A. Achsanta, P. Pamungkas, Irwan Trinugroho, G. ., Francisca Sestri Goestjahjanti
This study investigates the impact of the enactment of bail-in regimes in 2016 in Indonesia on bank owners' propping behavior. Based on Indonesian banking data for the period 2011–2020, we use the difference-in-differences method to examine whether related party transactions substantially increase or decrease after the introduction of bail-in as an indicator of propping. We find that while the requirement for sufficient capital allocated to shock absorbance increases, bank owners may provide capital via related deposits. These deposits are typically beneficial to bank stability, increase liquidity, and can act as a propping channel. However, the deposits are also more exposed to risks, and consequently decrease.
{"title":"How Do Banks Set Their Propping Behavior Through Related Party Transactions During a Bail-In Regime? Evidence From an Emerging Market","authors":"A. Achsanta, P. Pamungkas, Irwan Trinugroho, G. ., Francisca Sestri Goestjahjanti","doi":"10.47836/ijeam.17.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/ijeam.17.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of the enactment of bail-in regimes in 2016 in Indonesia on bank owners' propping behavior. Based on Indonesian banking data for the period 2011–2020, we use the difference-in-differences method to examine whether related party transactions substantially increase or decrease after the introduction of bail-in as an indicator of propping. We find that while the requirement for sufficient capital allocated to shock absorbance increases, bank owners may provide capital via related deposits. These deposits are typically beneficial to bank stability, increase liquidity, and can act as a propping channel. However, the deposits are also more exposed to risks, and consequently decrease.","PeriodicalId":40031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Management","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90333202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syeda Saba NAZIR GARDAZI, Ahmad Fahmi Sheikh Hassan, Saidatunur Fauzi Saidin, Jalila Johari
The 2030 agenda for sustainable development establishes a new global sustainability target, with corporations expected to contribute significantly by implementing sustainable practices. One strategy for engaging corporations in sustainable practice focuses on corporate governance (CG) mechanisms, such as the board of directors (BOD). On the premise of stakeholder theory, agency theory and resource dependency theory, the relationship between BOD and corporate sustainability performance (CSP) was investigated using the panel data analysis. Utilising a sample of 335 energy sector corporations from 48 countries our GMM estimation shows a significant relationship between CSP and board size, different positions for CEO and Chairperson roles, and interlocking directors. The findings also showed that having more independent directors on a board lowered CSP, while gender and cultural diversity did not affect CSP. The implications of these findings to policymakers on the energy sector corporations are not limited to improving CSP via formulating and implementing specific CG strategies and policies that are beneficial but also provide explicit information on how corporate energy sectors can change their behaviour with respect to sustainable practices and good governance to address social and environmental issues.
{"title":"Dynamic Relationship Between Board of Directors and Corporate Sustainability Performance: Evidence from Energy Sector","authors":"Syeda Saba NAZIR GARDAZI, Ahmad Fahmi Sheikh Hassan, Saidatunur Fauzi Saidin, Jalila Johari","doi":"10.47836/ijeam.17.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/ijeam.17.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"The 2030 agenda for sustainable development establishes a new global sustainability\u0000target, with corporations expected to contribute significantly by implementing sustainable practices. One strategy for engaging corporations in sustainable practice focuses on corporate governance (CG) mechanisms, such as the board of directors (BOD). On the premise of stakeholder theory, agency theory and resource dependency theory, the relationship between BOD and corporate sustainability performance (CSP) was investigated using the panel data analysis. Utilising a sample of 335 energy sector\u0000corporations from 48 countries our GMM estimation shows a significant relationship\u0000between CSP and board size, different positions for CEO and Chairperson roles, and\u0000interlocking directors. The findings also showed that having more independent directors\u0000on a board lowered CSP, while gender and cultural diversity did not affect CSP. The implications of these findings to policymakers on the energy sector corporations are not\u0000limited to improving CSP via formulating and implementing specific CG strategies and\u0000policies that are beneficial but also provide explicit information on how corporate energy sectors can change their behaviour with respect to sustainable practices and good governance to address social and environmental issues.","PeriodicalId":40031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Management","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90140695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study ascertains the impact of population ageing on inflation more comprehensively by an unbalanced panel data of 125 countries spanning between 1996 and 2019. This study contributes a more generalized evidence of the impact of population ageing, and institutional quality on inflation region-wise. The control variables are those conventionally employed in explaining the inflation behaviour, namely real GDP, real interest rate, broad money growth, and imports. The empirical results are based on the panel fixed effects model by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimator with Cross-section Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE). This study finds that population ageing is deflationary. However, higher inflation is associated with increases in young dependents. The mediating effect of good institution on ageing to inflation is deflationary, while opposite holds given a weak institution. These findings vary among the seven different geographical regions. Indeed, this study is feasible for policymakers from both monetary and fiscal perspectives as well as social security.
{"title":"Too Old or Too Young – Does Population Ageing Matter for Inflation?","authors":"Shi EN MA, Tuck Cheong Tang","doi":"10.47836/ijeam.17.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/ijeam.17.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"This study ascertains the impact of population ageing on inflation more comprehensively\u0000by an unbalanced panel data of 125 countries spanning between 1996 and 2019. This\u0000study contributes a more generalized evidence of the impact of population ageing, and\u0000institutional quality on inflation region-wise. The control variables are those conventionally employed in explaining the inflation behaviour, namely real GDP, real interest rate, broad money growth, and imports. The empirical results are based on the panel fixed effects model by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimator with Cross-section Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE). This study finds that population ageing is deflationary. However, higher inflation is associated with increases in young dependents. The mediating effect of good institution on ageing to inflation is deflationary, while opposite holds given a weak institution. These findings vary among the seven different geographical regions. Indeed, this study is feasible for policymakers from both monetary and fiscal perspectives as well as social security.","PeriodicalId":40031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Management","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83140513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to examine the effect of CEOs’ optimism on the asymmetry of cost behavior, namely cost stickiness (CS). A sticky condition occurs when the increase costs due to the increase in sales is greater than the decrease in costs during the decrease in sales. This study measures CEOs’ optimism by conducting content analysis using the DICTION application. The results of this study indicate that the level of optimism increases CS. These results contribute to behavioral sciences in management accounting, especially in relation to the role of the upper echelon in corporate strategic decisionmaking. The results of this study have implications for the appraisal of management performance, when looking at the fact that there is sticky-cost behavior. This sticky behavior is thought to be intended to restore the situation to an advantageous position. The previous literature states that this asymmetry occurs due to deliberate decision-making by decision-makers. Unlike previous research, this study uses the upper echelon approach, with the individual CEOs as proxy. The upper echelon theory states that the characteristics of the leadership will affect a company's strategy, so they have an impact on company performance, including decision-making regarding resource-capacity management.
{"title":"CEOs’ Optimism in Cost Behavior Asymmetry: A Content Analysis","authors":"Komang Ayu Krisnadewi, Dian Agustia, N. Soewarno","doi":"10.47836/ijeam.17.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/ijeam.17.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine the effect of CEOs’ optimism on the asymmetry of cost behavior, namely cost stickiness (CS). A sticky condition occurs when the increase costs due to the increase in sales is greater than the decrease in costs during the decrease in sales. This study measures CEOs’ optimism by conducting content analysis using the DICTION application. The results of this study indicate that the level of optimism increases CS. These results contribute to behavioral sciences in management accounting, especially in relation to the role of the upper echelon in corporate strategic decisionmaking. The results of this study have implications for the appraisal of management performance, when looking at the fact that there is sticky-cost behavior. This sticky behavior is thought to be intended to restore the situation to an advantageous position. The previous literature states that this asymmetry occurs due to deliberate decision-making by decision-makers. Unlike previous research, this study uses the upper echelon approach, with the individual CEOs as proxy. The upper echelon theory states that the characteristics of the leadership will affect a company's strategy, so they have an impact on company performance, including decision-making regarding resource-capacity management.","PeriodicalId":40031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Management","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88791992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mei-Teing Chong, Chin-Hong Puah, Shazali Abu Mansor, CHEE-SIONG Teh
The world is changing rapidly with the adoption of sophisticated digital technology. The foremost tool for digital technology operation is digital connectivity infrastructure. To unleash the potential of the digital economy in ASEAN countries, the foundation is upgrading its digital connection, which is a key part of making digitalization feasible. This study identified five factors that contributed to the digital connectivity of ten ASEAN countries and used them to calculate the overall score of each country to show its performance in terms of digital connectivity. The competitive analysis results of the five digital connectivity enablers in each country show their respective strengths and shortcomings. Myanmar made the greatest progress in overall digital connectivity, due to its engaging in national regulatory reforms and focusing connectivity developments after realizing the need to improve their ICT infrastructure. There is still much room for improvement in the network performance of ASEAN countries; among all ten countries, only Singapore has reached a very satisfactory level. Striving to narrow the digital connectivity development gap would be an important agenda item for all ASEAN countries.
{"title":"Digital Connectivity Bridging Digital ASEAN","authors":"Mei-Teing Chong, Chin-Hong Puah, Shazali Abu Mansor, CHEE-SIONG Teh","doi":"10.47836/ijeam.17.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/ijeam.17.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The world is changing rapidly with the adoption of sophisticated digital technology. The foremost tool for digital technology operation is digital connectivity infrastructure. To unleash the potential of the digital economy in ASEAN countries, the foundation is upgrading its digital connection, which is a key part of making digitalization feasible. This study identified five factors that contributed to the digital connectivity of ten ASEAN countries and used them to calculate the overall score of each country to show its performance in terms of digital connectivity. The competitive analysis results of the five digital connectivity enablers in each country show their respective strengths and shortcomings. Myanmar made the greatest progress in overall digital connectivity, due to its engaging in national regulatory reforms and focusing connectivity developments after realizing the need to improve their ICT infrastructure. There is still much room for improvement in the network performance of ASEAN countries; among all ten countries, only Singapore has reached a very satisfactory level. Striving to narrow the digital connectivity development gap would be an important agenda item for all ASEAN countries.","PeriodicalId":40031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89577494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurmadi Harsa Sumarta, Prihatnolo Gandhi Amidjaya, M. Prabowo, T. Mulyaningsih
Following the increased concern on sustainability reporting in Indonesia, this study attempts to investigate whether the issuance of sustainability report is able to provide positive impact on bank reputation and market valuation. We use a set of unbalanced panel data that consist of 43 Indonesian listed banks throughout 2010-2018 while our analysis is performed with panel data regression using STATA statistics software. Overall, the findings demonstrate that environmental disclosure provides positive impact on market valuation while economic and social disclosure do not. We also find the mediating role of bank reputation between the link of environmental disclosure and market valuation. By splitting the observation period into pre and post sustainable finance roadmap implementation, we find that economic disclosure holds significant contribution to increasing market valuation in the period before sustainable finance roadmap implementation while social and environmental disclosure demonstrate positive effect in the period when sustainable finance roadmap is implemented. This study, however, still contains limitation due to the use of content analysis in assessing sustainability report quality that may contain subjectivity issue. Further studies can obtain external assurance from independent experts in this subject. The use of quantitative-qualitative mixed method may also be a solution to solve this issue. This study provides several implications. Firstly, this study supports the regulation from the Indonesia Financial Service Authority to increase the participation of Indonesian banks in sustainability reporting in which the implementation must be followed with high regulation enforcement. We also suggest the practice of sustainability reporting for Indonesian listed banks as it gives considerable benefit in higher market valuation. This research addresses the gap in Indonesian literature that is limited on determinant study by providing more insights on how sustainability reporting provides on higher bank reputation and market valuation.
{"title":"Post-Issue of Sustainability Report: Does Market Valuation Improve?","authors":"Nurmadi Harsa Sumarta, Prihatnolo Gandhi Amidjaya, M. Prabowo, T. Mulyaningsih","doi":"10.47836/ijeam.17.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/ijeam.17.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"Following the increased concern on sustainability reporting in Indonesia, this study\u0000attempts to investigate whether the issuance of sustainability report is able to provide\u0000positive impact on bank reputation and market valuation. We use a set of unbalanced\u0000panel data that consist of 43 Indonesian listed banks throughout 2010-2018 while our\u0000analysis is performed with panel data regression using STATA statistics software. Overall, the findings demonstrate that environmental disclosure provides positive impact on market valuation while economic and social disclosure do not. We also find the mediating role of bank reputation between the link of environmental disclosure and market valuation. By splitting the observation period into pre and post sustainable finance roadmap implementation, we find that economic disclosure holds significant contribution to increasing market valuation in the period before sustainable finance roadmap implementation while social and environmental disclosure demonstrate positive effect in the period when sustainable finance roadmap is implemented. This study, however, still contains limitation due to the use of content analysis in assessing sustainability report quality that may contain subjectivity issue. Further studies can obtain external assurance from independent experts in this subject. The use of quantitative-qualitative mixed method may also be a solution to solve this issue. This study provides several implications. Firstly, this study supports the regulation from the Indonesia Financial Service Authority to increase the participation of Indonesian banks in sustainability reporting in which the implementation must be followed with high regulation enforcement. We also suggest the practice of sustainability reporting for Indonesian listed banks as it gives considerable benefit in higher market valuation. This research addresses the gap in Indonesian literature that is limited on determinant study by providing more insights on how sustainability reporting provides on higher bank reputation and market valuation.","PeriodicalId":40031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Management","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89349581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to explore the effect of employer attractiveness on employee engagement in depth. The analytical method in quantitative research is PLS-SEM. The survey sample, through the survey questionnaires, was collected from 937 respondents as employees from 37 enterprises operating in Vietnam. Employer attractiveness has a positive impact on employee engagement with a high coefficient. This result helps to demonstrate the new research direction that employer attractiveness affects not only the potential candidates but also the existing employees.
{"title":"The Impact of Employer Attractiveness on Employee Engagement: A Study in Vietnam","authors":"Nguyen VINH LUAN, Nguyen Minh Ha","doi":"10.47836/ijeam.17.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/ijeam.17.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to explore the effect of employer attractiveness on employee engagement\u0000in depth. The analytical method in quantitative research is PLS-SEM. The survey sample,\u0000through the survey questionnaires, was collected from 937 respondents as employees from 37 enterprises operating in Vietnam. Employer attractiveness has a positive impact on employee engagement with a high coefficient. This result helps to demonstrate the new\u0000research direction that employer attractiveness affects not only the potential candidates but also the existing employees.","PeriodicalId":40031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Management","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85153432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The correlation between uncertainty and economic growth is an interesting research topic that has attracted different views from many scholars. The present study aimed to empirically analyse the linkages among numerous uncertainties, such as; the uncertainty index (UI), the consumer price index (CPI), foreign direct investment inflows (FDI), trade openness (TO), innovation (INNO) on economic growth (GDP) in the ASEAN-5 countries: Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, The Philippines and Thailand between 1960 and 2020. The association between economic growth and its determinants over the long and short-term was estimated using the pooled mean group (PMG) panel autoregressive distributed lag (ADRL) technique. The findings showed that all computed coefficients had predicted signs and were statistically significant in the long run. In addition, economic growth was significantly impacted by FDI and the uncertainty index, both in the short and long term. The uncertainty index, CPI, FDI, innovation, and economic growth, thus, had a unidirectional relationship. On the other hand, no reciprocal relationship existed between trade openness and economic growth for the ASEAN-5 nations.
{"title":"Applying the Pooled Mean Group Panel ARDL Technique to Analyse the Impact of Uncertainty on Economic Growth in the ASEAN-5","authors":"Yong SOOK LU, Goh LIM THYE, Shahabudin Sharifah muhairah, Shantha Selva Kumari","doi":"10.47836/ijeam.17.1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/ijeam.17.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"The correlation between uncertainty and economic growth is an interesting research topic that has attracted different views from many scholars. The present study aimed to empirically analyse the linkages among numerous uncertainties, such as; the uncertainty index (UI), the consumer price index (CPI), foreign direct investment inflows (FDI), trade openness (TO), innovation (INNO) on economic growth (GDP) in the ASEAN-5 countries: Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, The Philippines and Thailand between 1960 and 2020. The association between economic growth and its determinants over the long and short-term was estimated using the pooled mean group (PMG) panel autoregressive distributed lag (ADRL) technique. The findings showed that all computed coefficients had predicted signs and were statistically significant in the long run. In addition, economic growth was significantly impacted by FDI and the uncertainty index, both in the short and long term. The uncertainty index, CPI, FDI, innovation, and economic growth, thus, had a unidirectional relationship. On the other hand, no reciprocal relationship existed between trade openness and economic growth for the ASEAN-5 nations.","PeriodicalId":40031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75360020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philip Yap, Amiratul Azzuwana Aniqah ABDUL RAHMAN, Mohamad Hafiz Abidin, Mohd Rais Ismail, Hafifi Hafiz Zulkifli
The MSPO certification scheme was adopted nationwide and made mandatory for all smallholders, plantations, and mills starting January 1, 2020. In Malaysia, an independent smallholder is defined as an individual who owns land less than 40.46 hectares in aggregate, and they account for 17% of the total oil palm planted area. However, the long duration required to obtain MSPO certification for independent smallholders affects their eligibility to supply their fresh fruit bunches (FFB) to certified palm oil mills for export. The study showed that during the certification phase for independent smallholders, the preparation of the Stage 2 audit plan and stakeholders’ consultation required the longest time to be completed in 52 days, followed by drafting of the final audit report with 29 days and preparation of the Stage 1 audit plan with 25 days. Meanwhile, the issuance of the MSPO certificate required the shortest time to be completed in one day. Therefore, it is only proper that Malaysia, as one of the leading palm oil producers, has a comprehensive certification scheme that is locally adaptable and meets the sustainability requirements internationally, following the principles of sustainability upon which the MSPO standard was built.
{"title":"Factors Influencing the Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) Certification Process During the Certification Phase for Independent Smallholders","authors":"Philip Yap, Amiratul Azzuwana Aniqah ABDUL RAHMAN, Mohamad Hafiz Abidin, Mohd Rais Ismail, Hafifi Hafiz Zulkifli","doi":"10.47836/ijeam.17.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/ijeam.17.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"The MSPO certification scheme was adopted nationwide and made mandatory for all\u0000smallholders, plantations, and mills starting January 1, 2020. In Malaysia, an independent smallholder is defined as an individual who owns land less than 40.46 hectares in aggregate, and they account for 17% of the total oil palm planted area. However, the long duration required to obtain MSPO certification for independent smallholders affects their eligibility to supply their fresh fruit bunches (FFB) to certified palm oil mills for export. The study showed that during the certification phase for independent smallholders, the preparation of the Stage 2 audit plan and stakeholders’ consultation required the longest time to be completed in 52 days, followed by drafting of the final audit report with 29 days and preparation of the Stage 1 audit plan with 25 days. Meanwhile, the issuance of the MSPO certificate required the shortest time to be completed in one day. Therefore, it is only proper that Malaysia, as one of the leading palm oil producers, has a comprehensive certification scheme that is locally adaptable and meets the sustainability requirements internationally, following the principles of sustainability upon which the MSPO standard was built.","PeriodicalId":40031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82683629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this article is to understand the history of banks usury and banks usury. From the results of the literature conducted, it seems that there are three opinions on the question of whether a bank's interest is usury. Second, it accepts interest because it is not equivalent to the usury prohibited by Islamic law. Third, bank interest is haram, but it is acceptable because there is no way around it. Muslim scholars and scholars still disagree on the following bank interest laws: Abu Zafra, Abu Ala Al Maudi Abdullah Al Arabi, and Yusuf Kardawa said that interest on traditional banks is included in the nasty Nassia class banned by Islam. Ulama's fatwa on the ban on bank interest was actually established at the Islamic Research Conference, attended by 150 prominent scholars, at the second conference in Cairo, Egypt, in May 1965. Since then, various international and domestic ulama forums have issued fatwas banning bank interest.
本文的目的是了解银行高利贷和银行高利贷的历史。从文献进行的结果来看，似乎有三种意见的问题，银行的利息是否是高利贷。其次，它接受利息，因为它不等同于伊斯兰法律所禁止的高利贷。第三，银行利息是非法的，但它是可以接受的，因为没有别的办法。穆斯林学者和学者对以下银行利息法仍然存在分歧:Abu Zafra, Abu Ala Al Maudi Abdullah Al Arabi和Yusuf Kardawa说传统银行的利息被包括在伊斯兰教禁止的讨厌的Nassia类中。乌拉玛关于禁止银行利息的法特瓦实际上是在1965年5月在埃及开罗举行的第二次伊斯兰研究会议上制定的，有150名著名学者参加了这次会议。从那时起，各种国际和国内的伊斯兰教士论坛都发布了禁止银行利息的教令。
{"title":"Literature Study of Riba In Banking","authors":"Haddad Ulum Harahap, Rijal Allamah Harahap","doi":"10.54209/iem.v1i01.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54209/iem.v1i01.6","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to understand the history of banks usury and banks usury. From the results of the literature conducted, it seems that there are three opinions on the question of whether a bank's interest is usury. Second, it accepts interest because it is not equivalent to the usury prohibited by Islamic law. Third, bank interest is haram, but it is acceptable because there is no way around it. Muslim scholars and scholars still disagree on the following bank interest laws: Abu Zafra, Abu Ala Al Maudi Abdullah Al Arabi, and Yusuf Kardawa said that interest on traditional banks is included in the nasty Nassia class banned by Islam. Ulama's fatwa on the ban on bank interest was actually established at the Islamic Research Conference, attended by 150 prominent scholars, at the second conference in Cairo, Egypt, in May 1965. Since then, various international and domestic ulama forums have issued fatwas banning bank interest.","PeriodicalId":40031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Management","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75660565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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