Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15475778.2023.2285621
Gulnur Smagulova, Marcus Goncalves
Abstract Female entrepreneurs in Central Asia contribute to economic development through their business establishment and workplace creation for others. Research shows that the motivation of women to start a business differs based on time and place-specific factors. Extant studies argue that women in developing economies opt for entrepreneurship because of push factors such as economic necessity and the need for a work-home balance. In contrast, women in advanced economies choose to be self-employed due to pull factors such as the need for self-actualization and independence. This study proposes a conceptual model to understand female entrepreneurial leadership in Kazakhstan by exploring the perceptions and experiences of women entrepreneurs within their leadership roles. It adopted Stewart’s model of role demands-constraints-choices (DCC) to understand their perceptions of the demands, constraints, and choices they experience within their leadership roles, exploring the main drivers for Kazakhstani women’s business establishment decisions addressing an existing knowledge gap on entrepreneurial leadership by aggregating three critical constructs of gender, leadership, and entrepreneurship. Based on semi-structured interviews, this study finds that Kazakhstani women start a business to earn an income, feed their children, and provide better living conditions. The findings also indicate that the case of women entrepreneurs’ motivation in Kazakhstan is distinct from existing literature on female entrepreneurs’ motivation in Central Asia developing economies. HIGHLIGHTS Kazakhstani women start businesses to earn income, feed children, and improve living conditions. Drivers are distinct from female entrepreneurs in Central Asia’s developing economies. Push strategies are a major driver for Kazakhstani women entrepreneurs.
{"title":"Drivers for women entrepreneurship in Central Asia: A case analysis of Kazakhstani enterprises","authors":"Gulnur Smagulova, Marcus Goncalves","doi":"10.1080/15475778.2023.2285621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15475778.2023.2285621","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Female entrepreneurs in Central Asia contribute to economic development through their business establishment and workplace creation for others. Research shows that the motivation of women to start a business differs based on time and place-specific factors. Extant studies argue that women in developing economies opt for entrepreneurship because of push factors such as economic necessity and the need for a work-home balance. In contrast, women in advanced economies choose to be self-employed due to pull factors such as the need for self-actualization and independence. This study proposes a conceptual model to understand female entrepreneurial leadership in Kazakhstan by exploring the perceptions and experiences of women entrepreneurs within their leadership roles. It adopted Stewart’s model of role demands-constraints-choices (DCC) to understand their perceptions of the demands, constraints, and choices they experience within their leadership roles, exploring the main drivers for Kazakhstani women’s business establishment decisions addressing an existing knowledge gap on entrepreneurial leadership by aggregating three critical constructs of gender, leadership, and entrepreneurship. Based on semi-structured interviews, this study finds that Kazakhstani women start a business to earn an income, feed their children, and provide better living conditions. The findings also indicate that the case of women entrepreneurs’ motivation in Kazakhstan is distinct from existing literature on female entrepreneurs’ motivation in Central Asia developing economies. HIGHLIGHTS Kazakhstani women start businesses to earn income, feed children, and improve living conditions. Drivers are distinct from female entrepreneurs in Central Asia’s developing economies. Push strategies are a major driver for Kazakhstani women entrepreneurs.","PeriodicalId":40044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transnational Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"249 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139324726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15475778.2023.2285645
Selina Y. M. Wong, Oliver H. M. Yau
Abstract This study explores the concept of trust in leadership, drawing on insights from the ancient Chinese classic I-Ching. Using content analysis and metaphoric interpretation, we examine the meaning of Fu (trust) in I-Ching and its relevance to modern-day business leadership. Our analysis categorizes hexagram lines that mention Fu into six stages, forming the I-Ching Trust Development Cycle: Initiation, Progressing, Testing, Growth, Maturity, and Decline. The cycle begins without trust as leaders and followers meet to share their visions and missions. As relationships between leaders and followers develop, progress is made. The third stage tests the trust relationships, while the fourth stage describes how relationships are maintained. In the fifth stage, trust reaches its peak, but in the final stage, relationships reach a crossroads that may lead to either continued Growth or Decline. We suggest management implications at the end of each stage. Finally, we discuss the limitations and suggest future research directions.
{"title":"Leading through the development of the trust cycle according to the I-Ching","authors":"Selina Y. M. Wong, Oliver H. M. Yau","doi":"10.1080/15475778.2023.2285645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15475778.2023.2285645","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study explores the concept of trust in leadership, drawing on insights from the ancient Chinese classic I-Ching. Using content analysis and metaphoric interpretation, we examine the meaning of Fu (trust) in I-Ching and its relevance to modern-day business leadership. Our analysis categorizes hexagram lines that mention Fu into six stages, forming the I-Ching Trust Development Cycle: Initiation, Progressing, Testing, Growth, Maturity, and Decline. The cycle begins without trust as leaders and followers meet to share their visions and missions. As relationships between leaders and followers develop, progress is made. The third stage tests the trust relationships, while the fourth stage describes how relationships are maintained. In the fifth stage, trust reaches its peak, but in the final stage, relationships reach a crossroads that may lead to either continued Growth or Decline. We suggest management implications at the end of each stage. Finally, we discuss the limitations and suggest future research directions.","PeriodicalId":40044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transnational Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"215 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139324833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15475778.2023.2288469
K. Becker
{"title":"The last few years have marked interesting times for education","authors":"K. Becker","doi":"10.1080/15475778.2023.2288469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15475778.2023.2288469","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transnational Management","volume":"34 1","pages":"165 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139324877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1080/15475778.2023.2223467
Abbas J. Ali, Lamya Al-Aali, K. Krishnan
{"title":"Work involvement and ethics in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Abbas J. Ali, Lamya Al-Aali, K. Krishnan","doi":"10.1080/15475778.2023.2223467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15475778.2023.2223467","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transnational Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46018943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1080/15475778.2023.2223391
O. H. Yau, Eddie Yu, Anthony Ko, Jimmy H. T. Chan
{"title":"Jupsang leadership orientation: Conceptualization and scale development","authors":"O. H. Yau, Eddie Yu, Anthony Ko, Jimmy H. T. Chan","doi":"10.1080/15475778.2023.2223391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15475778.2023.2223391","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transnational Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47177288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15475778.2023.2223111
W. Cheng, Mingyan Kong, A. Krishnamoorthy, Lane Boyte-Eckis
Abstract The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between external macroeconomic factors and the number of monthly IPOs in the Chinese stock market using data from the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE). The study investigated four macroeconomic variables: industrial production (economic activity), long-term interest rates, stock market return, and market volatility. In simplistic terms, these four macroeconomic factors constitute the independent variables, and the number of monthly IPOs for the Chinese market constitutes the dependent variables. As stated, the data were obtained from the Shanghai Stock Exchange and consisted of Monthly IPOs from 2010 to 2020. The study also split the data set into two time periods, 2010–2013 and 2014–2020, to examine the effects of the global financial crisis of 2007–2008 on the Chinese IPO market. The period from 2010 to 2013 represents the “aftershock period,” and the period from 2014 to 2020 represents the “stability period.” By employing several econometric models, research results indicate that all four macroeconomic variables impacted IPOs in the Chinese stock market during the 10-year period under consideration.
{"title":"The relationship between IPOs and macroeconomic factors in the Chinese stock market","authors":"W. Cheng, Mingyan Kong, A. Krishnamoorthy, Lane Boyte-Eckis","doi":"10.1080/15475778.2023.2223111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15475778.2023.2223111","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between external macroeconomic factors and the number of monthly IPOs in the Chinese stock market using data from the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE). The study investigated four macroeconomic variables: industrial production (economic activity), long-term interest rates, stock market return, and market volatility. In simplistic terms, these four macroeconomic factors constitute the independent variables, and the number of monthly IPOs for the Chinese market constitutes the dependent variables. As stated, the data were obtained from the Shanghai Stock Exchange and consisted of Monthly IPOs from 2010 to 2020. The study also split the data set into two time periods, 2010–2013 and 2014–2020, to examine the effects of the global financial crisis of 2007–2008 on the Chinese IPO market. The period from 2010 to 2013 represents the “aftershock period,” and the period from 2014 to 2020 represents the “stability period.” By employing several econometric models, research results indicate that all four macroeconomic variables impacted IPOs in the Chinese stock market during the 10-year period under consideration.","PeriodicalId":40044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transnational Management","volume":"28 1","pages":"101 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48332693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15475778.2023.2223109
Sheshadri Chatterjee, Ranjan Chaudhuri, D. Vrontis
Abstract Neuromarketing is a branch in the field of commercial marketing communication. Neuromarketing closely relates to neuropsychology and market research for studying the cognitive thinking process of customers and their responses to the marketing stimuli. Presently no study has investigated the moderating role of firm leadership support in promoting neuromarketing applications in their firm. However, there is a huge interest among researchers and industry practitioners to understand this phenomenon and how leadership support can sponsor and invest in neuromarketing related programs in their marketing departments. Against this background, the objective of this study is to examine the role of firm leadership support in promoting neuromarketing and the consequences of it. With the help of marketing theories and literature, a theoretical model has been developed. Later, the model is validated using the CB-SEM technique using 372 responses from employees in marketing departments of various firms. The study finds that there is a significant and positive impact of neuromarketing on customer loyalty, improving business value, and marketing performance of the firms, which in turn significantly impacts the competitive advantage of the firms. The study also finds that leadership support plays an important role in promoting neuromarketing related applications in the firms.
{"title":"Value based marketing: Examining the role of leadership support in promoting neuromarketing","authors":"Sheshadri Chatterjee, Ranjan Chaudhuri, D. Vrontis","doi":"10.1080/15475778.2023.2223109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15475778.2023.2223109","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Neuromarketing is a branch in the field of commercial marketing communication. Neuromarketing closely relates to neuropsychology and market research for studying the cognitive thinking process of customers and their responses to the marketing stimuli. Presently no study has investigated the moderating role of firm leadership support in promoting neuromarketing applications in their firm. However, there is a huge interest among researchers and industry practitioners to understand this phenomenon and how leadership support can sponsor and invest in neuromarketing related programs in their marketing departments. Against this background, the objective of this study is to examine the role of firm leadership support in promoting neuromarketing and the consequences of it. With the help of marketing theories and literature, a theoretical model has been developed. Later, the model is validated using the CB-SEM technique using 372 responses from employees in marketing departments of various firms. The study finds that there is a significant and positive impact of neuromarketing on customer loyalty, improving business value, and marketing performance of the firms, which in turn significantly impacts the competitive advantage of the firms. The study also finds that leadership support plays an important role in promoting neuromarketing related applications in the firms.","PeriodicalId":40044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transnational Management","volume":"28 1","pages":"141 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45489390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15475778.2023.2191379
Bernard Lee, Anthony S. C. Tsui, O. H. Yau
Abstract The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a performance measurement management control tool model that can play a critical role in driving companies to achieve sustainable performance in the healthcare industry. In the previous studies, BSC advocates that the sustainable growth of business relies on a management balance focused on financial and non-financial aspects. This study uses the BSC model to examine the core business strategies, namely the duration of CEO tenure, the spending patterns between marketing and Research & Development (R&D) and human resources capability expressed in employee size in the healthcare industry in China. The research used a sample of 305 public-listed healthcare companies in PRC China with data collected for 2016–2019 from the China Stock Market & Accounting Research Database (CSMARD). The data was analyzed by SmartPLS version 3.3.6. This study has three essential findings. First, R&D investment has a negative quadratic impact on marketing expenses. Second, marketing expenses are a mediator between R&D investment and company performance. The last finding is that CEO tenure has a moderating effect on employee size in the company. These findings add to the literature on mediation studies in leadership and management. This study provides insights into mapping BSC as an international management assessment tool, indicating potential research opportunities and highlighting managerial implications.
{"title":"Impact of Balanced Scorecard implementation on company performance of PRC listed companies in the healthcare industry","authors":"Bernard Lee, Anthony S. C. Tsui, O. H. Yau","doi":"10.1080/15475778.2023.2191379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15475778.2023.2191379","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a performance measurement management control tool model that can play a critical role in driving companies to achieve sustainable performance in the healthcare industry. In the previous studies, BSC advocates that the sustainable growth of business relies on a management balance focused on financial and non-financial aspects. This study uses the BSC model to examine the core business strategies, namely the duration of CEO tenure, the spending patterns between marketing and Research & Development (R&D) and human resources capability expressed in employee size in the healthcare industry in China. The research used a sample of 305 public-listed healthcare companies in PRC China with data collected for 2016–2019 from the China Stock Market & Accounting Research Database (CSMARD). The data was analyzed by SmartPLS version 3.3.6. This study has three essential findings. First, R&D investment has a negative quadratic impact on marketing expenses. Second, marketing expenses are a mediator between R&D investment and company performance. The last finding is that CEO tenure has a moderating effect on employee size in the company. These findings add to the literature on mediation studies in leadership and management. This study provides insights into mapping BSC as an international management assessment tool, indicating potential research opportunities and highlighting managerial implications.","PeriodicalId":40044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transnational Management","volume":"28 1","pages":"35 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42078410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15475778.2023.2223471
Gulnur Smagulova, Marcus Goncalves
Abstract The Technological Innovation Systems (TIS) framework has become popular for analyzing innovation dynamics and as a systematic approach to understanding the development of new technologies. This paper aims to identify the main drivers and issues faced by EdTech startups and the entrepreneurs’ innovation role within Kazakhstan’s entrepreneurial ecosystem using the TIS framework, but from the role of the entrepreneur as the main actor, as opposed to systems. This study offers relevant information for new entrepreneurs in the EdTech field aiming for similar goals and potentially facing similar challenges faced by current entrepreneurs in that country. Data were collected from an online survey and semi-structured interviews using a quasi-quantitative and qualitative approach. The main research findings include identifying critical categories of risks and success indicators for Kazakhstan’s EdTech startup entrepreneurs, including the ability to attract foreign and local investments, risk management, monetization strategies, developing trends, and government support. A total of 30 companies were analyzed, with findings suggesting that the quality of the entrepreneurial ecosystem reflects the level of economic development.
{"title":"Technological innovation systems (TIS) as a tool for sustainable development of EdTech startups in developing countries: A case of the Republic of Kazakhstan","authors":"Gulnur Smagulova, Marcus Goncalves","doi":"10.1080/15475778.2023.2223471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15475778.2023.2223471","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Technological Innovation Systems (TIS) framework has become popular for analyzing innovation dynamics and as a systematic approach to understanding the development of new technologies. This paper aims to identify the main drivers and issues faced by EdTech startups and the entrepreneurs’ innovation role within Kazakhstan’s entrepreneurial ecosystem using the TIS framework, but from the role of the entrepreneur as the main actor, as opposed to systems. This study offers relevant information for new entrepreneurs in the EdTech field aiming for similar goals and potentially facing similar challenges faced by current entrepreneurs in that country. Data were collected from an online survey and semi-structured interviews using a quasi-quantitative and qualitative approach. The main research findings include identifying critical categories of risks and success indicators for Kazakhstan’s EdTech startup entrepreneurs, including the ability to attract foreign and local investments, risk management, monetization strategies, developing trends, and government support. A total of 30 companies were analyzed, with findings suggesting that the quality of the entrepreneurial ecosystem reflects the level of economic development.","PeriodicalId":40044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transnational Management","volume":"28 1","pages":"74 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47134821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15475778.2023.2190949
Ashima Verma, R. Agrawal
Abstract The key rationale of linking restructuring with efficiency deliberates upon the use of resources and skills after such restructuring. The empirical analysis in the present research facilitates in testing four hypotheses- validation of cobb-Douglas production function, absence of technical inefficiency effects, the impact of the explanatory variable, absence of hicks-neutral technical change and absence of technical progress. A second level analysis wherein an explanatory variable viz., research & development and comprehending its impact on efficiency post ownership change is also done. Additionally, the study is deepened by understanding the presence of bias in decision making post ownership change. This research extends to developing patents in the field of medicines which is one of the many dimensions where Indian Pharmaceutical Industry (IPI) needs encouragement. Furthermore, relatively unexplored areas of medicine like complex generics and biosimilars can promote IPI on the international platform due to limited competition and greater margins in this novel field.
{"title":"A four layered R&D efficiency scan in the pharmaceutical industry: Evaluating ownership restructuring","authors":"Ashima Verma, R. Agrawal","doi":"10.1080/15475778.2023.2190949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15475778.2023.2190949","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The key rationale of linking restructuring with efficiency deliberates upon the use of resources and skills after such restructuring. The empirical analysis in the present research facilitates in testing four hypotheses- validation of cobb-Douglas production function, absence of technical inefficiency effects, the impact of the explanatory variable, absence of hicks-neutral technical change and absence of technical progress. A second level analysis wherein an explanatory variable viz., research & development and comprehending its impact on efficiency post ownership change is also done. Additionally, the study is deepened by understanding the presence of bias in decision making post ownership change. This research extends to developing patents in the field of medicines which is one of the many dimensions where Indian Pharmaceutical Industry (IPI) needs encouragement. Furthermore, relatively unexplored areas of medicine like complex generics and biosimilars can promote IPI on the international platform due to limited competition and greater margins in this novel field.","PeriodicalId":40044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transnational Management","volume":"28 1","pages":"115 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41601213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：