.","PeriodicalId":40031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Management","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73738128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Anwar, I. Suhendra, Rah Adi Fahmi Ginanjar, Eka Purwanda, Lilis NUR KHOLISHOH
This study evaluated the impact of monetary policy efficiency (MPE) and financial market development (FMD) on financial stability using the credit gap as a proxy. New datasets were constructed for the MPE of 63 developing economies from 1990:Q1 to 2021:Q4. The panel homogeneity assumption was verified using the Chow and Roy-Zellner tests, and the findings showed that the model was not homogenous. Thus, the pooled mean group (PMG) estimator was used. The empirical results revealed that MPE and FMD significantly impacted the credit gap. The effects of MPE and FMD on financial stability were as substitutes. Since the sample was divided into two groups: high and low-middle income nations, the conclusion was robust, and the negative connection between the variables remained. In addition, a dynamic panel estimation was also applied, which found significant effects of MPE and FMD on the credit gap.
{"title":"Monetary Policy Efficiency, Financial Market Development and Financial Stability in Developing Countries","authors":"C. Anwar, I. Suhendra, Rah Adi Fahmi Ginanjar, Eka Purwanda, Lilis NUR KHOLISHOH","doi":"10.47836/ijeam.16.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/ijeam.16.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the impact of monetary policy efficiency (MPE) and financial market development (FMD) on financial stability using the credit gap as a proxy. New datasets were constructed for the MPE of 63 developing economies from 1990:Q1 to 2021:Q4. The panel homogeneity assumption was verified using the Chow and Roy-Zellner tests, and the findings showed that the model was not homogenous. Thus, the pooled mean group (PMG) estimator was used. The empirical results revealed that MPE and FMD significantly impacted the credit gap. The effects of MPE and FMD on financial stability were as substitutes. Since the sample was divided into two groups: high and low-middle income nations, the conclusion was robust, and the negative connection between the variables remained. In addition, a dynamic panel estimation was also applied, which found significant effects of MPE and FMD on the credit gap.","PeriodicalId":40031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74765907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Mohammadi, Suzilawati Kamarudin, Sanaz SAGHATI JALALI
The primary aim of this paper is to provide insights into the determinants of social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) among students in Malaysia. For data collection, a self administered questionnaire was distributed among students in public and private universities. The structural equation modelling-partial least square (SEM-PLS) technique was employed to test the research hypotheses. The data was analysed using the SmartPLS software. Research findings indicated that attitude toward social entrepreneurship (ATSE) is the most significant factor in shaping the intention to become a social entrepreneur, followed by social entrepreneurial self-efficacy (SE-SE) and proactive personality (PP). Additionally, proactive personality contributes to shaping favourable ATSE. Understanding the factors that impact SEI could help us to identify the people who are more likely to establish a social venture in order to equip them with the necessary resources. Nevertheless, lack of awareness and “social entrepreneurial mindset” among students was found an obvious obstacle to SEI, which requires further attention of policymakers and the ministry of higher education. To date, an abundant body of literature confirms that attitude is one of the most significant determinants of intention and consequent behaviour; however, the antecedents of attitude are yet to be discovered. The original contribution of this study is extending the theory of planned behaviour by examining the factors that affect SEI.
{"title":"Do Proactive Personality and Self-Efficacy Really Matter in Shaping Social Entrepreneurial Intention?","authors":"P. Mohammadi, Suzilawati Kamarudin, Sanaz SAGHATI JALALI","doi":"10.47836/ijeam.16.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/ijeam.16.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"The primary aim of this paper is to provide insights into the determinants of social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) among students in Malaysia. For data collection, a self administered questionnaire was distributed among students in public and private universities. The structural equation modelling-partial least square (SEM-PLS) technique was employed to test the research hypotheses. The data was analysed using the SmartPLS software. Research findings indicated that attitude toward social entrepreneurship (ATSE) is the most significant factor in shaping the intention to become a social entrepreneur, followed by social entrepreneurial self-efficacy (SE-SE) and proactive personality (PP). Additionally, proactive personality contributes to shaping favourable ATSE. Understanding the factors that impact SEI could help us to identify the people who are more likely to establish a social venture in order to equip them with the necessary resources. Nevertheless, lack of awareness and “social entrepreneurial mindset” among students was found an obvious obstacle to SEI, which requires further attention of policymakers and the ministry of higher education. To date, an abundant body of literature confirms that attitude is one of the most significant determinants of intention and consequent behaviour; however, the antecedents of attitude are yet to be discovered. The original contribution of this study is extending the theory of planned behaviour by examining the factors that affect SEI.","PeriodicalId":40031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Management","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81328282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saira Kharuddin, Nik Nazli Nik Ahmad, Noraini Mohd Ariffin, Ridzwana Mohd Said
There has been an increasing focus on improving pro-environmental intentions and behaviour. This study has primarily assessed a conceptual model focusing on managers’ intentions and financially responsible behaviour. This study examined the direct influence of; managers’ attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural controls, and religiosity in inducing their intentions to perform pro-environmental practices, leading them to conduct financially responsible behaviour in preserving the environment. This conceptual study employed a quantitative approach and was supported by interviews to understand the findings better. A partial least squares structural equation modelling technique was adopted in analysing and interpreting the data. Data were collected from environmental and financial managers in Public Listed Companies (PLCs) using a survey design questionnaire. Specifically, responses were sought from managers from environmentally sensitive industries. Interviews were conducted to understand managers’ behaviour better. The findings of this study revealed that; subjective norms, pressures, and religiosity positively and significantly influenced managers’ intentions to perform pro-environmental practices. However, these intentions did not lead them to execute financially responsible behaviour in preserving the environment. This study’s findings exposed the need for managers to have business and government support to make preserving the environment mandatory and be financially responsible for preserving the environment.
{"title":"The Antecedents of Managers’ Environmental Management Practices and Financially Responsible Behaviour: Examining Managers’ Behaviour in Malaysia’s Environmentally Sensitive Industries","authors":"Saira Kharuddin, Nik Nazli Nik Ahmad, Noraini Mohd Ariffin, Ridzwana Mohd Said","doi":"10.47836/ijeam.16.3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/ijeam.16.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"There has been an increasing focus on improving pro-environmental intentions and behaviour. This study has primarily assessed a conceptual model focusing on managers’ intentions and financially responsible behaviour. This study examined the direct influence of; managers’ attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural controls, and religiosity in inducing their intentions to perform pro-environmental practices, leading them to conduct financially responsible behaviour in preserving the environment. This conceptual study employed a quantitative approach and was supported by interviews to understand the findings better. A partial least squares structural equation modelling technique was adopted in analysing and interpreting the data. Data were collected from environmental and financial managers in Public Listed Companies (PLCs) using a survey design questionnaire. Specifically, responses were sought from managers from environmentally sensitive industries. Interviews were conducted to understand managers’ behaviour better. The findings of this study revealed that; subjective norms, pressures, and religiosity positively and significantly influenced managers’ intentions to perform pro-environmental practices. However, these intentions did not lead them to execute financially responsible behaviour in preserving the environment. This study’s findings exposed the need for managers to have business and government support to make preserving the environment mandatory and be financially responsible for preserving the environment.","PeriodicalId":40031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Management","volume":"280 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86616686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.006
H. A. Halima, S. R. M. Zainala, N. H. Ahmada
1. Arokodare, M. A. and Asikhia, O. U., 2020. Strategic Agility: Achieving Superior Organizational Performance through Strategic Foresight. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 20(3), pp.7-16. https://doi.org/10.34257/gjmbravol20is3pg7 2. Auh, S. and Menguc, B., 2005. Balancing Exploration and Exploitation: The Moderating Role of Competitive Intensity. Journal of Business Research, 58(12), pp.1652-1661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2004.11.007 3. Baskarada , S., Shrimpton, D., Ng, S., Cox, D. and Saritas, O., 2016. Learning through foresight. Foresight, 18(4), pp. 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1108/fs-09-2015-0045 4. Bereznoy, A., 2017. Corporate foresight in multinational business strategies. Foresight-Russia, 11(1), pp. 9–22.https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2017.1.9.22. 5. Brush, C. G., Greene, P. G. and Hart, M. M., 2001. From initial idea to unique advantage: The entrepreneurial challenge of constructing a resource base. Academy of Management Perspectives, 15(1), pp.64-78. https://doi.org/10.1109/emr.2002.1022409 6. Chen, W. H. and Chiang, A. H., 2011. Network agility as a trigger for enhancing firm performance: A case study of a high-tech firm implementing the mixed channel strategy. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(4), pp.643- 651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2011.01.001 7. Chia, R., 2002. Essai: Time, duration and simultaneity: Rethinking process and change in organizational analysis. Organization Studies, 23(6), pp.863-868. 8. Economics and Development Resource Center (Asian Development Bank), Project Economic Evaluation Division Staff, 2003. Asian Development Outlook 2003. Oxford University Press, Incorporated. 9. Gerald, E., Obianuju, A. and Chukwunonso, N., 2020. Strategic agility and performance of small and medium enterprises in the phase of Covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 2(1), pp.41-50. https://doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v2i1.163 10. Hashim, H. and Jumabhoy, A., 2017. Industry 4.0: SMEs are the vanguards in catalysing change. Insight, pp.33-34. 11. Kononiuk, A., 2017. Foresight in SME Companies. Journal of Machine Construction and Maintenance, 104, pp.109-115. 12. Kononiuk, Sacio-Szymanska and Gaspar, 2017. How do Companies Envisage the Future? Functional Foresight Approaches. Engineering Management in Production and Services, 9(4), pp.21-33. 13. Li, X., Chung, C., Goldsby, T. J. and Holsapple, C. W., 2008. A unified model of supply chain agility: The work‐ design perspective. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 19(3), pp. 408–435. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090810919224 14. Lim, E. S. and Shyamala, N., 2007. Obstacles to innovation: evidence from Malaysian manufacturing firms. 15. Lin, J. (April 2020). Malaysia rolls out additional RM10 billion support for SMEs struggling due to Covid19 outbreak. Business Insiders. Retrieved 21 April 2020 from http://www.businessinsiders.my/malaysia 16. Mavengere, N. B. (2013). Information technology rol
{"title":"Strategic Foresight and Agility: Upholding Sustainable Competitiveness Among SMEs During COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"H. A. Halima, S. R. M. Zainala, N. H. Ahmada","doi":"10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.006","url":null,"abstract":"1. Arokodare, M. A. and Asikhia, O. U., 2020. Strategic Agility: Achieving Superior Organizational Performance through Strategic Foresight. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 20(3), pp.7-16. https://doi.org/10.34257/gjmbravol20is3pg7\u00002. Auh, S. and Menguc, B., 2005. Balancing Exploration and Exploitation: The Moderating Role of Competitive Intensity. Journal of Business Research, 58(12), pp.1652-1661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2004.11.007\u00003. Baskarada , S., Shrimpton, D., Ng, S., Cox, D. and Saritas, O., 2016. Learning through foresight. Foresight, 18(4), pp. 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1108/fs-09-2015-0045\u00004. Bereznoy, A., 2017. Corporate foresight in multinational business strategies. Foresight-Russia, 11(1), pp. 9–22.https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2017.1.9.22.\u00005. Brush, C. G., Greene, P. G. and Hart, M. M., 2001. From initial idea to unique advantage: The entrepreneurial challenge of constructing a resource base. Academy of Management Perspectives, 15(1), pp.64-78. https://doi.org/10.1109/emr.2002.1022409\u00006. Chen, W. H. and Chiang, A. H., 2011. Network agility as a trigger for enhancing firm performance: A case study of a high-tech firm implementing the mixed channel strategy. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(4), pp.643- 651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2011.01.001\u00007. Chia, R., 2002. Essai: Time, duration and simultaneity: Rethinking process and change in organizational analysis. Organization Studies, 23(6), pp.863-868.\u00008. Economics and Development Resource Center (Asian Development Bank), Project Economic Evaluation Division Staff, 2003. Asian Development Outlook 2003. Oxford University Press, Incorporated.\u00009. Gerald, E., Obianuju, A. and Chukwunonso, N., 2020. Strategic agility and performance of small and medium enterprises in the phase of Covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 2(1), pp.41-50. https://doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v2i1.163\u000010. Hashim, H. and Jumabhoy, A., 2017. Industry 4.0: SMEs are the vanguards in catalysing change. Insight, pp.33-34.\u000011. Kononiuk, A., 2017. Foresight in SME Companies. Journal of Machine Construction and Maintenance, 104, pp.109-115.\u000012. Kononiuk, Sacio-Szymanska and Gaspar, 2017. How do Companies Envisage the Future? Functional Foresight Approaches. Engineering Management in Production and Services, 9(4), pp.21-33.\u000013. Li, X., Chung, C., Goldsby, T. J. and Holsapple, C. W., 2008. A unified model of supply chain agility: The work‐ design perspective. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 19(3), pp. 408–435. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090810919224\u000014. Lim, E. S. and Shyamala, N., 2007. Obstacles to innovation: evidence from Malaysian manufacturing firms.\u000015. Lin, J. (April 2020). Malaysia rolls out additional RM10 billion support for SMEs struggling due to Covid19 outbreak. Business Insiders. Retrieved 21 April 2020 from http://www.businessinsiders.my/malaysia\u000016. Mavengere, N. B. (2013). Information technology rol","PeriodicalId":40031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Management","volume":"527 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78157103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.008
M. R. Hossain, M. Zariyawati
This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on firms' working capital management (WCM) and, eventually, firms’ performance of 4513 China and 1049 United Kingdom (UK) publicly listed firms. Static panel data analysis was used to achieve the objective of this study. By using the cash conversion cycle (CCC) as a proxy for WCM, we discover that COVID-19 has a negative effect on the WCM of Chinese firms. We also found a statistically significant negative relationship between WCM and Chinese firms’ performance. This suggests that when firms are affected by COVID-19 uncertainty, Chinese firms will be compelled to reduce their account receivables, inventory levels, and seek increased credit terms from suppliers. Contrary to Chinese firms, we discover the positive relationship between COVID-19 and WCM for UK firms. Further, the relationship between WCM and UK firms’ performance is positively associated. The greater investment in WCM by UK firms during the COVID-19 period generated a higher firm performance.
{"title":"Uncertainty in Working Capital Management and Firm Performance: A COVID-19 Perspective","authors":"M. R. Hossain, M. Zariyawati","doi":"10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.008","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on firms' working capital management (WCM) and, eventually, firms’ performance of 4513 China and 1049 United Kingdom (UK) publicly listed firms. Static panel data analysis was used to achieve the objective of this study. By using the cash conversion cycle (CCC) as a proxy for WCM, we discover that COVID-19 has a negative effect on the WCM of Chinese firms. We also found a statistically significant negative relationship between WCM and Chinese firms’ performance. This suggests that when firms are affected by COVID-19 uncertainty, Chinese firms will be compelled to reduce their account receivables, inventory levels, and seek increased credit terms from suppliers. Contrary to Chinese firms, we discover the positive relationship between COVID-19 and WCM for UK firms. Further, the relationship between WCM and UK firms’ performance is positively associated. The greater investment in WCM by UK firms during the COVID-19 period generated a higher firm performance.","PeriodicalId":40031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Management","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81449243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the indirect effect of corona virus (COVID-19) infections on economic growth in Malaysia using the industrial production index (IPI) as a proxy. Since the prevalence of COVID-19 infection, Malaysia’s economy has experienced swindles in its growth, just like other countries economy, and the struggle for survival among countries in which Malaysia’s economy is not exceptional becomes the current issue. This study incorporates the COVID-19 indirect impacts on economic growth which is conditional to COVID-19 deaths. It also explains a way forward for recuperation among economic sectors for faster economic growth in Malaysia. This paper uses the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to explore the indirect effect of COVID-19 infections on economic growth conditional on COVID-19 deaths in Malaysia. As an empirical study, the data used were monthly secondary data and were obtained from reliable sources. The findings from the results of the ARDL model, considering the unconditional model show that COVID-19 infections have a negative relationship with economic growth in Malaysia. The conditional models used to find the indirect impact of COVID-19 on economic growth considering the interaction of the variables at mean, maximum and minimum, prove that COVID-19 has an indirect negative effect on economic growth when COVID-19 deaths are at their mean and maximum. The marginal effect result shows a negative relationship and significance at 1%, indicating that increase in COVID-19 infections leads to decrease in economic growth in Malaysia conditional to COVID-19 deaths
{"title":"The Indirect Effect of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic on Economic Growth in Malaysia: Evidence from The ARDL Approach","authors":"Declan CHIBUEZE ONYECHEGE, Norashidah Mohamed Nor, Abdalla Sirag FAGIR OMER","doi":"10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.007","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the indirect effect of corona virus (COVID-19) infections on economic growth in Malaysia using the industrial production index (IPI) as a proxy. Since the prevalence of COVID-19 infection, Malaysia’s economy has experienced swindles in its growth, just like other countries economy, and the struggle for survival among countries in which Malaysia’s economy is not exceptional becomes the current issue. This study incorporates the COVID-19 indirect impacts on economic growth which is conditional to COVID-19 deaths. It also explains a way forward for recuperation among economic sectors for faster economic growth in Malaysia. This paper uses the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to explore the indirect effect of COVID-19 infections on economic growth conditional on COVID-19 deaths in Malaysia. As an empirical study, the data used were monthly secondary data and were obtained from reliable sources. The findings from the results of the ARDL model, considering the unconditional model show that COVID-19 infections have a negative relationship with economic growth in Malaysia. The conditional models used to find the indirect impact of COVID-19 on economic growth considering the interaction of the variables at mean, maximum and minimum, prove that COVID-19 has an indirect negative effect on economic growth when COVID-19 deaths are at their mean and maximum. The marginal effect result shows a negative relationship and significance at 1%, indicating that increase in COVID-19 infections leads to decrease in economic growth in Malaysia conditional to COVID-19 deaths","PeriodicalId":40031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Management","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86381854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.010
Chen Chen Yong, Clement FU XING LOW
This study aims to investigate firms’ behavior on salary adjustment in response to the Covid-19 crisis and presents findings on median basic salary change in the Malaysian labor market by occupational groups during quarters 3 and 4, 2020. The result finds a lower prevailing salary offer for the newly employed. For high-skilled occupations, employees above the age of 40 have seen the median salary class dropping one class below, while the young cohort below age 40 climbs up one salary class. The study has employed different machine learning techniques to build classification models for the prediction of the binary outcomes, namely “salary freeze or cut”, or “salary increase”. The findings discovered that the important factors that increase the likelihood of a “salary freeze or cut” for the newly employed had been consistently attributed to the occupational group by MASCO and the number of available job vacancies. Besides that, the job opportunity and salary potential for mid-skilled jobs are found to be shrinking despite the younger age cohort of workers receiving a higher median salary in Q4 as compared to Q3; this, however, comes with a reduction in job vacancies.
{"title":"Firms’ Salary Adjustment in Response to Crises","authors":"Chen Chen Yong, Clement FU XING LOW","doi":"10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.010","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate firms’ behavior on salary adjustment in response to the Covid-19 crisis and presents findings on median basic salary change in the Malaysian labor market by occupational groups during quarters 3 and 4, 2020. The result finds a lower prevailing salary offer for the newly employed. For high-skilled occupations, employees above the age of 40 have seen the median salary class dropping one class below, while the young cohort below age 40 climbs up one salary class. The study has employed different machine learning techniques to build classification models for the prediction of the binary outcomes, namely “salary freeze or cut”, or “salary increase”. The findings discovered that the important factors that increase the likelihood of a “salary\u0000freeze or cut” for the newly employed had been consistently attributed to the occupational group by MASCO and the number of available job vacancies. Besides that, the job opportunity and salary potential for mid-skilled jobs are found to be shrinking despite the younger age cohort of workers receiving a higher median salary in Q4 as compared to Q3;\u0000this, however, comes with a reduction in job vacancies.","PeriodicalId":40031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Management","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86728921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.004
Muhammad Daaniyall Abd Rahman, Mohamad Khair Afham Muhamad Senan, Nor Yasmin Mhd Bani, Futu Faturay, M. Saari
Trade economists emphasised that export diversification plays an essential role to mitigate trade shocks. Nevertheless, little empirical evidence justified the argument regarding pandemic-led disruption effects. The study examines the role of export diversification in mitigating the adverse effect of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Malaysia. The results suggest that a country-based export diversification plays a vital role in minimising COVID-19 exports disruptive effect, with greater weight on the regional trade. Nevertheless, long-term product diversification is relatively beneficial to promote growth and trade resilience.
{"title":"Resilient Trade During The COVID-19 Pandemic: Why Does Export Diversification Matter?","authors":"Muhammad Daaniyall Abd Rahman, Mohamad Khair Afham Muhamad Senan, Nor Yasmin Mhd Bani, Futu Faturay, M. Saari","doi":"10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.004","url":null,"abstract":"Trade economists emphasised that export diversification plays an essential role to mitigate trade shocks. Nevertheless, little empirical evidence justified the argument regarding pandemic-led disruption effects. The study examines the role of export diversification in mitigating the adverse effect of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Malaysia. The results suggest that a country-based export diversification plays a vital role in minimising COVID-19 exports disruptive effect, with greater weight on the regional trade. Nevertheless, long-term product diversification is relatively beneficial to promote growth and trade resilience.","PeriodicalId":40031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Management","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85095440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.003
Lee Chin, Yong Seong Foo, K. Chen, Farhad Taghizadeh‐Hesary, Woon Leong Lin
This study explored the sustainability of the stock market against the COVID-19 pandemic. The impacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases, COVID-19 deaths, and Movement Control Order (MCO) length on the stock market were examined. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator was employed to analyze 57 countries’ weekly data from November 4th 2019 to July 5th 2020. The findings showed that the growth in confirmed COVID-19 cases has a significant negative effect on stock market returns, while the growth in COVID-19 deaths has a negative yet statistically insignificant influence on stock market returns. This study also found a non-linear inverted U-shaped relationship between the MCO period and stock market returns, implying that though the MCO has initial positive influences on the stock market, it negatively impacts the stock market after 5.7 weeks. Thus, this study argues that policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic provide the most compelling explanation for its unprecedented impact on the sustainability of the stock market. Governments should therefore implement a partial lockdown to avoid deterioration of the national economy. Furthermore, government policies and plans to control the COVID-19 epidemic as well as economic stimulus packages to kickstart the economy play crucial roles in boosting economic growth and revitalizing the stock market
{"title":"Sustainability of Stock Market Against COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Lee Chin, Yong Seong Foo, K. Chen, Farhad Taghizadeh‐Hesary, Woon Leong Lin","doi":"10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.003","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the sustainability of the stock market against the COVID-19 pandemic. The impacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases, COVID-19 deaths, and Movement Control Order (MCO) length on the stock market were examined. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator was employed to analyze 57 countries’ weekly data from November 4th 2019 to July 5th 2020. The findings showed that the growth in confirmed COVID-19 cases has a significant negative effect on stock market returns, while the growth in COVID-19 deaths has a negative yet statistically insignificant influence on stock market returns. This study also found a non-linear inverted U-shaped relationship between the MCO period and stock market returns, implying that though the MCO has initial positive influences on the stock market, it negatively impacts the stock market after 5.7 weeks. Thus, this study argues that policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic provide the most compelling explanation for its unprecedented impact on the sustainability of the stock market. Governments should therefore implement a partial lockdown to avoid deterioration of the national economy. Furthermore, government policies and plans to control the COVID-19 epidemic as well as economic stimulus packages to kickstart the economy play crucial roles in boosting economic growth and revitalizing the stock market","PeriodicalId":40031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Management","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83817868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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