Abstract This paper aims to show a general panorama of the Palermitan ceramic products circulating from the end of the ninth to the eleventh century. During this period Palermo was the capital of Islamic Sicily and covered an important role in the Mediterranean from a political, economic and cultural point of view. This has also impacted on pottery production. A new morphologic, technologic and decorative panorama is present during this phase, to face the new needs of a crescent population. Palermo developed a proper pottery language which is the result in part of the previous traditions and in part of the new contributions from the Islamic lands. The volume of Palermitan ceramic production increased considerably, not only to meet the metropolitan demand but also for the growing extra-urban (insular and extra-insular) requests.
{"title":"The Palermitan ceramic production from the ninth to the eleventh century","authors":"V. Sacco","doi":"10.1017/lis.2020.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lis.2020.18","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper aims to show a general panorama of the Palermitan ceramic products circulating from the end of the ninth to the eleventh century. During this period Palermo was the capital of Islamic Sicily and covered an important role in the Mediterranean from a political, economic and cultural point of view. This has also impacted on pottery production. A new morphologic, technologic and decorative panorama is present during this phase, to face the new needs of a crescent population. Palermo developed a proper pottery language which is the result in part of the previous traditions and in part of the new contributions from the Islamic lands. The volume of Palermitan ceramic production increased considerably, not only to meet the metropolitan demand but also for the growing extra-urban (insular and extra-insular) requests.","PeriodicalId":40059,"journal":{"name":"Libyan Studies","volume":"51 1","pages":"74 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/lis.2020.18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46852397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This research develops a much-needed approach to the study of glazed ware production in al-Andalus (Muslim Spain and Portugal) during the early Middle Ages. The introduction of glaze to the Iberian Peninsula was a long and complex process involving three waves of technology transfer arriving from the eastern Islamic regions between the ninth and eleventh centuries. In this paper, the main glaze workshops of each technological wave have been characterised in order to understand how the medieval technological transmission took place and how political and economic factors influenced this gradual dissemination.
{"title":"The introduction of the glaze in al-Andalus: Technological waves and Oriental influences","authors":"Elena Salinas, T. Pradell","doi":"10.1017/lis.2020.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lis.2020.8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This research develops a much-needed approach to the study of glazed ware production in al-Andalus (Muslim Spain and Portugal) during the early Middle Ages. The introduction of glaze to the Iberian Peninsula was a long and complex process involving three waves of technology transfer arriving from the eastern Islamic regions between the ninth and eleventh centuries. In this paper, the main glaze workshops of each technological wave have been characterised in order to understand how the medieval technological transmission took place and how political and economic factors influenced this gradual dissemination.","PeriodicalId":40059,"journal":{"name":"Libyan Studies","volume":"51 1","pages":"87 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/lis.2020.8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45223650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper updates the present knowledge of ceramic productions in the Western Mediterranean in the early Middle Ages through the example of al-Andalus. The study of pottery production is a key element for recognizing the process of Islamization, the formation of al-Andalus, and the important social and economic changes that took placed in the Mediterranean between the seventh and ninth centuries. From a historical point of view, the early Middle Ages is a transcendental moment of change: patterns and socioeconomic models of the ancient world began to fade, and the evolution towards the development of feudal societies and, in parallel, the emergence of Islamic culture started. In the Iberian Peninsula, the arrival of the Arab-Berber army in AD 711 and its rapid conquest over a few years generated a process of social change know today as Islamization, which encompasses two centuries (eighth and ninth), and culminates in the tenth century with the standardization of a culture that is recognized from that moment on as Islamic culture. In this paper, the central elements of ceramic production in early al-Andalus are analysed, including the coexistence of diverse manufacturing techniques, the gradual disappearance of standardized productions, regionalization of production centres, and the incorporation of new forms and techniques such as glaze.
{"title":"Ceramics in transition: ceramics from the first Islamic period in the western Mediterranean – the example of al-Andalus","authors":"Victoria Amorós Ruiz, Sonia Gutiérrez Lloret","doi":"10.1017/lis.2020.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lis.2020.19","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper updates the present knowledge of ceramic productions in the Western Mediterranean in the early Middle Ages through the example of al-Andalus. The study of pottery production is a key element for recognizing the process of Islamization, the formation of al-Andalus, and the important social and economic changes that took placed in the Mediterranean between the seventh and ninth centuries. From a historical point of view, the early Middle Ages is a transcendental moment of change: patterns and socioeconomic models of the ancient world began to fade, and the evolution towards the development of feudal societies and, in parallel, the emergence of Islamic culture started. In the Iberian Peninsula, the arrival of the Arab-Berber army in AD 711 and its rapid conquest over a few years generated a process of social change know today as Islamization, which encompasses two centuries (eighth and ninth), and culminates in the tenth century with the standardization of a culture that is recognized from that moment on as Islamic culture. In this paper, the central elements of ceramic production in early al-Andalus are analysed, including the coexistence of diverse manufacturing techniques, the gradual disappearance of standardized productions, regionalization of production centres, and the incorporation of new forms and techniques such as glaze.","PeriodicalId":40059,"journal":{"name":"Libyan Studies","volume":"51 1","pages":"99 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/lis.2020.19","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48128054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract ‘Notes from Libya’ is a new regular feature of Libyan Studies, and follows the reports of the Society's Head of Mission. These reports were previously concerned with the organization of fieldwork and administrative matters connected to obtaining permissions, visas and so on, and were recorded in the minutes of the Council meetings. However, they have recently taken on a new form, outlining the alarming developments in Libya, largely focusing on its heritage but also on the political and economic situation, which impacts on the management of Libya's ancient monuments and artefacts. The importance and historical interest of these reports now, however, merits a wider audience and a more formal record, so these accounts are now published in Libyan Studies.
{"title":"Notes from Libya","authors":"P. Bennett","doi":"10.1017/lis.2020.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lis.2020.20","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract ‘Notes from Libya’ is a new regular feature of Libyan Studies, and follows the reports of the Society's Head of Mission. These reports were previously concerned with the organization of fieldwork and administrative matters connected to obtaining permissions, visas and so on, and were recorded in the minutes of the Council meetings. However, they have recently taken on a new form, outlining the alarming developments in Libya, largely focusing on its heritage but also on the political and economic situation, which impacts on the management of Libya's ancient monuments and artefacts. The importance and historical interest of these reports now, however, merits a wider audience and a more formal record, so these accounts are now published in Libyan Studies.","PeriodicalId":40059,"journal":{"name":"Libyan Studies","volume":"51 1","pages":"178 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/lis.2020.20","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43632232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Leone, W. Wootton, Corisande Fenwick, M. Nebbia, Hiba Alkhalaf, Gaygysyz Jorayev, Ammar Othman, Muftah A. Alhddad, Morgan Belzic, Ahmad Emrage, Ziad Siala, Patricia Voke
Abstract This paper presents the methodology and overall outcomes from the Training in Action project (TinA), funded by the British Council's Cultural Protection Fund between 2017 and 2019, which has built capacity among 72 employees of the Department of Antiquities of Libya (DoA) and the Institut National du Patrimoine de Tunisie (INP). It highlights the integrated and comprehensive nature of the training based on an innovative approach designed to increase value and impact. The integrated methodology, combining documentation, conservation and management, serves as a reproducible and sustainable model for other capacity-building projects. TinA was developed and carried out collaboratively by academics at Durham University, King's College London and University College London, and in partnership with the DoA and INP.
{"title":"An integrated methodology for the documentation and protection of cultural heritage in the MENA region: a case study from Libya and Tunisia","authors":"A. Leone, W. Wootton, Corisande Fenwick, M. Nebbia, Hiba Alkhalaf, Gaygysyz Jorayev, Ammar Othman, Muftah A. Alhddad, Morgan Belzic, Ahmad Emrage, Ziad Siala, Patricia Voke","doi":"10.1017/lis.2020.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lis.2020.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the methodology and overall outcomes from the Training in Action project (TinA), funded by the British Council's Cultural Protection Fund between 2017 and 2019, which has built capacity among 72 employees of the Department of Antiquities of Libya (DoA) and the Institut National du Patrimoine de Tunisie (INP). It highlights the integrated and comprehensive nature of the training based on an innovative approach designed to increase value and impact. The integrated methodology, combining documentation, conservation and management, serves as a reproducible and sustainable model for other capacity-building projects. TinA was developed and carried out collaboratively by academics at Durham University, King's College London and University College London, and in partnership with the DoA and INP.","PeriodicalId":40059,"journal":{"name":"Libyan Studies","volume":"51 1","pages":"141 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/lis.2020.11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46365353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The translation of so-called ‘honorific’ titles from Punic to Latin, and their deployment in a number of public monumental inscriptions in Lepcis Magna, have often been promoted as evidence for successful Romanisation in the cities of Tripolitania. Titles such as amator concordiae and ornator patriae have been understood as affirmations that the local Lepcitan community had engaged with Augustan ideological concepts and were using them to demonstrate loyalty and support for the principate. This paper argues that a more likely influence on the translation of the titles into Latin came from the notions of philia exhibited by the Greek-speaking communities of the eastern Mediterranean in their interactions with Rome.
{"title":"amator concordiae, ornator patriae. The Latinisation of Punic titles in early imperial Lepcis Magna","authors":"C. Barron","doi":"10.1017/lis.2020.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lis.2020.7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The translation of so-called ‘honorific’ titles from Punic to Latin, and their deployment in a number of public monumental inscriptions in Lepcis Magna, have often been promoted as evidence for successful Romanisation in the cities of Tripolitania. Titles such as amator concordiae and ornator patriae have been understood as affirmations that the local Lepcitan community had engaged with Augustan ideological concepts and were using them to demonstrate loyalty and support for the principate. This paper argues that a more likely influence on the translation of the titles into Latin came from the notions of philia exhibited by the Greek-speaking communities of the eastern Mediterranean in their interactions with Rome.","PeriodicalId":40059,"journal":{"name":"Libyan Studies","volume":"51 1","pages":"10 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/lis.2020.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45522175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Libératus de Carthage, Abrégé de L'Histoire des Nestoriens et des Eutychiens, introd. et note Philippe Blaudeau; trad. François Cassingena et Philippe Blaudeau, Paris, SC. 607, 2019.","authors":"Mohamed-Arbi Nsiri","doi":"10.1017/lis.2020.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lis.2020.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40059,"journal":{"name":"Libyan Studies","volume":"51 1","pages":"176 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/lis.2020.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43565056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper analyzes a well-defined problem: that of relations between the Moors of Western Tripolitania (Tunisian part) and the Vandals. Notwithstanding the lack of textual sources, the subject will be addressed in an area that is both a border territory and pre-Saharan, namely Western Tripolitania. The period chosen is a poorly understood period and still debated by specialists. This work is based on two essential foundations: first, an attempt is made to demonstrate the main features and approximate boundaries of the Vandal State; and secondly the focus will be on the relations between the pre-Saharan Moors of Western Tripolitania and the Vandals. As a preliminary introduction, the nomadic and semi-nomadic peoples of the Tunisian Chotts, Nefzaoua, the hinterland of Jeffara and Jebel will be discussed. The best known of the tribes in these regions are the Arzuges. They would have circulated, according to Orose, along the limes of Africa. As a result, they developed various relationships with the Arians depending on the political situation and its evolution under the Vandals.
{"title":"Pax et Bellum en Tripolitaine occidentale (partie tunisienne) à l’époque vandale","authors":"M. Ellefi","doi":"10.1017/lis.2020.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lis.2020.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper analyzes a well-defined problem: that of relations between the Moors of Western Tripolitania (Tunisian part) and the Vandals. Notwithstanding the lack of textual sources, the subject will be addressed in an area that is both a border territory and pre-Saharan, namely Western Tripolitania. The period chosen is a poorly understood period and still debated by specialists. This work is based on two essential foundations: first, an attempt is made to demonstrate the main features and approximate boundaries of the Vandal State; and secondly the focus will be on the relations between the pre-Saharan Moors of Western Tripolitania and the Vandals. As a preliminary introduction, the nomadic and semi-nomadic peoples of the Tunisian Chotts, Nefzaoua, the hinterland of Jeffara and Jebel will be discussed. The best known of the tribes in these regions are the Arzuges. They would have circulated, according to Orose, along the limes of Africa. As a result, they developed various relationships with the Arians depending on the political situation and its evolution under the Vandals.","PeriodicalId":40059,"journal":{"name":"Libyan Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"134 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/lis.2020.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43712971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our information about the early Greek pottery in Cyrenaica grows apace. The second final report on the excavation at the Demeter sanctuary in Cyrene is devoted to the Archaic pottery found there, excluding, sadly, the Attic and Corinthian — which is saved for other experts — and the local wares. The thoroughness with which the material is here presented makes it the more regrettable that we do not yet have it all and that Schaus, who is admirably suited to making good historical and archaeological sense of such finds, is not surveying it in entirety. It is, I suppose, part of the price paid for employing experts. The pottery is not stratified, but it is plentiful although extremely comminuted: a tantalising challenge to the archaeologist. The natural comparison for the material is with the Archaic finds from Tocra (Taucheira) the settlement along the coast, nearer Benghazi, which was excavated by the British School at Athens in 1963-1965 and published in two volumes in 1966 and 1973 (with the second of which the infant Libyan Society was associated). Schaus makes the best of the opportunities offered for comparison, and elsewhere Stucchi has, at least in a roughly statistical manner, done the same for finds from the Italian intramural excavations at Cyrene (in Ancient Greek and related Pottery; Proceedings of the International Vase Symposium Amsterdam 1984, Allard Pierson Series 5, 1985, 139-143). The three groups involved present acutely the problems of such numerical comparisons, which seem to acquire a factual status as soon as their sources are forgotten (which is usually rapidly). The Tocra material is from a nearly fully excavated series of votive deposits and seems fully representative for the years covered, as well as being very rich in near-complete vases, but we can never be sure that, for a while, votives were not disposed of elsewhere. The Demeter material at Cyrene is a disturbed scatter through the excavated area, but the volume makes it reassuring as an index to pottery received in the sanctuary in early years. For the other finds at Cyrene, in the Agora, we have no assurance of their validity as an index to the relative volume of finds, and it is not surprising, nor should it therefore be discouraging, to find that Stucchi is despondent about the value of such comparative statistical studies. Restricted to the non-Attic, non-Corinthian and non-local, Schaus is excluded from deducing anything about two major importers of the sixth century BC, but he makes the very best of what can be done with the material at his disposal. It begins somewhat later than the foundation of Cyrene (and of Tocra), in about 600 BC, and the main classes recognised, using traditional archaeological stylistic analysis aided by a limited amount of clay analysis, correspond very closely with those from Tocra. The quality of the pottery seems generally higher, which is only to be expected of the Cyrenaican metropolis, although its present state is wretched. So
{"title":"AT THE SANCTUARY","authors":"J. Boardman","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv12pntbw.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv12pntbw.12","url":null,"abstract":"Our information about the early Greek pottery in Cyrenaica grows apace. The second final report on the excavation at the Demeter sanctuary in Cyrene is devoted to the Archaic pottery found there, excluding, sadly, the Attic and Corinthian — which is saved for other experts — and the local wares. The thoroughness with which the material is here presented makes it the more regrettable that we do not yet have it all and that Schaus, who is admirably suited to making good historical and archaeological sense of such finds, is not surveying it in entirety. It is, I suppose, part of the price paid for employing experts. The pottery is not stratified, but it is plentiful although extremely comminuted: a tantalising challenge to the archaeologist. The natural comparison for the material is with the Archaic finds from Tocra (Taucheira) the settlement along the coast, nearer Benghazi, which was excavated by the British School at Athens in 1963-1965 and published in two volumes in 1966 and 1973 (with the second of which the infant Libyan Society was associated). Schaus makes the best of the opportunities offered for comparison, and elsewhere Stucchi has, at least in a roughly statistical manner, done the same for finds from the Italian intramural excavations at Cyrene (in Ancient Greek and related Pottery; Proceedings of the International Vase Symposium Amsterdam 1984, Allard Pierson Series 5, 1985, 139-143). The three groups involved present acutely the problems of such numerical comparisons, which seem to acquire a factual status as soon as their sources are forgotten (which is usually rapidly). The Tocra material is from a nearly fully excavated series of votive deposits and seems fully representative for the years covered, as well as being very rich in near-complete vases, but we can never be sure that, for a while, votives were not disposed of elsewhere. The Demeter material at Cyrene is a disturbed scatter through the excavated area, but the volume makes it reassuring as an index to pottery received in the sanctuary in early years. For the other finds at Cyrene, in the Agora, we have no assurance of their validity as an index to the relative volume of finds, and it is not surprising, nor should it therefore be discouraging, to find that Stucchi is despondent about the value of such comparative statistical studies. Restricted to the non-Attic, non-Corinthian and non-local, Schaus is excluded from deducing anything about two major importers of the sixth century BC, but he makes the very best of what can be done with the material at his disposal. It begins somewhat later than the foundation of Cyrene (and of Tocra), in about 600 BC, and the main classes recognised, using traditional archaeological stylistic analysis aided by a limited amount of clay analysis, correspond very closely with those from Tocra. The quality of the pottery seems generally higher, which is only to be expected of the Cyrenaican metropolis, although its present state is wretched. So","PeriodicalId":40059,"journal":{"name":"Libyan Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"172 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47216402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The excavations conducted at Euesperides between 1999 and 2007 under the auspices of the Society for Libyan Studies, London, and the Department of Antiquities, Libya, and jointly directed by Paul Bennet and Andrew Wilson, brought to light private houses and a building complex, industrial areas related to purple dye production and part of the city's fortification wall. Among the finds was a highly significant body of local, regional and imported pottery (from the Greek and Punic world, Cyprus, Italy and elsewhere), dated between the last quarter of the seventh and the middle of the third century BC, when the city was abandoned. This archaeological project adopted an innovative approach to the study of pottery from the site, based on the total quantification of the coarse, fine wares and transport amphorae. This was supplemented by a targeted programme of petrographic analysis to shed light on production centres and thus questions about the trade and the economy of ancient Euesperides. The pottery study by K. Göransson, K. Swift and E. Zimi demonstrated that although the city gradually developed a significant industry of ceramics, it relied heavily on imports to cover its needs and that imported pottery reached Euesperides’ sheltered harbour either directly from the supplying regions or most often through complex maritime networks in the Mediterranean which changed over time. Cooking pots from Aegina and the Punic world, mortaria, bowls, jugs and table amphorae from Corinth as well as transport amphorae from various centres containing olive oil, wine, processed meat and fish were transported to the city from Greece, Italy/Sicily, Cyprus and elsewhere. The so-called amphorae B formed the majority, while Corinthian, Aegean (Thasian, Mendean, Knidian, etc.), Greco-Italic and Punic were adequatly represented. Regarding fine wares, East Greek, Laconian and Corinthian are common until the end of the sixth century; Attic black-glazed, and to a lesser extend, black-figure and red-figure pots dominate the assemblages between the fifth and the mid-third centuries BC, while Corinthian, Italian/Sicilian and Punic seem to have been following the commodities flow at Euesperides from the fourth century BC onwards. Finally, Cyrenaican pottery and transport amphorae have been also identified at Euesperides implying a considerable volume of inter-regional trade. إن الحفريات التي أجريت بمدينة يوسبريدس بين عامي 1999 و 2007 تحت رعاية جمعية الدراسات الليبية بلندن و مصلحة الآثار الليبية، وبإدارة مشتركة من بول بينيت و أندرو ويلسون، كانت قد كشفت عن عدد من المنازل الخاصة ومجمع مباني، ومناطق صناعية متعلقة بإنتاج الصبغة الأرجوانية و كذلك جزء من جدار تحصين المدينة. من بين هذه الاكتشافات مجموعة كبيرة من الفخار المحلي و الإقليمي والمستورد (من العالم اليوناني والبونيقي و من قبرص وإيطاليا وأماكن أخرى) ، والتي يرجع تاريخها إلى ما بين الربع الأخير من القرن السابع ومنتصف القرن الثالث قبل الميلاد، عندما هُجرت المدينة. هذا المشروع الأثري أتبع نهجاً مبتكراً في دراسة الفخار من ا
{"title":"Pottery and trade at Euesperides in Cyrenaica: an overview","authors":"E. Zimi, K. Göransson, Keith Swift","doi":"10.1017/lis.2019.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lis.2019.27","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The excavations conducted at Euesperides between 1999 and 2007 under the auspices of the Society for Libyan Studies, London, and the Department of Antiquities, Libya, and jointly directed by Paul Bennet and Andrew Wilson, brought to light private houses and a building complex, industrial areas related to purple dye production and part of the city's fortification wall. Among the finds was a highly significant body of local, regional and imported pottery (from the Greek and Punic world, Cyprus, Italy and elsewhere), dated between the last quarter of the seventh and the middle of the third century BC, when the city was abandoned. This archaeological project adopted an innovative approach to the study of pottery from the site, based on the total quantification of the coarse, fine wares and transport amphorae. This was supplemented by a targeted programme of petrographic analysis to shed light on production centres and thus questions about the trade and the economy of ancient Euesperides. The pottery study by K. Göransson, K. Swift and E. Zimi demonstrated that although the city gradually developed a significant industry of ceramics, it relied heavily on imports to cover its needs and that imported pottery reached Euesperides’ sheltered harbour either directly from the supplying regions or most often through complex maritime networks in the Mediterranean which changed over time. Cooking pots from Aegina and the Punic world, mortaria, bowls, jugs and table amphorae from Corinth as well as transport amphorae from various centres containing olive oil, wine, processed meat and fish were transported to the city from Greece, Italy/Sicily, Cyprus and elsewhere. The so-called amphorae B formed the majority, while Corinthian, Aegean (Thasian, Mendean, Knidian, etc.), Greco-Italic and Punic were adequatly represented. Regarding fine wares, East Greek, Laconian and Corinthian are common until the end of the sixth century; Attic black-glazed, and to a lesser extend, black-figure and red-figure pots dominate the assemblages between the fifth and the mid-third centuries BC, while Corinthian, Italian/Sicilian and Punic seem to have been following the commodities flow at Euesperides from the fourth century BC onwards. Finally, Cyrenaican pottery and transport amphorae have been also identified at Euesperides implying a considerable volume of inter-regional trade. إن الحفريات التي أجريت بمدينة يوسبريدس بين عامي 1999 و 2007 تحت رعاية جمعية الدراسات الليبية بلندن و مصلحة الآثار الليبية، وبإدارة مشتركة من بول بينيت و أندرو ويلسون، كانت قد كشفت عن عدد من المنازل الخاصة ومجمع مباني، ومناطق صناعية متعلقة بإنتاج الصبغة الأرجوانية و كذلك جزء من جدار تحصين المدينة. من بين هذه الاكتشافات مجموعة كبيرة من الفخار المحلي و الإقليمي والمستورد (من العالم اليوناني والبونيقي و من قبرص وإيطاليا وأماكن أخرى) ، والتي يرجع تاريخها إلى ما بين الربع الأخير من القرن السابع ومنتصف القرن الثالث قبل الميلاد، عندما هُجرت المدينة. هذا المشروع الأثري أتبع نهجاً مبتكراً في دراسة الفخار من ا","PeriodicalId":40059,"journal":{"name":"Libyan Studies","volume":"50 1","pages":"21 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/lis.2019.27","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45185837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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